Efficacy of Rabdosia Rubescens in the Treatment of Gingivitis

This study evaluated the efficacy ofrabdosia rubescens against gingivitis and compared the therapeutic efficacy of different dosage forms of rabdosia rubescens. A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-simulation, positive-controlled and parallel trial was conducted. A total of 136 patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of gingivitis were enrolled. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups： test group （n=67）, in which rabdosia rubescens drop pill （960 mg） and 4 tablets of simulation agent of rabdosia rubescen were orally given to the subjects three times a day for 5 days; and control group （n=69）, in which the subjects were administered the tablets of rabdosia rubescens （1000 mg） and 24 drop pills of simulation agent of rabdosia rubescens thrice daily for 5 days. The experimental protocols and diagnostic criteria were established by expert panel prior to the experiment. The clinical symptoms were graded according to the severity of the disease and quantified. The total scores and scores for each clinical symptom of gingivitis were assessed at baseline and on the 6th day post-treatment. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups and in each group itself before and after the treatment. The results showed that in the two groups, the subjects who were given rabdosia rubescens, drop pill or tablet, had a decrease in total scores and scores for each clinical symptom when compared with those before treatment （P〈0.01）. There was significant difference in the therapeutic efficacy between the test group and the control group with the efficacy rate being 92.54% and 79.71% respectively （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that rabdosia rubescens showed great promise in treating gingivitis. And rabdosia rubescens drop pill was more efficacious than rabdosia rubescens tablet.

Two new diterpenoids from Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx

Two new diterpenoids, named glaucocalyxin F and glaucocalyxin X, respectively, were isolated from the whole plant of Rabdosia japonica （Burm. f.） Hara var. glaucocalyx （Maxim.） Hara. Their structures was established on the basis of spectral analysis.

Rabdosia serra alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation,regulating Th17/Treg balance,maintaining intestinal barrier integrity,and modulating gut microbiota

Rabdosia serra(R.serra),an important component of Chinese herbal tea,has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis,jaundice,cholecystitis,and colitis.However,the chemical composition of R.serra and its effect against colitis remain unclear.In this study,the chemical composition of the water extract of R.serra was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS).A total of 46 compounds,comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and steroids,were identified in the water extract of R.serra,and the extract could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by improving colon length,upregulating anti-inflammatory factors,downregulating proinflammatory factors,and restoring the balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells.R.serra also preserved intestinal barrier function by increasing the level of tight junction proteins(zonula occludens 1 and occludin)in mouse colonic tissue.In addition,R.serra modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing bacterial richness and diversity,increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria(Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001),and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria(Turicibacter,Eubacterium_fissicatena_group,and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group).Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics further confirmed that R.serra alleviated colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner.Overall,our findings provide chemical and biological evidence for the potential application of R.serra in the management of colitis.

Static and dynamic studies of adsorption by four macroporous resins to enrich oridonin from Rabdosia rubescens

Oridonin,one of the active ingredients in Rabdosia rubescens(R.rubescens),has been reported to induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in many cancers.Conventional extraction methods tend to result in unsatisfied enrichment and poor quality of oridonin present in a given biomass.This paper aims to evaluate the performance and separation characteristics of four different macroporous resins to arrive at the most suitable methodology for the isolation and purification of highquality oridonin.Static absorption kinetics,thermodynamic and dynamic adsorption were evaluated.HP20 was selected for further study due to its high adsorption capacity of 32 mgg 1 and desorption ratio with 98.5%.The pseudosecondorder model was considered to be the most suitable for kinetic results,and Langmuir model was chosen to better describe the absorption thermodynamics.Under optimum conditions(flow rate of 4 ml min 1,bed depth with 6 cm and initial concentration of 2.15 mg·ml^1),the effective content of oridonin increased from 33.9%to 79.1%in the dry extract with a recovery of 81%and the purity of oridonin improved from 76%to 93%.The results confirm that HP20 provides an efficient method to purify most oridonin from R.rubescens.

DITERPENOIDS FROM RABDOSIA SCULPONEATA

Five ent-6,7-seco-karuene diterpenoids-enmein,epinodosin,sculponeatin A,C,D,were isolated from the dried leaves of Rabdosia sculponeata One of the compounds,named sculponeatin D,was previously unreported.Its structre was elucidated by the spectral data including 2D COSY,~1H-^(13)C correlation,2D NOESY spectroscopy.

Diterpenoids from Rabdosia Nervosa

Six ent-kaurene type diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Rabdosia nerwsa. Among them.ganer-vosin A and B are new compounds, the structures of which were elucidated as 1 and 2 respectively by spectral and chemical methods. The other four were identified as odonicin (3), novelrabdosin (4), nodosin (5) and shikokianal acetate (8). Compounds (1), (2), (5) and (8) have not been found in this herb previously.

