Control system design of hybrid fuel cell city bus

This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.

Review of Key Technologies and Applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems

The development of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)is closely intertwined with the growth of every city,serving as a critical component of smart city construction.This paper provides a concise overview of the concept and overall framework of smart transportation.It emphasizes the application of key technologies,including Traffic Element Identification and Perception,data mining,and Smart Transportation System Integration Technology,in the field.Furthermore,the paper elucidates the current practical applications of smart transportation,showcasing its advancements and implementations in real-world scenarios.

Charging Ahead with E-Buses: Benefits, Costs, and Transition Roadmap

This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.

A Systematic Review of Automated Classification for Simple and Complex Query SQL on NoSQL Database

A data lake(DL),abbreviated as DL,denotes a vast reservoir or repository of data.It accumulates substantial volumes of data and employs advanced analytics to correlate data from diverse origins containing various forms of semi-structured,structured,and unstructured information.These systems use a flat architecture and run different types of data analytics.NoSQL databases are nontabular and store data in a different manner than the relational table.NoSQL databases come in various forms,including key-value pairs,documents,wide columns,and graphs,each based on its data model.They offer simpler scalability and generally outperform traditional relational databases.While NoSQL databases can store diverse data types,they lack full support for atomicity,consistency,isolation,and durability features found in relational databases.Consequently,employing machine learning approaches becomes necessary to categorize complex structured query language(SQL)queries.Results indicate that the most frequently used automatic classification technique in processing SQL queries on NoSQL databases is machine learning-based classification.Overall,this study provides an overview of the automatic classification techniques used in processing SQL queries on NoSQL databases.Understanding these techniques can aid in the development of effective and efficient NoSQL database applications.

Analysis of Commuting Modal Shift in Consideration of Social Interaction of Consciousness for Environment

It is the matter for achievement of the low carbon transport system that the excessive use of private vehicles can be controlled appropriately.Not only improvement of service level of modes except private vehicle,but also consciousness for environmental problem of individual trip maker is important for eco-commuting promotion.On the other hand,consciousness for environment would be changed by influence of other person.Accordingly,it is aimed in the study that the structure of decision-making process for modal shift to the eco-commuting mode in the local city is described considering environmental consciousness and social interaction.For the purpose,the consciousness for the environment problem and the travel behavior of the commuter at the suburban area in the local city are investigated by the questionnaire survey.The covariance structure about the eco-consciousness is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey by structural equation modeling.As the result,it can be confirmed with the structural equation model that the individual environmental consciousness is strongly related with the intention of self-sacrifice and is influenced with the local interaction of the individual connections.On the other hand,the intention of modal shift for the commuting mode is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey.It can be found out that the environmental consciousness is not statistically significant for commuting mode choice with the present poor level of service of public transport.However,the intention of self-sacrifice for the prevention of the global warming is statistically confirmed as the factor of modal shift with the operation of eco-commuting bus service with the RP/SP integrated estimation method.As the result,the multi-agent simulation system with social interaction model for eco consciousness is developed to measure the effect of the eco-commuting promotion.For the purpose,the carbon dioxide emission is estimated based on traffic demand and road network condition in the traffic environment model.On the other hand,the relation between agents is defined based on the small world network.The proposed multi-agent simulation is applied to measure the effect of the eco-commuting promotion such as improvement of level of service on the public transport or education of eco-consciousness.The effect of the promotion plan can be observed with the proposed multi-agent system.Finally,it can be concluded that the proposed multi-agent simulation with social interaction for eco-consciousness is useful for planning of eco-commuting promotion.

Power-balancing Instantaneous Optimization Energy Management for a Novel Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Bus

Energy management（EM） is a core technique of hybrid electric bus（HEB） in order to advance fuel economy performance optimization and is unique for the corresponding configuration. There are existing algorithms of control strategy seldom take battery power management into account with international combustion engine power management. In this paper, a type of power-balancing instantaneous optimization（PBIO） energy management control strategy is proposed for a novel series-parallel hybrid electric bus. According to the characteristic of the novel series-parallel architecture, the switching boundary condition between series and parallel mode as well as the control rules of the power-balancing strategy are developed. The equivalent fuel model of battery is implemented and combined with the fuel of engine to constitute the objective function which is to minimize the fuel consumption at each sampled time and to coordinate the power distribution in real-time between the engine and battery. To validate the proposed strategy effective and reasonable, a forward model is built based on Matlab/Simulink for the simulation and the dSPACE autobox is applied to act as a controller for hardware in-the-loop integrated with bench test. Both the results of simulation and hardware-in-the-loop demonstrate that the proposed strategy not only enable to sustain the battery SOC within its operational range and keep the engine operation point locating the peak efficiency region, but also the fuel economy of series-parallel hybrid electric bus（SPHEB） dramatically advanced up to 30.73% via comparing with the prototype bus and a similar improvement for PBIO strategy relative to rule-based strategy, the reduction of fuel consumption is up to 12.38%. The proposed research ensures the algorithm of PBIO is real-time applicability, improves the efficiency of SPHEB system, as well as suite to complicated configuration perfectly.

