New Design Method for Engine Cooling Fan

Aim To put forward a type of math model for optimizing fan′s twisting law.Methods This math model wu based on turbo-machinery Euler equations and calculus of variation, it was conducted for optimizing the aerodynamic parameters along the blade height of the fan, and the math method was produced for the optimization of fan's twisting law. Results The type 6102Q engine cooling fan was optimized by use of this model, and the calculation on data were contrasted with those of iso-reaction coefficiency flow type and free vortex flow type. Some probleme existing in long blade can be solved by use of above method. Conclusion The design parameters needn't be determined artificially, so calculating results are more rational to a high degree than that from other mehods.

Data mining optimization of laidback fan-shaped hole to improve film cooling performance

To improve the cooling performance, shape optimization of a laidback fan-shaped film cooling hole was performed. Three geometric parameters, including hole length, lateral expansion angle and forward expansion angle, were selected as the design parameters. Numerical model of the film cooling system was established, validated, and used to generate 32 groups of training samples. Least square support vector machine(LS-SVM) was applied for surrogate model, and the optimal design parameters were determined by a kind of chaotic optimization algorithm. As hole length, lateral expansion angle and forward expansion angle are 90 mm, 20° and 5°, the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness can reach its maximum value in the design space. LS-SVM coupled with chaotic optimization algorithm is a promising scheme for the optimization of shaped film cooling holes.

Performance and Internal Flow of Contra-Rotating Small-Sized Cooling Fan

High pressure and large flow rate small-sized cooling fans are used for servers in data centers and there is a strong demand to increase its performance because of increase of quantity of heat from servers. Contra-rotating rotors have been adopted for some of high pressure and large flow rate cooling fans to meet the demand. The performance curve of the contra-rotating small-sized cooling fan with 40 mm square casing was investigated by an experimental apparatus and its internal flow condition was clarified by the numerical analysis. The fan static pressure of the front rotor was extremely low and it increased significantly at the rear rotor. The uniform flow was achieved at the inlet of the rear rotor because of the special shape of the casing between the front and rear rotors. On the other hand, the tip leakage flow was large enough to influence on the main flow of the test cooling fan by the design specification of high pressure with compact rotor diameter.

A Numerical Investigation on the Influence of the Circular Ring on the Aerodynamic Noise Generated by a Cooling Fan

The influence of the width of the circular ring of a car cooling fan on the aerodynamic noise is investigated numerically through the determination of the overall sound pressure level(OASPL).The results demonstrate that when the circular rings cover near 2/3 of the width of the blade tips of the rotor in the axis direction,the rotor has the lowest OASPL and the related total pressure efficiency and flow mass rate are better than the corresponding values obtained for a reference rotor without a circular ring.With increasing the width of the circular ring in the axis direction,the tip vortex around the trailing edge of the blade tip becomes smaller and finally disappears.Meanwhile,a separated flow field arises gradually and then grows in size around the middle of the junction of the blade tips with the ring.When the circular rings cover nearly 2/3 s of the width of the blade tips of the fan in the axis direction,the extension of the separated flow around the blade’s tip attains a minimum.

A Cooling System with a Fan for Thermal Management of High-Power LEDs

To improve the heat dissipation of high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a cooling system with a fan is proposed. In the experiment, the LEDs array of 18 W composed of 6 LEDs of 3 W is used and the room temperature is 26oC. Results show that the temperature of the substrate of LEDs reaches 62oC without the fan, however, it reaches only 32oC when the best cooling condition appears. The temperature of the LEDs decreases by 30oC since the heat produced by LEDs is transferred rapidly by the fan. The experiment demonstrates that the cooling system with the fan has good performance.

Thermal-environment characteristics and comfort of combined radiant-floor (Korean heating system ondol) and convective cooling system

The thermal-environment characteristics of the existing forced-convection cooling system were compared with those of the convective cooling system, which combined the radiant-floor cooling system using floor-heating panel typically applied to apartments in South Korea with the forced-convection cooling system using improved fan coil unit. The subjective warm/cool-feeling responses to the combined radiant-floor and convective cooling system in the questionnaire survey conducted among the test subjects were analyzed to establish the basic data for the combined cooling system. The results show that in the thermal-equilibrium condition, the vertical air temperature difference in the model living room is larger in the forced-convection-cooling condition. Most of the subjects feel a proper warm/cool feeling on their entire body, but they feel colder on the foot and lower body in the combined-cooling condition.