Abietane Quinones from Rabdosia serra

A new abietane quinone diterpenoid was isolated, together with horminone, 16-acetoxy-7-O-acetylhorminone, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol. ursolic acid and palmitic acid from the leaves of Rabdosin Serra (MAXIM) Hara. The new compound was elucidated as 16-acetoxy-7 alpha-ethoxyroyleanone.

Karyotype Analysis of Rabdosia lophanthoides var. gerardianus and Rabdosia lophanthoides Hara var. graciliflorus Chromosomes

[ Objective] This study aimed to conduct the karyotype analysis of Rabdosia lophanthoides var. gerardians and R. lophanthoides Hara var. gracilifloruschromosomes. [ Method] Vigorously growing shoot tips of R. lophanthoides var. gerardianus and R. lophanthoides Hara var. graciliflorus were stained for section preparation to observe and analyze the chromosomes. [ Result] Karyotype formula of R. lophanthoides var. gerardianus is K （2n） =2x =24 = 18m ＋4Sm, sugges- ting that this species belongs to category 2A of Stebbins; karyotype formula of R. lophanthoides Hara var. graciliflorus is K （2n） =2x =24 = 16m ＋8Sm, sugges- ting that this species belongs to category 1B of Stebbins. [Conclusion] R. lophanthoides var. gerardianus is more primitive compared with R. lophanthoides Hara var. graciliflorus.

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF RABDOSIA DITERPENOID Ⅱ,PREPARATION OF A KEY BUILDING BLOCK,α,β-UNSATURATED LACTONE

The main half molecule(4a)of the trichorabdal B(1) was synthesized from pentadienol(6).The key step is the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 8.

Effect of rabdosia rubescens combined with new assistant chemotherapy on serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer

Objective:To study the effects of Rabdosia rubescens combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 levels and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer.Methods: A total of 70 patients with breast cancer in our hospital were enrolled as the subjects of this study. The subjects were divided into control group (n=35) and treatment group (n=35) randomly. Patients in the control group were treated with new assistant chemotherapy, while those who were in the treatment group were treated with rabdosia rubescens combined with new assistant chemotherapy. The two groups of patients were treated for 3 periods. The serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 levels and peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:There were no significantly differences among the serum CA199, CEA, CA15-3 levels and peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the two groups before treatment. The serum CA199, CEA and CA15-3 levels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, besides, the serum CA199, CEA and CA15-3 levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The peripheral blood CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the control group after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and the peripheral blood CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells of the treatment group after treatment were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusion:Rabdosia rubescens combined with new assistant chemotherapycan can significantly reduce the serum CA199, CEA and CA15-3 levels, and improve peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ levels of patients with breast cancer. It is worthy of clinical application.

A new phenylethanoid glycoside from Rabdosia lophanthoides(Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara.

新 phenylethanoid glycoside， 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-&#x3b2； -phenylethoxy-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 &#x2192；3 )-2-O-acetyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 把 lophanthoside 称为 A，从 Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don ) 被孤立 Hara。它的结构被分光镜的证据决定。

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Rabdosia Iophanthoides

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Rabdosia lophanthoides resulted in the identification of 108 compounds repreaentin4g 78. 12096 of the oil. Hydro-distillation of Rabdosia lophanthoides yielded a pale yellow oil. The compounds identified and their relative proportions are listed in Table 1 according to their order of elution on an HP-5MS capillary column.

溪黄草浸提液对2种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为研究溪黄草(Rabdosia serra(Maxim.)Hara)浸提液对杂草种子萌发与幼苗生长的化感作用,本试验以稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli L.)和马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis L.)为受体材料,采用培养皿滤纸法测定了稗草与马唐的种子萌发、幼苗形态和生理指标。结果表明:(1)溪黄草鲜样浸提液在80 mg·mL^(-1)时,对马唐与稗草种子的萌发和根长起到显著的抑制作用(P<0.05);(2)随着溪黄草干样和鲜样浸提液浓度的升高,稗草的过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性显著升高,而马唐的POD和CAT活性则显著降低(P<0.05);(3)当溪黄草干样和鲜样浸提液浓度为20,40,80 mg·mL^(-1)时,对马唐的化感综合效应表现为抑制作用,且浸提液浓度越高抑制作用越强。综上所述,溪黄草浸提液在浓度为80 mg·mL^(-1)时,对马唐种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05)。

