White Rabbit同步技术是传统PTP(IEEE1588v2)协议的扩展,增加了皮秒级时间戳、频率相位同步、稳定传输时延等功能,在时频/数据一体化传输方面性能卓越。针对White Rabbit在时间敏感领域的应用现状,归纳了时间频率传递、精准时间戳标记...White Rabbit同步技术是传统PTP(IEEE1588v2)协议的扩展,增加了皮秒级时间戳、频率相位同步、稳定传输时延等功能,在时频/数据一体化传输方面性能卓越。针对White Rabbit在时间敏感领域的应用现状,归纳了时间频率传递、精准时间戳标记、射频信号分布传输、定时触发控制等应用方式,详细介绍了各类具体应用的实现方法和性能指标。通过分析当前采用的增强手段和未来发展趋势,展望该技术在各领域广泛的应用前景。展开更多
The open reading frame （ORF） of hAPOA1 was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pGEX- 4T-I-hAPOA1, which was then transformed into Escherichia coil strain BL...The open reading frame （ORF） of hAPOA1 was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pGEX- 4T-I-hAPOA1, which was then transformed into Escherichia coil strain BL21. The expression of target fusion protein was induced with isopropyl β-D-l-thiogalacto- pyranoside （IPTG）. The purified fusion protein in inclusion bodies was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits to prepare hAPOA1 antiserum and the antibody titer was detected with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ID-EL1SA）. ID-ELISA and Western Blot proved that rabbit polyclonal antibody with a high titer of 1 ： 40 000 was produced, which may bring considerable economic benefits.展开更多
You may still remember the story about the race between the big white rabbit and little tortoise, in which the over-proud rabbit lost. However, the White Rabbit toffees produced by the Shanghai Guansheng Yuan (Group) ...You may still remember the story about the race between the big white rabbit and little tortoise, in which the over-proud rabbit lost. However, the White Rabbit toffees produced by the Shanghai Guansheng Yuan (Group) Co., Ltd. are famous-brand products in China. This White Rabbit not only is the cham-展开更多
Objective:To investigate the morphological changes of the neuronal neurites in diabetic rabbit brain. Methods: Twenty- four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 groups: control group and type Ⅱ diabetic grou...Objective:To investigate the morphological changes of the neuronal neurites in diabetic rabbit brain. Methods: Twenty- four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 groups: control group and type Ⅱ diabetic group induced by high - carbohydrate and high- fat diet. The levels of blood sugar and insulin were detected at week 0(w0), w4, w8, w13, w18, w23 and w28. Brain tissue was stained by Nissl staining and immunolistochemistry with a specific antibody to neurofilament proteins. Result: In diabetic rabbits, the amount of large pyramidal neuron was significantly reduced, and neuronal neurites became swollen, whorled, disrupted and changed in caliber. In hippocampus CA1 region neurofilament staining was very weak. Conclusion: Neurotoxicity of chronic hyperglycemia might be relevant to vascular chronic complications, which affected the expression of NF and led to neurophysiological and structural changes in the brain of rabbits with type Ⅱ diabetes.展开更多
We demonstrate a new synchronization method for the White Rabbit system. Signals are transmitted in a single mode fiber in both directions with the same light wavelength. Without the complex calibration process of the...We demonstrate a new synchronization method for the White Rabbit system. Signals are transmitted in a single mode fiber in both directions with the same light wavelength. Without the complex calibration process of the fiber asymmetry parameter, the new method reduces the effect of chromatic dispersion and improves the synchronization accuracy. The experiment achieves timing synchronization accuracy below 200 ps over 50 km fiber constructed by different companies＇ fiber spools. The proposed method would make White Rabbit technology immune to the chromatic dispersion of fiber links and can be applied to long distance synchronization.展开更多