The Application of Compulational Fluid Dynamics to Design of Vehicle Cooling Wind Tunnel

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)calculation model for the airflow and heat transfer in an armored vehicle cooling wind tunnel is established.A practical method to determine computation region outside power train compartment,produce grid and ensure grid quality is put forward.A commercial software FLUENT can be used to obtain solutions numerically in 3-D space.Precision of CFD calculation results is verified.The CFD model is used in designing a vehicle cooling wind tunnel,and air flow resistance of fan blast baffle is calculated.The calculated results show feasibility of the CFD model and the method.

Hybrid RANS-LES of Shaped Hole Film Cooling on an Adiabatic Flat Plate at Low Reynolds Number

Hybrid RANS-LES methods offer a means of reducing computational cost and setup time to simulate transitional flows. Several methods are evaluated in ANSYS CFX, including Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS), Shielded Detached Eddy Simulation (SDES), Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES), and Zonal Large Eddy Simulation (ZLES), along with a no-model laminar simulation. Each is used to simulate an adiabatic flat plate film cooling experiment of a shaped hole at low Reynolds number. Adiabatic effectiveness is calculated for Blowing Ratio (BR) = 1.5 and Density Ratio (DR) = 1.5. The ZLES method and laminar simulation most accurately match experimental lateral-average adiabatic effectiveness along the streamwise direction from the trailing edge of the hole to 35 hole diameters downstream of the hole (X/D = 0 to X/D = 35), with RMS deviations of 5.1% and 4.2%, and maximum deviations of 8% and 11%, respectively. The accuracy of these models is attributed to the resolution of turbulent structures in not only the mixing region but in the upstream boundary layer as well, where the other methods utilize RANS and do not switch to LES.

Modeling and Simulation of Evaporative Cooling System in Controlled Environment Greenhouse

Greenhouses are used for the main purpose of improving the environmental conditions in which plants are grown. There are many parameters can affect the growing of plants inside greenhouse, such as air temperature and relative humidity. The adjustment of these parameters is achieved by selecting appropriate control actions. This work proposes a controlling technique for greenhouse indoor temperature and relative humidity. The proposed greenhouse cooling system temperature controller is designed to adjust the air volume flow rate in pad-fan cooling system to fix the greenhouse indoor temperature at 20?C and 70% relative humidity. The designed control technique is realized to ensure the required and continuous operation of the greenhouse. Moreover, this work present, a complete mathematical modeling and simulation of cooling system is introduced. In addition, a computer model based on MATLAB SIMULINK software has been used to predict the temperature and relative humidity profiles inside the greenhouse. The results are realized the requirements of the greenhouse cooling system environment.

冷却风扇气动性能及噪声模拟与试验验证

为评估冷却风扇气动性能及噪声,以某摩托车用轴流式冷却风扇为研究对象,应用计算流体力学和计算声学方法,采用流体分析软件STAR-CCM+和噪声分析软件Virtual Lab对风扇性能及噪声开展研究,并与风扇性能和噪声试验数据对比验证计算模型的可靠性。结果表明:轴流式冷却风扇风量仿真值与实测值变化趋势一致,最大误差约为4.9%,总体平均误差约为2.94%。轴流式风扇转速4213 r/min及风压0 Pa时,噪声仿真值与试验值的误差为9.7%,误差低于10%,可满足工程需求。类似研究方法应用于发电机组用离心式风扇风量及噪声预测研究中,经分析得出离心式风扇入口风速试验值与仿真值间最大误差为9.17%,最小误差为5%;1 m远场噪声监测点的噪声声压级仿真值为66 dB(A),实测声压级为75 dB(A),两者差异为9 dB(A),误差约为13.6%,原因是实测噪声值中含有电机驱动系统运转的噪声。研究结果可为轴流式及离心式风扇的气动性能及噪声评估提供方法参考。