Half‑Power Prediction and Its Application on the Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell City Bus

The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen consumption,the aim is to propose fuel cell city bus power and control system.The underlying idea is to determine the target power of fuel cell through simulation study on fuel cell and battery energy management strategy and road test verifications.A half-power prediction energy management strategy is implemented to predict the target power of the fuel cell in the current time step based on the demand power of the vehicle and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery in the previous time steps.This offers better understanding of the correlation between fuel cell power and vehicle drive cycle for enabling effective power supply management.The research results show that the half-power prediction energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle by 7.1%and the number of battery cycle by 6.0%,compared to the stepped manage-ment strategy of battery SOC.When applied to a 12-m fuel cell city bus—F12,specially designed and manufactured for the Winter Olympic Games in 2022—the fuel economy of 3.7 kg/100 km is achieved in urban road conditions.This study lays a foundation for providing the powertrain configuration and energy management strategy of fuel cell city bus.

Development of New Modality Municipal Public Transportation for Guangzhou——Group Rapid Transit System as Supplementary Linkage from Guangzhou City Center to its Eastern Tourism Zone

As one of the primary business centers of China, Guangzhou has been undergoing rapid growth and expansion. Over the past decade, the Guangzhou Municipality Government has significantly upgraded its transport infrastructure, especially with the highly beneficial expansion of its Subway Mass Rapid Transit(MRT) system.Positive steps have also been taken to continue planning the construction of new roads, a Bus Rapid Transit(BRT)system and other transportation facilities. Further administrative and regulatory measures have also been implemented to control the situation, such as the banning of motorcycles from the central city area and the limitation of new automobile registrations. However, Guangzhou continues to face serious challenges of traffic congestion in and around the city center owing to further intensification of its population with economic growth. The need to ease Guangzhou's stretched public transportation resources,and at the same time to support the realization of its"Eastward Advance" strategy, presents a unique challenge and opportunity to develop an advanced high-efficiency public transportation modality for Guangzhou, viz. the Group Rapid Transit(GRT) involving the use of automation-guided(driverless) smart-vehicles. This paper outlines the PRT/GRT(PRT: Personal Rapid Transit) smart-vehicle modality and also puts forth a proposal of Guangzhou's first GRT route as the city's first dedicated transportation link to the scenic landscape of the Eastern Tourism Zone.This GRT route will help in diffusing the city's traffic congestion as well as support the effectuation of Guangzhou's "Eastern Expansion" strategy, supplementing the ongoing expansion of the Guangzhou Municipality's subway MRT networks.

用于大气污染扩散模拟的虚拟地理环境构建研究

重点开展基于虚拟地理环境的空气污染扩散模拟与交互操作研究,为城市空气污染的管理和时空动态模拟提供一个良好的可视化分析环境。以珠江三角洲空气污染为案例,建立虚拟地理环境原型系统,开展空气污染动态扩散模拟,进行实时交互查询与分析,实验结果证明,本文的方案能够逼真地模拟大气污染扩散过程,能较好地揭示城市群间空气污染的相互影响规律。

我国土地登记信息公开查询服务系统研究

土地信息公开查询是我国日益增加的公众对于土地信息需求和政务公开的要求.文章从分析我国现有的土地信息公开查询系统开始,首先研究了土地登记信息公开查询系统开发设计的原则,接着对系统的用户进行分析并进行了分类,明确了各类用户的功能需求,然后在剖析系统需求的基础上对土地信息公开查询系统的功能模块进行划分,并以宁波市土地信息公开查询系统为例对本文的研究结果进行了实证研究,希望能对我国土地信息公开查询系统的开发和研究提供帮助.

基于Web2.0的公交信息查询系统的设计与实现

介绍了基于Web 2.0的公交信息查询系统的设计和实现.该系统实现了线路、站点数据信息管理,以及换乘查询功能,并且在浏览器中的Google Maps上能够显示公交线路和车站及其相关信息.

