Numerical simulation research of dimension variation in heavy plate during quenching and tempering process

The dimension variation of B610E steel during the quenching and tempering process was simulated by ABAQUS,the coefficient of heat transfer during quenching was verified by the buried thermocouple test and the trend of the dimension variation during the quenching process was also calculated by ABAQUS. It was shown by the comparison of simulated results and industrially measured results that only the simulation of thickness and width variation was accurate, while length variation needed further simulation. Besides, the dimension variation trend was identical with the measured results.

Laser Beam Welding of 600 MPa Quenched and Tempered High-Strength Steel

Conventional fusion arc welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steel can be improved through the use of non-conventional laser beam welding. This article presents the investigations of autogenous bead on plate and butt CO2 Laser Welding (LW) of 7 mm thick high-strength quenched and tempered low alloy SM570 (JIS) steel plates. The influence of laser welding parameters, mainly welding speed, defocusing distance and shielding gas flow rate on the weld profile, i.e., weld zone penetration depth and width, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints was determined. All welded joints showed smooth and uniform weld beads free from superficial porosity and undercuts. The selected best welding conditions were a laser power of 5.0 kW, welding speed of 500 mm/min, argon gas shielding flow rate of 30 L/min and a defocusing distance of -0.5 mm. It was observed that these conditions gave complete penetration and minimized the width of the weld bead. The microstructure of the welded joints was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near weld metal achieved maximum hardness (355 HV). The tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa.

Cold Cracking of Flux Cored Arc Welded Armour Grade High Strength Steel Weldments

In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables on the factors that influence cold cracking of armour grade quenched and tempered （Q＆.T） steel welds. Flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process were used making welds using austenitic stainless steel （ASS） and low hydrogen ferritic steel （LHF） consumables. The diffusible hydrogen levels in the weld metal of the ASS and LHF consumables were determined by mercury method. Residual stresses were evaluated using X-ray stress analyzer and implant test was carried out to study the cold cracking of the welds. Results indicate that ASS welds offer a greater resistance to cold cracking of armour grade Q＆T steel welds.

薄规格高强度工程机械用钢板在线淬火工艺开发

通过对薄规格高强度工程机械用钢研发过程中的技术难题进行了分析,并有针对性采取了措施,使得20~29 mm厚度钢板在线淬火工艺得以成功应用。通过对轧制道次的优化提高了轧制板形、通过冷却单元上下水比、边部遮挡优化保证了冷却的均有性,通过钢板头部跟踪位置优化解决了头部过冷问题,为水冷后板形的改善创造了条件。通过头尾遮挡参数及热处理回火工艺优化,保证了钢板性能的均匀性,实现了薄规格钢板的短流程生产,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。

Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Armour Grade Q&T Steel Joints Fabricated by Flux Cored Arc Welding with Low Hydrogen Ferritic Consumables

Quenched and Tempered （Q＆T） steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking （HIC） and softening in the heat affected zone （HAZ） after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel （ASS） consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy to avoid HIC because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. Recent studies revealed that low hydrogen ferritic （LHF） steel consumables can also be used to weld Q＆T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits and required resistance against cold cracking. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the performance of armour grade Q＆T steel joints fabricated by flux cored arc welding with LHF steel consumables. Two different consumables namely （i） austenitic stainless steel and （ii） low hydrogen ferritic steel have been used to fabricate the joints by flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process. The joints fabricated by LHF consumable exhibited superior transverse tensile properties due to the presence of ferrite microstructure in weld metal. The joints fabricated by ASS consumable showed higher impact toughness due to the presence of austenitic phase in weld metal microstructure. The HAZ softening in coarse grain heat affected zone （CGHAZ） is less in the joints fabricated using LHF consumable due to the lower heat input involved during fabrication compared to the joints fabricated using ASS consumables.

14.9级高强度汽车紧固件用钢42CrMoVNb调质工艺研究

通过化学成分分析、金相组织观察以及硬度和力学性能测试,对14.9级高强度汽车紧固件用钢42CrMoVNb的不同调质工艺结果进行分析。研究表明,42CrMoVNb钢在580~600℃回火时,硬度和强度无明显下降,由于在580℃左右回火会产生二次硬化现象;而回火温度高于600℃时强度会迅速下降。42CrMoVNb钢采用奥氏体化温度较高的Q9工艺比采用奥氏体化温度低的Q3工艺得到的晶粒度要粗,且奥氏体化温度越高,其强度和硬度也越高。42CrMoVNb钢的最佳调质工艺为940℃×40 min,油冷+590℃×60 min,空冷和940℃×45 min,油冷+595℃×90 min,空冷。