3-D Modeling of Axial Fans

In this paper we present a full-geometry Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of air flow distribution from an automotive engine cooling fan. To simplify geometric modeling and mesh generation, different solution domains have been considered, the Core model, the Extended-Hub model, and the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) model. We also consider the effect of blockage on the flow and pressure fields. The Extended-Hub model simplifies meshing without compromising accuracy. Optimal locations of the computational boundary conditions have been determined for the MRF model. The blockage results in significant difference in pressure rise, and the difference increases with increasing flow rates. Results are in good agreement with data obtained from an experimental test facility. Finally, we consider Simplified Fan Models which simplifies geometric modeling and mesh generation and significantly reduce the amount of computer memory used and time needed to carry out the calculations. Different models are compared in regards to efficiency and accuracy. The effect of using data from different planes is considered to optimize performance. The effect of blockage on simplified models is also considered.

汽车冷却风扇噪声主动控制仿真及声品质评价

以汽车冷却风扇噪声为研究对象,基于采集的噪声生成具有不同音调特性的模拟噪声,利用改进的音调度模型计算音调度,使用等级评分法对生成的模拟噪声进行主观评价实验。根据音调特性十分明显的旋转噪声频率与风扇转速密切相关的特点,提出以风扇转速信号来构造次级声源参考信号进行主动噪声控制。最后建立并联型灰色神经网络模型并检验降噪效果。结果表明,冷却风扇噪声的音调特性是影响感知烦恼的重要因素之一,通过有源噪声控制能有效降低窄带噪声峰值从而降低音调度。引入并联型灰色神经网络进行预测的平均相对误差为2.86%,降噪后烦恼度有较好的改善。

高温气冷堆热态功能试验中一回路加热动态特性研究

高温气冷堆反应堆压力容器堆内构件由石墨和碳化硼烧结陶瓷材料组成,热态功能试验过程中需对一回路堆内构件进行加热除湿。针对高温气冷堆一回路热试系统特点,采用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4计算软件构建了压力容器、蒸汽发生器和主氦风机三维数值模型,并通过示范工程加热试验值验证了模型的可靠性,并获得了一回路加热过程中温度场动态特性。为了解决高温气冷堆示范工程一回路首次加热效率低的问题,提出了将辅助蒸汽通入到蒸汽发生器,并动态调整辅助蒸汽运行参数来加热一回路氦气的方法,结果表明:相较于主氦风机单独加热方式,外加辅助蒸汽热源可节省加热时间约31.3 h,同时可将堆芯最终平衡温度由250℃提高至265℃;在满足运行准则的前提下,更有利于碳砖和石墨堆内构件的除湿。该研究结果为高温气冷堆一回路热试提供了有力支持。

某中型皮卡发动机冷却风扇布局优化

冷却风扇作为汽车发动机冷却模块的关键部件,其空间位置直接影响机舱内的流场结构,决定了通过散热器的空气流量,进而影响发动机的散热性能。为了确定既定冷却风扇在某新车型机舱内的最佳布局,以散热器流量及流量波动为目标,以风扇的空间坐标位置为变量,面向流场结构进行了布局优化。首先,通过试验设计方法生成初始设计样本点并进行几何参数化建模;然后,针对实际工况需求,选择关键车速条件,进行发动机舱内流场的CFD仿真,基于仿真结果建立Kriging代理模型;最后,以散热器进口流量和流速标准差为目标进行多目标优化,通过遗传算法获取Pareto最优解集,基于高维参变量可视化技术进行了结果分析,为机舱内零部件的布局决策提供了有价值的参考。研究结果显示了冷却风扇沿车行进方向的位置改变与散热器流量的显著相关性,为新车型冷却风扇的布置方案提供全局最优性的理论支撑。

