Operational requirements analysis method based on question answering of WEKG

The weapon and equipment operational requirement analysis(WEORA) is a necessary condition to win a future war,among which the acquisition of knowledge about weapons and equipment is a great challenge. The main challenge is that the existing weapons and equipment data fails to carry out structured knowledge representation, and knowledge navigation based on natural language cannot efficiently support the WEORA. To solve above problem, this research proposes a method based on question answering(QA) of weapons and equipment knowledge graph(WEKG) to construct and navigate the knowledge related to weapons and equipment in the WEORA. This method firstly constructs the WEKG, and builds a neutral network-based QA system over the WEKG by means of semantic parsing for knowledge navigation. Finally, the method is evaluated and a chatbot on the QA system is developed for the WEORA. Our proposed method has good performance in the accuracy and efficiency of searching target knowledge, and can well assist the WEORA.

Question classification in question answering based on real-world web data sets

To improve question answering （QA） performance based on real-world web data sets,a new set of question classes and a general answer re-ranking model are defined.With pre-defined dictionary and grammatical analysis,the question classifier draws both semantic and grammatical information into information retrieval and machine learning methods in the form of various training features,including the question word,the main verb of the question,the dependency structure,the position of the main auxiliary verb,the main noun of the question,the top hypernym of the main noun,etc.Then the QA query results are re-ranked by question class information.Experiments show that the questions in real-world web data sets can be accurately classified by the classifier,and the QA results after re-ranking can be obviously improved.It is proved that with both semantic and grammatical information,applications such as QA, built upon real-world web data sets, can be improved,thus showing better performance.

Question Formation and Focus Construction in Owo：A Yoruba Dialect

Question formation and focusing are two transformational processes attested in Standard Yoruba both of which have been extensively discussed in previous studies.However, very little is known about these concepts in Owo (〇w〇) a south-East Yoruba (Yoruba) dialect. This study examines the concept of questions and focusing in (^)w〇) dialect with a comparison of the processes in Standard Yoruba. The study revealed some differences as well as similarities in the two processes in (J)w^ and standard Yoruba. Just like in Standard Yoruba, question markers in 〇wo normally occur in sentence initial and final positions. However, the question marker de constantly appears sentence medially before and before verbs in certain constructions. Furthermore, while the focus marker in Yoruba normally occurs immediately after the focused item with a stable form, the focus marker in (w o usually occurs at the sentence final position as a reduplicated form of the last syllable of the final item. Also, a pronoun which indicates number and agreement usually occurs immediately after the focused item in (wo. Finally, just like in YorUba,there is a syntactic relationship between question and focusing in (w o dialect.

Development of a Best Answer Recommendation Model in a Community Question Answering (CQA) System

In this work, a best answer recommendation model is proposed for a Question Answering (QA) system. A Community Question Answering System was subsequently developed based on the model. The system applies Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem to prove the existence of the desired voter scoring function and Normalized Google Distance (NGD) to show closeness between words before an answer is suggested to users. Answers are ranked according to their Fixed-Point Score (FPS) for each question. Thereafter, the highest scored answer is chosen as the FPS Best Answer (BA). For each question asked by user, the system applies NGD to check if similar or related questions with the best answer had been asked and stored in the database. When similar or related questions with the best answer are not found in the database, Brouwer Fixed point is used to calculate the best answer from the pool of answers on a question then the best answer is stored in the NGD data-table for recommendation purpose. The system was implemented using PHP scripting language, MySQL for database management, JQuery, and Apache. The system was evaluated using standard metrics: Reciprocal Rank, Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) and Discounted Cumulative Gain (DCG). The system eliminated longer waiting time faced by askers in a community question answering system. The developed system can be used for research and learning purposes.

A Self-reflection on the Questioning in the English Class in Vocational College

Questioning is a indispensible part of classroom teaching and a measurement of classroom performance in our vocational college. But there is not enough importance had attached on it in the author's class. In this essay,the author researched on previous theories and peer studies on questioning,in accordance on the specific situation of our college,trying to figure out how to improve the questioning behavior in the class.