700 MPa级薄规格免调质高强钢板的生产实践

通过“高Ti+Mo”合金成分设计、优化加热和TMCP轧制工艺、轧后保温罩缓冷、高效回火等措施,实现了4~12 mm薄规格免调质高强钢稳定生产。结果显示:试验钢板表面质量良好,不平度≤1 mm/2 m。热轧态试验钢板的显微组织为铁素体、贝氏体,回火后显微组织近乎全部为铁素体和粒状碳化物,屈服强度776 MPa,抗拉强度822 MPa,断后延伸率20.9%。试验钢板顺利通过中船重工725所的焊接评定认证,焊接接头各项性能良好。

Development of SA-533 Type B CL. 1+SA-240 Type 304L roll-bonded clad steel plate for safety injection tank of CAP1400 nuclear power plant

Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.

G115Cr14Mo4V和8Cr4Mo4V淬回火工艺及性能研究

采用不同淬回火工艺对高温不锈轴承钢G115Cr14Mo4V和高温轴承钢8Cr4Mo4V进行热处理,观察两者的显微组织,检测淬火、回火后的硬度和残余奥氏体含量,并对高温硬度、冲击功和滚动接触疲劳寿命进行测试。结果表明:淬回火后G115Cr14Mo4V钢的室温硬度稍高于8Cr4Mo4V钢,两者的残余奥氏体含量都可控制在3%以内;在高温硬度和滚动接触疲劳额定寿命L10方面,G115Cr14Mo4V钢优于8Cr4Mo4V钢;在冲击功方面,8Cr4Mo4V钢优于G115Cr14Mo4V钢。

淬火温度和回火工艺对4Cr5Mo2V钢高温耐磨性能的影响

将4Cr5Mo2V钢在1000~1090℃下淬火,并通过不同温度2次回火处理将相同淬火温度下试验钢的回火硬度分别调整至55,52 HRC,研究了淬火温度和回火工艺对显微组织、冲击韧性和高温(350℃)耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:回火硬度相同时,淬火温度过高或过低均会降低试验钢的韧性而加剧磨损表面材料剥落,从而降低耐磨性能;相同回火硬度下,1030℃淬火条件下试验钢的韧性和高温耐磨性能最好,1090℃淬火条件下最差;淬火温度相同时,较低温度回火试验钢因具有较高回火硬度,能够起到支撑表面氧化层的作用,其耐磨性能比较高温度回火时好;4Cr5Mo2V钢的推荐热处理工艺为1030℃×30 min油淬+560℃×2 h×2次回火。

调质工艺对低碳微合金钢管组织及性能的影响

为提高管材的强度、韧性和抗疲劳性能,针对给定成分的低碳微合金钢管开展不同调质热处理工艺下管材组织性能试验研究。结果显示:不同淬火保温时间、回火温度、回火保温时间对钢管组织及力学性能均有影响,而回火温度和回火保温时间的影响更为明显,回火温度升高,回火保温时间延长,材料的强度下降,塑性、韧性随之上升;实验室调质试验,样管加热至930℃、保温4 min、水冷,600℃回火、保温6 min,调质后样管屈服强度为940 MPa,抗拉强度为1055 MPa,断后伸长率为18.4%,达到130 ksi钢管拉伸性能的标准要求,且具有良好的塑性及抗弯曲疲劳性能,整体力学性能显著提升。

热轧态H13钢调质工艺参数模拟计算与实验验证

利用JMatPro软件,模拟计算得到热轧态H13钢平衡相组成、奥氏体连续加热转变(continuous heating transformation diagram of austenite,TTA)曲线图、过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变(continuous cooling transformation diagram,CCT)曲线图、淬透性曲线、碳化物和相转变曲线;结合性能要求,确定H13钢的调质工艺参数范围,并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:H13钢经1 050℃淬火后得到的最高硬度为53.4洛氏硬度(Rockwell Hardness C,HRC),50 mm处仍保持45 HRC以上的较高硬度;H13钢随着冷速的提升强度和硬度略有升高;现企业选用的工艺参数(1 050℃+45 min淬火,630℃+100 min回火)可行。

不同热处理工艺对耐磨钢复合板界面影响的研究

淬火+低温回火的热处理工艺是耐磨钢复合板的重要工艺,本文研究NM500/Q345/NM500复合板进行不同淬火+回火热处理试验。借助超景深光学显微镜(OM)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等设备,分析了不同热处理(淬火+回火)工艺参数下复合界面处的微观形貌特征、界面元素分布、缺陷成分和显微硬度,研究发现:淬火后复合板结合界面整体复合效果较好。淬火温度的增加促使界面的孔洞明显减小或者消失;同时,原始奥氏体出现长大的倾向,板条束马氏体组织明显增多,板条块减小,复合板耐磨钢层的硬度先增大再减小。