Background White Rabbit(WR)is a deterministic Ethernet-based network for general-purpose data transfer and subnanosecond time synchronization in large distributed systems.WR has been used in Large Hadron Collider and ...Background White Rabbit(WR)is a deterministic Ethernet-based network for general-purpose data transfer and subnanosecond time synchronization in large distributed systems.WR has been used in Large Hadron Collider and Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory for physics experiment.Purpose WR mainly uses the optical fiber for data transmission between WR devices.Commercial off-the-shelf Direct Attach Cable is not suitable for WR network at 100m level distance.Considering the lower cost of Category(CAT)Ethernet cable compared to optical fiber and the demand of remote power supply in distributed system at 100m level length,we developed a novel transmission scheme with CAT Ethernet cable for WR.Methods The novel transmission scheme uses the CAT Ethernet cable and small form-factor pluggable connector which is compatible with the optical links.This scheme only uses two pairs of twisted lines in the CAT Ethernet cable for data uplink and downlink.The other two pairs of twisted lines are used for remote power supply.Results and conclusion The novel transmission scheme could use the CAT Ethernet cable to complete remote power supply and time synchronization with expected time offset of less than 100 ps and standard deviation of less than 20 ps in the WR distributed system.The distance of distributed nodes could be 80m with one CAT 7 Ethernet cable or 150m with relay transceiver connecting two CAT 7 Ethernet cables.In the short-distance scenarios,the novel transmission scheme has lower cost than the optical fiber and additional power supply function.展开更多
The KM2A （one kilometer square extensive air shower array） is the largest detector array in the LHAASO （Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory） project. The KM2A consists of 5242 EDs （Electromagnetic particle...The KM2A （one kilometer square extensive air shower array） is the largest detector array in the LHAASO （Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory） project. The KM2A consists of 5242 EDs （Electromagnetic particle Detectors） and 1221 MDs （Muon Detectors）. The EDs are distributed and exposed in the wild. Two channels, anode and dynode, are employed for the PMT （photomultiplier tube） signal readout. The readout electronics designed in this paper aims at accurate charge and arrival time measurement of the PMT signals, which cover a large amplitude range from 20 P.E. （photoelectrons） to 2x105 P.E. By using a ＂trigger-less＂ architecture, we digitize signals close to the PMTs. All digitized data is transmitted to DAQ （Data Acquisition） via a simplified White Rabbit protocol. Compared with traditional high energy experiments, high precision of time measurement over such a large area and suppression of temperature effects in the wild become the key techniques. Experiments show that the design has fulfilled the requirements in this project.展开更多
Background The large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO)is being built near Daocheng(4410 m a.s.l.)in the Sichuan province of China.Its main instrument is the one-kilometer square extensive air shower array(K...Background The large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO)is being built near Daocheng(4410 m a.s.l.)in the Sichuan province of China.Its main instrument is the one-kilometer square extensive air shower array(KM2A)which will comprise nearly 7000 detectors.The system adopts a distributed architecture where each detector has local front-end electronics for signal digitization and transmission.White Rabbit(WR)is the communication protocol used within KM2A to reach the required 1-ns synchronization accuracy between detectors.Purpose To provide data transport and synchronization over the same network.Methods We have developed a firmware implementation of the TCP/IP protocol in Verilog hardware description language that can be coupled with a WR intellectual property core.Results LHAASO KM2A distributed data and clock synchronization network meets the high requirement of the array for reliable data transmission and clock synchronization.Conclusion The data transmission method based on the TCP/IP protocol suite and WR can be run in Xilinx Spartan6 FPGA with low resource needs,which greatly expand its application field.展开更多