A Conversation Analytic Study of Question Design in Mandarin Chinese

Questions are pervasive in ordinary conversation as well as in institutional interaction.Based on a corpus of 721 questions in Mandarin Chinese conversation,this article firstly reviews previous studies on questions at home and abroad and gives a brief definition of questions in Conversation Analysis,then expounds the linguistic formats of questions in Mandarin Chinese,and lastly explores the social actions implemented by these questions in Mandarin Chinese conversation.

A Research on Different Classroom Questioning Strategies Between Chinese and Foreign EFL Teachers

The application of questioning as a teaching tool has always been considered as a main part of the teaching process.Based on the viewpoint of several researchers,a survey was conducted on the application of different questioning strategies by Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in a middle school,in order to determine their effects on students’language learning output and propose measures to optimize Chinese teachers’questioning strategies for improving students’learning efficiency.This research provides preliminary results based on the data collected from the video recordings of class sessions,a questionnaire,and an interview.According to the analysis,the questioning strategies differ between Chinese and foreign EFL teachers in many aspects,such as in information seeking,offering,modification,adjustment,feedback,and so forth.

Review and Perspective of Questioned Document Examination Research-Bibliometric Analysis Based on Visual Knowledge Mapping

Background:Questioned document examination(QDE)is a crucial sub-discipline of forensic science,and over the years,this discipline has developed a vast amount of research results and literature.However,the current studies have only reviewed the development of QDE for a period of time or a particular research direction,lacking a comprehensive review of this discipline since its origins.Aim:The aim of this study is to utilize bibliometric methods to review the history and development of QDE since 1934 and also to predict its future research trends.Materials:This study collects the literature of questioned document examination(QDE)from the Web of Science Core Collection database and uses four bibliometric analysis tools:CiteSpace,VOSviewer,SciMAT,and Bibliometric,to process relevant literature data.Methods:Through the analysis methods of journal co-citation analysis,keyword co-occurrence network analysis,literature cocitation analysis,and theme evolutionary analysis,the bibliometric data information in the QDE field is obtained,and a visualized knowledge mapping is constructed.Results:The results show that four research directions have been formed,basically.As far as the development trend of QDE research is concerned,the research field shows the change in content from cursory to detailed and in analysis from qualitative to quantitative,while the research field maintains a close relationship with chemical technology and computer science.Conclusions:The changes in QDE can be attributed to advancements in science and technology,which have influenced research methods.QDE also has a legal aspect,with a focus on enhancing scientific accuracy and evidentiary value.These developments aim to strengthen QDE’s identification power and promote its scientific and standardized growth.This will gradually enhance the reliability and strength of QDE evidence,making it more valuable in judicial practice.

旅游自动问答系统中多任务问句分类研究

目前旅游产业信息化建设需要构建旅游自动问答系统,其中问句分类是问答系统的重要组成部分,传统问句类别体系角度单一,且传统分类模型对不平衡的问句数据集表现欠佳。针对这一问题,该文从问题主题和问句答案类型两个角度构建了旅游领域的问句类别体系架构,并提出多任务问句分类模型MT-Bert,在BERT上进行多任务训练,并加入自注意力机制,使用Softmax分类器,并设计了多任务融合损失函数。在山西旅游数据集的结果表明,MT-Bert在两种类别体系的微平均F1值分别为97.6%、91.7%,且避免了非平衡数据的预测失败问题,可以有效处理非平衡数据。

Exploring the Effects of Mental Imagery in the Solution Focused Approach

This study examined the effects of mental imagery in the solution-focused approach by evaluating the impact of positive self-image about the future on emotional states using the time machine question (which is a questioning technique used in the solution-focused approach). We compared the change in the emotional state of 270 participants, using the Japanese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), before and after the intervention. The intervention conditions included: verbal description of one’s positive future on a worksheet (the language description condition), and imagining one’s positive future (the imagery condition). The results of the experiment showed that after the intervention, the scores of the imagery group on the positive and negative affect scales of the PANAS were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of the language description group. We also found that the amount of change in the scores of the positive and negative affect scales of the PANAS was significantly larger in the imagery group as compared to the language description group. These results indicate that interventions involving the imagining of one’s future via the time machine question of the solution-focused approach have a more direct impact on emotional states than interventions using a language description. This suggests that mental imagery plays an important role in interventions carried out within the framework of the solution-focused approach.