提升弹簧钢性能的研究与分析

弹簧钢因其具有优异的弹性和韧性,广泛应用于汽车制造、钢轨固定等领域。为了进一步优化弹簧钢性能及质量,生产厂家有必要展开相关技术研究。基于此,通过分析弹簧钢轧制的特点、化学成分、相变规律、高温力学性能和奥氏体动态再结晶等方面,对弹簧钢的基本性能进行研究。以55Si2MnV弹簧钢为例,对淬火阶段热处理工艺、回火阶段热处理工艺进行总结,通过热处理工艺提升弹簧钢性能,以期为提升弹簧钢性能研究提供参考。

工程机械用960 MPa级调质钢板的淬火工艺研究

以屈服强度960 MPa级高强调质钢板开发为目标,研究了淬火热处理制度对试验钢显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明：再加热淬火温度及保温时间决定了合金元素的溶解分布状态以及原奥氏体晶粒尺寸,最终影响了试验钢的综合力学性能,当淬火温度为900℃,保温15~25 min左右时试验钢具有优良的性能,即屈服强度Rp0.2=1 110 MPa,抗拉强度Rm=1 140 MPa,伸长率A=14%,-40℃冲击功AkV=130 J,各项指标均满足国标GB/T16270—2009的要求.

590MPa高强度厚钢板的调质工艺参数研究

研究了５９０ＭＰａ级工程机械用高强度厚钢板调质工艺参数。分析在不同淬火、回火温度条件下钢板的组织与力学性能的关系。该钢在９２０℃淬火、５８０℃回火获得细的回火索氏体，其综合力学性能均超过标准要求。

30Mn水淬钢调质热处理工艺的研究

测定了30Mn钢的CCT曲线和淬透性。研究表明,当冷却速度大于60℃/s时,能得到50%以上的马氏体组织,淬透性能满足Φ245mm×13.84mm以下油井管的要求。在此基础上研究了不同的回火温度、回火保温时间、淬火温度和淬火保温时间对30Mn钢组织性能的影响规律,制订了实验室条件下的调质热处理工艺,并进行了试验研究。结果表明,经此调质工艺处理后,材料的力学性能达到了API5CT标准要求。作为水淬钢种,30Mn钢可用来生产N80Q钢级的油井管。

控轧控冷工艺对F40MnV非调质钢组织及性能的影响

研究了不同的控轧工艺参数对非调质钢组织结构的影响规律,并在非调质钢零件不同部位采用强化控冷技术进行锻后冷却,得到了优化的非调质钢控轧控冷技术。结果表明:非调质钢转向节零件局部强化控冷技术能显著提高零件局部的综合力学性能;在1273～1373 K下,随着应变量ε在0.22～1.61内增加,实验钢原奥氏体晶粒从26～12μm逐渐细化,在该条件下峰值应变约为0.3;在1173～1473 K范围内随着变形温度的降低,变形抗力增大,峰值应变也随之增大,材料原奥氏体晶粒尺寸在20～11μm内逐渐减小;在增大锻压比和局部风冷两种工艺配合下,F40MnV钢可获得较好的综合力学性能。

淬火及回火工艺对中锰钢组织和性能的影响

通过热处理工艺实验及SEM与TEM组织观察,研究了不同淬火及回火工艺对碳锰钢与中锰钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,提高锰含量显著降低了实验钢的Ac1和Ac3温度,缩小了两相区范围;随着淬火温度的升高,实验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度有所降低;随着回火时间的增加,实验钢的冲击功升高;碳锰钢与中锰钢最优淬火温度分别为800~900℃和750~800℃,其屈服强度、抗拉强度分别为818、847和820、878 MPa,-40℃的冲击功在200 J左右,均具有良好的综合性能,中锰钢具有低成本、高强度及高韧性的综合优势。两种实验钢均可获得细小均匀的马氏体组织,马氏体板条束交错分布,随着回火时间的增加,实验钢中大尺寸碳化物的数量有所降低。

回火温度对1500MPa级Nb-Ti低合金直接淬火钢组织与性能的影响

通过低成本成分设计,在控制轧制的基础上,应用直接淬火+回火工艺制得抗拉强度1 500 MPa级经济型低合金高强高韧钢,测定了该合金成分体系的连续冷却转变曲线,研究了不同回火温度对直接淬火钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着回火温度的升高,试验钢抗拉强度逐渐下降,屈服强度先升高后降低,-40℃冲击功则呈现出先升高、后降低、再升高的趋势.回火温度为200℃时,试验钢获得了最优的综合力学性能,抗拉强度达到1 730 MPa,屈服强度为1 400 MPa,-40℃冲击功为43 J.