城市应急平台地名查询方法研究

进入21世纪,我国应急平台建设有了长足的发展,各地纷纷建立起了公共应急平台,作为应对突发公共安全事件的综合调度指挥系统。为了实现高效、快捷、全面的地名查询定位,对当前应急平台的地名查询方法进行了研究,并设计了基于中文地址的地理编码模型,实现了城市应急平台中基于地理编码的地址匹配应用。

一种支持机场反劫机事件的3DCM的设计与实现

本文以机场反劫机为例设计了一种城市重要目标反恐战场环境的三维可视化和查询工具。该工具将虚拟环境中的地理要素以三维和二维的图形、图像表达出来,主要采用边界模型作为建立3维目标的数据结构,并利用DDE技术连接三维场景中的景物和二维GIS的关系数据库存储属性并实现查询功能。其特点是利用简单的DDE方式实现了3D场景数据和属性数据双向查询,充分利用了已经建成的2DGIS的成熟功能和现有资源。

基于GIS的城市户外广告管理探索与实现

国内户外广告行业管理处于传统的文字,数字模式,不仅数据管理没有直观感受,增加管理工作量,而且很难依据这些数据做出对该行业市场的拓展分析与预测。基于这种现状,本文引入了GIS技术,并将它与该行业现有的MIS技术相结合,对城市户外广告的管理GIS模式进行了初步探索,提出了该模式的管理系统模型,并针对该模型的可行性进行了分析,并得出了可靠结论。

基于Android平台的城市公交查询系统的设计与实现

为了提高城市公交信息化水平,方便智能手机用户查询城市公交信息,在深入进行需求分析的基础上,基于Android开发平台,给出了以南通城市为例的城市公交查询系统的设计与实现过程,实现了公交线路查询、公交站点查询和公交换乘查询等功能。该系统使用Android软件开发工具包和SQLite数据库进行开发,应用程序代码实现基于Java语言。该系统已经在Android智能手机上测试通过。

基于IOS的城市公交图形查询系统的设计

在快速发展的现代都市生活中,人们追求着各种经济利益最大化,资源成本最小化,出行也都需要进行安排和考量,根据以上需求,设计一款有关出行查询的城市公交查询系统软件。该软件提供线路查询、站点查询、线路或站点收藏、地图信息查询等功能,根据用户个人喜好可更换界面主题颜色,根据用户所在城市,自动定位,切换城市公交数据。通过以上功能的设计与开发满足用户出行需求与体验。

基于天地图的智慧公交移动APP设计与实现

针对太原市智慧公交系统建设的需求,基于天地图移动API和IOS平台,研发了一款智慧公交移动APP.APP提供静态公交查询、实时公交查询、周边公交查询和公交换乘查询等公交查询服务和周边兴趣点查询、天气查询和交通管理通知公告等增值服务.解决传统公交运营管理不能满足公众对出行信息的需求问题,做到了智慧出行.

A hybrid dynamic programming-rule based algorithm for real-time energy optimization of plug-in hybrid electric bus

The optimization of the control strategy of a plug-in hybrid electric bus(PHEB) for the repeatedly driven bus route is a key technique to improve the fuel economy. The widely used rule-based(RB) control strategy is lacking in the global optimization property, while the global optimization algorithms have an unacceptable computation complexity for real-time application. Therefore, a novel hybrid dynamic programming-rule based(DPRB) algorithm is brought forward to solve the global energy optimization problem in a real-time controller of PHEB. Firstly, a control grid is built up for a given typical city bus route, according to the station locations and discrete levels of battery state of charge(SOC). Moreover, the decision variables for the energy optimization at each point of the control grid might be deduced from an off-line dynamic programming(DP) with the historical running information of the driving cycle. Meanwhile, the genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to replace the quantization process of DP permissible control set to reduce the computation burden. Secondly, with the optimized decision variables as control parameters according to the position and battery SOC of a PHEB, a RB control is used as an implementable controller for the energy management. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DPRB might distribute electric energy more reasonably throughout the bus route, compared with the optimized RB. The proposed hybrid algorithm might give a practicable solution, which is a tradeoff between the applicability of RB and the global optimization property of DP.

基于高德地图API的邯郸市旅游景点查询平台设计

为了方便游客出行并且快速有效地获取广泛分布邯郸市的旅游景点信息,利用高德地图应用程序接口(API)提供的基本地图、位置搜索.周边搜索等功能,以及景点信息采集、景点信息查询、高德地图显示等主要技术,通过引入在线地图服务商的地图服务,与可视化级别将地理数据与旅游景点属性数据相结合,构建了基于开放地图API的WebGIS技术的邯郸市旅游景点信息共享展示及查询平台,并实现了邯郸市旅游景点查询过程的可视化。

一种城市交通最优路径查询平台的分析与设计

城市公共交通工具有公交、地铁、小车(出租车)、共享单车,如何有效选择交通工具,使整个行经路线是用户满意的出行方式。基于此,本文提出了将公交、地铁、共享单车的站点、线路融为一体,根据实际需要分析、设计一套城市交通路径查询平台。该平台具有站点、线路、换乘、最优路径查询等功能,后期将基于Android系统进行实现。