混合转子永磁电机双风道冷却系统设计

混合转子永磁电机具有高功率密度的优势,但也导致电机散热空间和散热能力不足等问题。为此,根据其特有的转子结构提出一种双风道冷却系统,并采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法对电机温度场进行验证。首先,根据电机损耗和尺寸设计一个适合双风道的轴流风扇。其次,对不同进、出风口的结构参数进行仿真,对比和分析仿真结果,选出冷却性能较好的参数组合。最后对单风道和该参数组合下的双风道进行数值模拟,仿真结果表明,使用双风道冷却结构后电机散热能力显著提升。

医用3.0 T磁共振成像仪梯度系统故障三例

梯度系统是磁共振成像仪的重要组成部分,主要用于产生X轴,Y轴及Z轴三个方向的梯度信号,从而对磁共振信号进行空间编码,确定信号的空间位置。梯度系统功率高、散热量大,需要对梯度线圈及梯度放大器进行冷却。梯度系统及其冷却系统故障将导致图像质量下降甚至设备停机。本文总结了三例梯度系统故障,包括梯度线圈水冷系统故障、梯度放大器线路故障及梯度放大器散热风扇故障,包括三例故障的表现、探究了故障原因并给出故障排除方法,供同行参考,以期共同提升维修水平,提高设备使用率。

机力通风冷却塔风机自寻优群控方法研究

机力通风冷却塔以占地面积小的显著优点,在中小型基建工程中得到广泛应用。为提升中小型基建工程外冷系统的节能性和可靠性、改进传统多风机控制方法,创新性地提出了一种基于累计运行时间的机力通风冷却塔风机自寻优群控方法。将多风机整体化控制改进为顺序化联动控制,可有效降低风机启动门槛出力、消除整体化控制固有缺陷,满足非线性、时变性、大滞后系统控制的节能、可靠需求。经工程验证:该方法是一种契合纯变频电机配置冷却塔系统的多风机控制方法。该方法风机出力柔和、控制线性度好、系统易镇定、稳态偏差小;能够通过累计运行时间参数比对,实现风机自动交互运行,运行可靠性高。该方法的提出与实际应用可对配置机力通风冷却塔的中小型基建工程的安全节能运行提供借鉴。

水能风机在循环水冷却系统的应用

介绍了循环水冷却系统中采用水能风机代替大功率电动机实现节能降耗的实施措施,分析了改造后带来的经济效益。

基于热负荷均匀分配原则的直接空冷系统轴流风机转速灵活调节策略

在直接空冷电站中,轴流风机功耗占厂用电比例较高。为获得更为高效的风机运行调整策略,以某典型2´600 MW直接空冷机组为例,基于热负荷均匀分配原则,采用数值模拟方法,研究轴流风机转速灵活调节策略。获得不同环境温度和风速条件下,各轴流风机转速分布规律以及通过空冷凝汽器单元的冷却空气质量流量分布规律。最终,计算得到不同环境气象条件下不同轴流风机转速调节策略风机总功耗变化规律。结果表明,基于热负荷均匀分配原则的轴流风机转速灵活调整策略明显优于轴流风机转速整体调节策略,结果可为直接空冷机组优化运行和深层次节能提供参考。

电站空冷岛轴流风机模型研究

【目的】轴流风机作为直接空冷系统的主要设备,其气动性能对于直接空冷系统的流动换热性能具有重要影响。由于空冷岛的流动换热问题在空间几何上跨越了多个尺度,采用实验方法进行研究较为困难,通常利用数值模拟的手段进行研究。因此,对于现在大多数模拟工作中采用的简化风机集总参数模型(简化模型)的准确性进行讨论分析十分必要。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,分别建立了包含风机叶片的实体风机模型(实体模型)和简化模型。分别研究了不同温度、风速、风向角条件下采用实体风机和风机模型对于电站冷端系统输运性能的影响规律,通过对比分析获得了各个工况下的空气侧压力场和流场的分布规律,并对采用不同风机模型的电站冷端系统各个空冷凝汽器单位的轴流风机冷却空气压降和流量进行了统计和对比。【结果】实体模型与简化模型的差异主要体现在低流量区,且风速越大,差异越明显。【结论】研究结果可为提高电站冷端系统数值模拟研究的准确性提供参考。