Background:Heliotropium indicum is used as a traditional remedy for hypertension in Ghana.The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-glaucoma potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of H.indicum to manage exper...Background:Heliotropium indicum is used as a traditional remedy for hypertension in Ghana.The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-glaucoma potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of H.indicum to manage experimentally-induced glaucoma.Methods:The percentage change in intraocular pressure(IOP),after inducing acute glaucoma(15 mLkg^(−1) of 5%dextrose,i.v.),in New Zealand White rabbits pretreated with Heliotropium indicum aqueous extract(HIE)(30–300 mgkg^(−1)),acetazolamide(5 mgkg^(−1)),and normal saline(10 mLkg^(−1))per os were measured.IOPs were also monitored in chronic glaucoma in rabbits(induced by 1%prednisolone acetate drops,12 hourly for 21 days)after treatments with the same doses of HIE,acetazolamide,and normal saline for 2 weeks.The anti-oxidant property of the extract was assessed by assaying for glutathione levels in the aqueous humour.Glutamate concentration in the vitreous humour was also determined using ELISA technique.Histopathological assessment of the ciliary bodies was made.Results:The extract significantly reduced intraocular pressure(p≤0.05–0.001)in acute and chronic glaucoma,preserved glutathione levels and glutamate concentration(p≤0.01–0.001).Histological assessment of the ciliary body showed a decrease in inflammatory infiltration in the extract and acetazolamide-treated group compared with the normal saline-treated group.Conclusion:The aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum has ocular hypotensive,anti-oxidant and possible neuro-protective effects,which therefore underscore its plausible utility as an anti-glaucoma drug with further investigation.展开更多
基金Supported by the Agricultural Science Independent Innovation Fund Jiangsu Province[CX(16)1326]
文摘The open reading frame （ORF） of hAPOA1 was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pGEX- 4T-I-hAPOA1, which was then transformed into Escherichia coil strain BL21. The expression of target fusion protein was induced with isopropyl β-D-l-thiogalacto- pyranoside （IPTG）. The purified fusion protein in inclusion bodies was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits to prepare hAPOA1 antiserum and the antibody titer was detected with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ID-EL1SA）. ID-ELISA and Western Blot proved that rabbit polyclonal antibody with a high titer of 1 ： 40 000 was produced, which may bring considerable economic benefits.
文摘You may still remember the story about the race between the big white rabbit and little tortoise, in which the over-proud rabbit lost. However, the White Rabbit toffees produced by the Shanghai Guansheng Yuan (Group) Co., Ltd. are famous-brand products in China. This White Rabbit not only is the cham-
基金These authors contribute equally to this work.Supported by the Hunan science fourndation(JJY2069)
文摘Objective:To investigate the morphological changes of the neuronal neurites in diabetic rabbit brain. Methods: Twenty- four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 groups: control group and type Ⅱ diabetic group induced by high - carbohydrate and high- fat diet. The levels of blood sugar and insulin were detected at week 0(w0), w4, w8, w13, w18, w23 and w28. Brain tissue was stained by Nissl staining and immunolistochemistry with a specific antibody to neurofilament proteins. Result: In diabetic rabbits, the amount of large pyramidal neuron was significantly reduced, and neuronal neurites became swollen, whorled, disrupted and changed in caliber. In hippocampus CA1 region neurofilament staining was very weak. Conclusion: Neurotoxicity of chronic hyperglycemia might be relevant to vascular chronic complications, which affected the expression of NF and led to neurophysiological and structural changes in the brain of rabbits with type Ⅱ diabetes.
基金supported by the Program of International S&T Cooperation under Grant No.2016YFE0100200
文摘We demonstrate a new synchronization method for the White Rabbit system. Signals are transmitted in a single mode fiber in both directions with the same light wavelength. Without the complex calibration process of the fiber asymmetry parameter, the new method reduces the effect of chromatic dispersion and improves the synchronization accuracy. The experiment achieves timing synchronization accuracy below 200 ps over 50 km fiber constructed by different companies＇ fiber spools. The proposed method would make White Rabbit technology immune to the chromatic dispersion of fiber links and can be applied to long distance synchronization.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,SKLPDE-ZZ-201918.