基于学习通和在线判题系统的程序设计课程考核系统研究

程序设计课程是大部分工科专业的基础课程,对后续专业课程学习非常重要。为了提高课程的教学效果,结合学习通和在线判题系统对课程内容、实践环节等进行研究与探索,根据学校教学特点设计了一款在线判题系统。该系统基于ThinkPHP框架搭建,使用目前流行的B/S架构,最终以网页形式提供给教师与学生实践操作。学生通过该系统能获得测评实时反馈,增强了学习自主性,提高了编程能力,并减少了教师的工作量。

“宏观辨识与微观探析”在化学试题中的考查特点分析——以2023年天津市普通高中学业水平等级性考试化学试题为例

聚焦“宏观辨识与微观探析”这一化学学科核心素养,以2023年天津市普通高中学业水平等级性考试化学试题为研究对象,参考已有学者对于“宏观辨识与微观探析”学科核心素养水平的划分思路,对试题考查特点及考生作答情况进行分析。结果表明:试题中对“物质与变化的认知”要素的考查侧重低水平考查,基础题较多;对“结构与本质的阐释”“分析与表征的运用”等两个要素的考查均侧重中等水平的考查,中等难度试题较多。基于这一结果,提出如下教学改进建议:精通课标,定向施教;深究教材,固本培元;强化实验,激发探究;数字赋能,创新手段;整合知识,科学思维。

2021—2023年高考物理试题与《课程标准》一致性研究

采用SEC模式,对2021—2023年高考物理全国甲卷、乙卷与《课程标准》进行一致性研究。结果表明:6套试卷中的重点知识和主干知识内容与《课程标准》的一致性程度较高,认知水平与《课程标准》的一致性也较高,符合高考这一选拔性考试的特点;试卷内容主题呈现了集中度较高、稳定性较强的特点,注重考查重点和主干知识;试卷整体认知水平与《课程标准》一致性较高,符合学业质量标准要求,但不同模块试题的认知水平与《课程标准》的一致性存在偏差。基于此,建议物理教学严格依据《课程标准》要求,强化必备知识教学,培养学生核心素养;创设丰富的教学情境,聚焦学生物理能力与思维品质;合理设计教学梯度,注重学习进阶发展,提升学业质量水平。

指向高阶思维能力培养的高考生物学开放性试题分析及启示

开放性试题有着结论开放、情境真实以及要求学生通过复杂认知活动完成作答的特点,是考查学生高阶思维能力的重要题型之一。广东省2023年高考生物学试题中出现了多道开放性试题,通过对试题的分析发现其对学生的多项高阶思维能力展开了考查,也对开放性试题的命制和课堂教学有一定的借鉴意义。

小学职前教师提问能力现状及应对策略研究——基于修订后的布卢姆教育目标分类学理论

提问能力是教师教育实践能力的重要组成部分,能够提出高质量问题并有效进行提问是一名合格教师应具备的基本素质之一。本研究使用修订后的布卢姆教育目标分类表对小学教育专业大四年级学生(n=10)执教的10节语文课中的提问进行分析,发现加强教师教育者示范引领作用能帮助师范生树立正确的提问观;重视教育实践情境创设,能提高师范生课内外训练的主动性和积极性;重构课堂教学模式可以促进师范生在不断反思中提高课堂教学提问能力。