冬凌草药渣固体发酵工艺条件优化

为筛选出冬凌草药渣固体发酵工艺的最适条件,研究不同接种量、不同料液比、不同发酵时间、不同发酵温度处理下酵母菌、乳酸菌固体发酵工艺对冬凌草药渣中齐墩果酸、熊果酸、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、钙、粗灰分、赖氨酸含量变化的影响,并对其进行相关性和主成分分析。结果表明,酵母菌固体发酵最优条件:接种量6%、料液比1∶1.2、发酵时间3 d、发酵温度28℃。此条件下,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、粗灰分、齐墩果酸、熊果酸含量分别相较于发酵前提高0.93%、23.08%、13.89%、19.74%、15.00%、16.22%,粗纤维含量相较于发酵前减少1.19%。齐墩果酸含量与熊果酸含量相关性达到0.86,呈极显著正相关,粗蛋白含量与钙、粗灰分、赖氨酸含量相关性分别达到0.95、0.97、0.90,呈极显著正相关。乳酸菌固体发酵最优条件:接种量6%、料液比1∶1.2、发酵时间6 d、发酵温度28℃。此条件下,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、粗灰分、赖氨酸含量分别相较于发酵前提高33.02%、23.08%、74.07%、51.32%、21.21%,粗纤维含量相较于发酵前减少24.76%。粗蛋白含量与赖氨酸含量相关性达到0.77,呈极显著正相关。综上,酵母菌和乳酸菌固体发酵方法均可使冬凌草药渣的营养价值得到提高。

基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS的三种基原溪黄草及其干预小鼠肝纤维化的血清化学研究

目的应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱串联质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS)技术研究三种基原溪黄草及其在肝纤维化小鼠口服给药后的血清化学成分。方法采用Shim-pack GIST-HP C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3μm);流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B),梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温30℃。通过结合高分辨质谱数据及质谱裂解规律,对三种基原溪黄草药材样本及其给药小鼠血清的化学成分进行表征。结果在三种基原溪黄草药材中鉴定出40个化合物,主要包括二萜类、黄酮类、酚酸类化合物。在小鼠血清中鉴定出2个入血成分以及2个可能的代谢产物。结论本研究初步鉴定了三种基原溪黄草在四氯化碳致肝纤维化小鼠中的入血成分及部分代谢产物,为其用于治疗肝纤维化的药效物质基础提供了理论参考。

Protective effects of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of ethanol extracts of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx(Maxim.) Hara(RJ) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and the possible underlying mechanisms of action. The mice were orally administrated with RJ extract(16, 32 or 64 mg?kg–1) daily for consecutive7 days before LPS challenge. The ung specimens and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected for histopathological examinations and biochemical analyses. Pretreatment with RJ significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and reduced the wet-to-dry weight(W/D) ratio, the levels of nitric oxide(NO) and protein leakage, and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in mice with ALI, in a dose-dependent manner. RJ reduced complement deposition and significantly attenuated LPS-induced ALI by reducing productions of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-1β(IL-1β). The results demonstrated that RJ may attenuate LPS-induced ALI via reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and reducing complement deposition and radicals.

Chemical compounds and pharmacological effects of Rabdosia excisa

Many kinds of diterpenoids have been isolated from Rabdosia spp.Some of them have anti-microbial effects,counteract inflammation,and inhibit tumor progression activities.We conducted the present study in order to look for bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant Rabdosia excisa.In this study,five compounds were isolated from R.excisa;they were oridonin,isokamebakaurin,oleano-lic acid,ursolic acid,and b-sitosterol.In order to identify the function of the extracts,the activity of antibiotics,anti-oxidation,and immunity test were carried out against these functions.Prospective results were observed in all of the tested items.

宿州产香茶菜无机元素指纹图谱研究及安全性评价

目的建立香茶菜中19种无机元素的指纹图谱,并对其中5种进行安全性评价。方法收集宿州产13批香茶菜样品,以微波消解法进行前处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法建立19种无机元素的指纹图谱。采用主成分分析法对样品进行质量评价,采用单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数法对其中砷,镉,汞,铅,铜元素进行安全性评价。结果钠、铝、铁,硼、钛、锰、铜、锌、钡,铬、镍、钼、铅,砷、镉、汞,镁,钾、钙质量浓度分别在0~5000 ng/mL、0~500 ng/mL、0~50 ng/mL、0~10 ng/mL及0~50μg/mL、0~200μg/mL范围内与各元素仪器响应值线性关系良好(r>0.9900),检测限为0.0003~0.300 ng/mL;精密度、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于5.0%;平均加样回收率为92.46%~102.26%,RSD为1.06%~3.19%(n=6)。13批样品中无机元素指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.920,主成分1-7的累积方差贡献率达92.871%。5种元素的污染情况均较轻微。结论13批宿州产香茶菜样品中前述5种元素的整体潜在风险较低。

Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Kamebakaurin from Rabdosia excisa by Response Surface Methodology

For the efficient extraction of kamebakaurin（KA）, the ultrasound-assisted extraction（UAE） of KA from Rabdosia excisa（R, excisa） via response surface methodology（RSM） was investigated with high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Effects of the experimental parameters such as extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to plant material, extraction time and extraction temperature on the extracting efficiency of KA from R. excisa were evaluated, and the purity of KA in residual was calculated. The optimized conditions were 65.5%（volume fraction） acetone, 35 ℃, time of 24.6 min with ultrasound of 80 W/L, 40 kHz, ratio of liquid to plant material at 30：1（mL/g）. The maximum yield of KA is 0.708 mg/kg, with mean purity of 6.09%, indicating that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a feasible and useful method for extracting KA from R. excisa.