文摘Background White Rabbit(WR)is a deterministic Ethernet-based network for general-purpose data transfer and subnanosecond time synchronization in large distributed systems.WR has been used in Large Hadron Collider and Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory for physics experiment.Purpose WR mainly uses the optical fiber for data transmission between WR devices.Commercial off-the-shelf Direct Attach Cable is not suitable for WR network at 100m level distance.Considering the lower cost of Category(CAT)Ethernet cable compared to optical fiber and the demand of remote power supply in distributed system at 100m level length,we developed a novel transmission scheme with CAT Ethernet cable for WR.Methods The novel transmission scheme uses the CAT Ethernet cable and small form-factor pluggable connector which is compatible with the optical links.This scheme only uses two pairs of twisted lines in the CAT Ethernet cable for data uplink and downlink.The other two pairs of twisted lines are used for remote power supply.Results and conclusion The novel transmission scheme could use the CAT Ethernet cable to complete remote power supply and time synchronization with expected time offset of less than 100 ps and standard deviation of less than 20 ps in the WR distributed system.The distance of distributed nodes could be 80m with one CAT 7 Ethernet cable or 150m with relay transceiver connecting two CAT 7 Ethernet cables.In the short-distance scenarios,the novel transmission scheme has lower cost than the optical fiber and additional power supply function.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11375210)the Knowledge Innovation Fund of IHEP,Beijing
文摘The KM2A （one kilometer square extensive air shower array） is the largest detector array in the LHAASO （Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory） project. The KM2A consists of 5242 EDs （Electromagnetic particle Detectors） and 1221 MDs （Muon Detectors）. The EDs are distributed and exposed in the wild. Two channels, anode and dynode, are employed for the PMT （photomultiplier tube） signal readout. The readout electronics designed in this paper aims at accurate charge and arrival time measurement of the PMT signals, which cover a large amplitude range from 20 P.E. （photoelectrons） to 2x105 P.E. By using a ＂trigger-less＂ architecture, we digitize signals close to the PMTs. All digitized data is transmitted to DAQ （Data Acquisition） via a simplified White Rabbit protocol. Compared with traditional high energy experiments, high precision of time measurement over such a large area and suppression of temperature effects in the wild become the key techniques. Experiments show that the design has fulfilled the requirements in this project.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11390385).
文摘Background The large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO)is being built near Daocheng(4410 m a.s.l.)in the Sichuan province of China.Its main instrument is the one-kilometer square extensive air shower array(KM2A)which will comprise nearly 7000 detectors.The system adopts a distributed architecture where each detector has local front-end electronics for signal digitization and transmission.White Rabbit(WR)is the communication protocol used within KM2A to reach the required 1-ns synchronization accuracy between detectors.Purpose To provide data transport and synchronization over the same network.Methods We have developed a firmware implementation of the TCP/IP protocol in Verilog hardware description language that can be coupled with a WR intellectual property core.Results LHAASO KM2A distributed data and clock synchronization network meets the high requirement of the array for reliable data transmission and clock synchronization.Conclusion The data transmission method based on the TCP/IP protocol suite and WR can be run in Xilinx Spartan6 FPGA with low resource needs,which greatly expand its application field.
文摘Background:Heliotropium indicum is used as a traditional remedy for hypertension in Ghana.The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-glaucoma potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of H.indicum to manage experimentally-induced glaucoma.Methods:The percentage change in intraocular pressure(IOP),after inducing acute glaucoma(15 mLkg^(−1) of 5%dextrose,i.v.),in New Zealand White rabbits pretreated with Heliotropium indicum aqueous extract(HIE)(30–300 mgkg^(−1)),acetazolamide(5 mgkg^(−1)),and normal saline(10 mLkg^(−1))per os were measured.IOPs were also monitored in chronic glaucoma in rabbits(induced by 1%prednisolone acetate drops,12 hourly for 21 days)after treatments with the same doses of HIE,acetazolamide,and normal saline for 2 weeks.The anti-oxidant property of the extract was assessed by assaying for glutathione levels in the aqueous humour.Glutamate concentration in the vitreous humour was also determined using ELISA technique.Histopathological assessment of the ciliary bodies was made.Results:The extract significantly reduced intraocular pressure(p≤0.05–0.001)in acute and chronic glaucoma,preserved glutathione levels and glutamate concentration(p≤0.01–0.001).Histological assessment of the ciliary body showed a decrease in inflammatory infiltration in the extract and acetazolamide-treated group compared with the normal saline-treated group.Conclusion:The aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum has ocular hypotensive,anti-oxidant and possible neuro-protective effects,which therefore underscore its plausible utility as an anti-glaucoma drug with further investigation.