面向儿科医学试题的答案解析自动推荐方法研究

目的/意义探索并实现儿科医学试题答案的自动化解析,提高试题答案解析编撰效率与质量。方法/过程提出一种隐性语义索引、MC-BERT和CoSENT模型相结合的方法。首先使用基于隐性语义索引的方法和MC-BERT模型从参考文档中抽取多个候选答案解析,然后利用CoSENT模型计算候选解析、试题题干和答案选项之间的相似度,选取相似度最高的候选解析作为最终答案解析。结果/结论该方法答案解析精确率达到72.6%,相较单一方法或模型明显提高查全率和精确率,有效提高了编撰试题答案解析的效率,减轻教育工作者负担,并可为教育研究提供重要的数据支持。

关节镜日间手术患者延续护理需求问卷的编制及信度、效度检验

目的 编制关节镜日间手术患者延续护理需求问卷,并检验其信度、效度,为临床提供评估工具。方法 2022年8月—12月以奥马哈问题分类系统为指导框架,通过文献回顾、质性访谈建立问卷条目池,选择全国6个省市临床护理、护理管理、临床医学、康复医学等6个领域的15名专家,采用德尔菲法对该问卷进行两轮专家函询构建问卷初稿;2023年3月—8月采用便利抽样法,选取山东省济南市4所三级甲等综合医院的280例关节镜日间手术患者进行问卷调查,并检验其信度与效度。结果 两轮专家函询的积极系数分别为83.33%和100.00%,权威程度系数均为0.82,该指标Kendall协调系数W分别为0.169和0.218,第一轮函询二级指标各条目的重要性均数为4.13~4.80分,该指标变异系数为0.086~0.208,满分率为33.33%~80.00%;第二轮函询二级指标各条目的重要性均数为4.20~5.00分,该指标变异系数为0.00~0.18,满分率为40%~100.00。共调查280例患者,问卷总的Cronbach α系数为0.922,折半信度为0.79;问卷总体水平的内容效度指数(scale-level content validity index,S-CVI)以及问卷条目水平的内容效度指数(item-level content validity index,I-CVI)均为1;探索性因子分析KMO值为0.925,Bartlett’s球形检验值为5456.320(P<0.001),累计方差贡献率为63.319%。经信度、效度检验后形成包含环境领域2个条目、心理社会领域5个条目、生理领域15个条目、健康相关行为领域8个条目共30个条目的正式版问卷。结论 关节镜日间手术患者延续护理需求问卷具有良好的信度、效度,适用于评估我国关节镜日间手术患者延续护理的相关需求。

关于生物技术综合应用的试题分析及教学建议--以2023年浙江选考生物学第19题为例

2023年浙江省高中学业水平考试生物学试题第19题是以基因融合和检测为主题背景的生物技术应用类试题。试题以真实的科研过程为情境,强调生物技术的综合应用,注重科学思维和科学探究素养的考查。本文分析归纳了学生出现的典型错因,根据学生暴露的主要问题,梳理了命题的主要特点,提出了相应的教学策略。

基于不平衡短文本的农业问句分类方法研究

目的解决中国农技推广信息平台、中国农业信息网等问答社区中农业问句数据快速自动分类问题.方法针对采集的农业数据集中文本长度较短、样本类别不均衡性等问题,提出了一种文本语义信息扩展的方法.根据农业问句文本的特征,该方法采用Word2Vec模型,把问句中的关键词用TextRank算法进行抽取,在Word2Vec模型中查找关键词的近义词,并对关键词进行替换,生成新的同义问句.并用深度学习模型Bi-LSTM、Bi-GRU与增加注意力机制的Bi-LSTM-Att、Bi-GRU-Att和TextRCNN 5种模型对此方法进行验证.结果对比实验结果表明,该方法在5种模型上的Precision、Recall和F1 score均有提升,尤其在Bi-LSTM-Att模型上,Acc和平均F1值分别提升了0.8和2.5个百分点.结论实验结果表明该方法可有效地解决短文本和类别分布不平衡性问题,提高了不平衡短文本分类效果.