西藏绿绒蒿属近危物种分布新纪录——刺瓣绿绒蒿(Meconopsis racemosa var.spinulifera)

刺瓣绿绒蒿(Meconopsis racemosa var.spinulifera(L.H.Zhou)C.Y.Wu&H.Chuang)是一种极具观赏及药用价值的高山植物,1979年首次在中国青海玉树发现并报道,现今已被确立为近危物种(NT),极具保护价值。2023年8月首次在西藏自治区昌都市察雅县境内的高山草甸发现与总状绿绒蒿(M.racemo-sa var.racemosa Maxim.)具部分性状差异的物种,经鉴定,确定该物种为刺瓣绿绒蒿,为总状绿绒蒿的变种。该发现对西藏横断山区绿绒蒿属植物区系的补充具有重要意义。

内蒙古西部地区砂珍棘豆(Oxytropis racemosa Turcz.)遗传多样性分析

用ISSR分子标记对内蒙古西部地区砂珍棘豆(Oxytropis racemosa Turcz)3个不同生境的地理种群进行了种群遗传多样性分析.结果表明砂珍棘豆种群具有较高的遗传多样性,14个ISSR引物扩增出284条带,Shannon多样性指数I=0.3630,Nei′s多样性指数H=0.2234,物种总基因多样性(HT)为0.2236,种群内基因多样性(Hs)为0.2085,大部分遗传变异(93.27%)存在于种群内,6.73%的遗传变异存在于种群间.遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.0673,基因流(Nm)为6.9318,说明种群间有很强的基因交流,遗传漂变不会引起遗传分化.UPGMA遗传距离聚类结果表明,3个地理种群中,乌审旗和伊金霍洛种群先聚在一起,然后与鄂托克种群聚在一起,遗传距离与地理距离相关,

总状蕨藻Caulerpa racemosa多糖抗肿瘤和免疫增强活性

以荷S180实体瘤的昆明小鼠为模型,研究了总状蕨藻粗多糖（CRP）的抗瘤作用及其对免疫器官等的影响,采用细胞培养法研究了CRP及其两个主要级分（CRPF1和CRPF2）对正常小鼠免疫细胞功能的影响。实验结果显示：总状蕨藻粗多糖对S180实体瘤具有显著的抑制作用,其抑瘤率和免疫活性与给药方式、剂量等因素有关,在注射和灌胃给药条件下,当CRP剂量分别为25mg/（kg·d）和100mg/（kg·d）时,其抑瘤率达到最大值,分别为46.2%和58.2%,且在注射给药时能显著地增加小鼠的脾脏指数。在50-200mg/（kg.d）范围内,灌胃给药时能升高小鼠碳廓清指数;细胞培养结果显示：CRP能提高正常小鼠的免疫功能,不过,其对静止淋巴细胞增殖的促进作用和对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞MФ分泌NO的促进作用均小于CRPF1和CRPF2。以上事实表明,总状蕨藻多糖具有较强的抗肿瘤和增强小鼠免疫力的作用。

香港地区红树植物资源研究(Ⅱ)——红树植物Lumnitzera racemosa(榄李)抑制植物真菌有效成分的分离与鉴定

本文对红树植物榄李(Lumnitzera racemosa)茎的95％乙醇提取物进行了抑制植物真菌(Fusarium oxysporum,Helminthosporium.sp,Stemphyllium.)效能的研究,并对其抑菌有效成份进行了分离与鉴定,研究结果表明,丹宁(tanning)(来自水相提取物)是抑菌的主要活性组份,其它还有黄酮类似物,脂肪酸等(来自于氯仿提取物)也有一些抑菌能力。

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa

Objective:To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa(L.racemosa) leaf extract.Methods:Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control. Group 2 served as hepatotoxin(CCL_4 treated) group.Group 3 served as positive control(Silyntarin) group,and Group 4.S and ft served as(73,150 and 300 nig/kg bw p.o.)L.racemosa leaf extract treated groups.Moreover,in vitro antioxidant DPPH,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity(HRSA),NO,ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),lipid hydroperoxide(LPO) and super oxide dismutase(SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract.Results:The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT).alkaline phosphatase(ALP),bilirubin,cholesterol(CHL).sugar and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly increased in COL_4 treated rats when compared with the control group(P<0.05).But the L.racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT[(210.16±19.63)IU/L].SGPT[(82.37±13.87) IU/L].ALP[(197.63±23.4.3)IU/L],bilurubilt[(2.13 ±0.84) mg/dL].cholesterol[(163.83± 13.63) mg/dL].sugar[(93.00±7.63) mg/dL]and LDH[(1134.00) ±285.00)IU/L]were observed with the high dose(300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that,no visible changes were observed with high dose(300 mg/ kgbw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis.The IC_(50) values were observed as(56.37 ±4.87)μg/mL,(57.68±1.98) μg/mL,(64.15±2.90)μg/mL,(61.94±3.98)μg/mL,(94.53± 1.68) μg/mL and(69.7±2.65)μg/mL for DPPH,HRSA,NO,FRAP,LPO and SOL) radical scavenging activities, respectively.Conclusions:In conclusion,the hepatoprotective effect of the L.racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups,terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.

Larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of Ficus racemosa against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） utilizing aqueous bark extract of Ficus racemosa（F.racemosa） was tested against fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and japanese encephalitis vectors,Culex gelidus（Cx.gelidus）.Methods:The synthesized Ag NPs was characterized by UV-vis spectrum,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and Fourier transform infrared（FTIR）.The larvicidal activities were assessed for 24 h against the larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus and Cx.gelidus with varying concentrations of aqueous bark extract off.racemosa and synthesized Ag NPs.LC50 and r2 values were calculated.Results:The maximum efficacy was observed in crude aqueous extract of F.racemosa against the larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus and Cx.gelidus(LC50=67.72 and 63.70 mg/L;r2=0.995 and 0.985) and the synthesized Ag NPs(LC50=12.00 and 11.21 mg/L;r2=0.997 and 0.990).respectively.Synthesized Ag NPs showed the XRD peaks at 2θvalues of 27.61,29.60,35.48,43.48 and 79.68 were identified as （210）,（121）,（220）,（200） and（311） reflections,respectively.The FTIR spectra of Ag NPs exhibited prominent peaks at 3 425,2 878,1 627 and 1 382 in the region 500-3 000 cm-1.The peaks correspond to the presence of a stretching vibration of（NH） C=O group.SEM analysis showed shape in cylindrical,uniform and rod with the average size of 250.60 nm.Conclusions:The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of F.racemosa and its larvicidal activity against the larvae of disease spreading vectors.The maximum larvicidal efficacy was observed in the synthesized Ag NPs.

Effects of variations in culture media and hormonal treatments upon callus induction potential in endosperm explant of Barringtonia racemosa L.

Objective: To induce callus from the medicinally valuable species, Barringtonia racemosa L.(B. racemosa) whereby the formation of callus is essential for micropropagation studies and in vitro plant secondary metabolites production.Methods: The callus induction potential in B. racemosa was assessed from endosperm explant cultured on different culture media and plant hormonal treatments. Lloyd and Mc Cown's woody plant medium and Murashige and Skoog's medium were used in the study as culture media. On the other hand, various concentrations and combinations of2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(1.0–2.0 mg/L) and kinetin(0.5–2.5 mg/L) had been incorporated in the culture media to exert the effects of auxin and cytokinin on callus induction.Results: From the present study, it was found that the profuse [(1.681 ± 0.770) g fresh weight,(0.239 ± 0.239) g dry weight] and friable callus formation was optimally produced with desirable morphology and considerable percentage of callus induction(56.70%) in endosperm explants cultured on 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.5 mg/L kinetin in Murashige and Skoog's medium.Conclusions: A reliable protocol for inducing callus formation of profuse and friable morphology in endosperm explant of B. racemosa had therefore been successfully established.

Two New Acetyl Cimicifugosides from the Rhizomes of Cimicifuga Racemosa

Two new acetyl cimicifugosides were isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa. Their structures were elucidated as 2＇-O-acetyl cimicifugoside H-1 1 and 3＇-O-acetyl cimicifugoside H-1 2 by the spectroscopic evidence and chemical methods.

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid by Tannins Rom Rhizophora Racemosa

Studies on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel electrodes in inhibited hydrochloric acid are described. Conventional weight loss measurements show that a maximum concentration of 140 ppm of tannin from Rhizophora racemosa is required to achieve 72% corrosion inhibition. Similar concentration of tannin: H3PO4 in ratio 1:1 gave 61% inhibition efficiency, whereas efficiency obtained for phosphoric acid as inhibitor in the same environment was 55%. Corrosion rates obtained over six hours of exposure in 1M HCl solution at inhibitor concentrations of 140 ppm are 2 mA/cm2, 2.4 mA/cm2, 2.6 mA/cm2 and 6 mA/cm2 for tannin, tannin/H3PO4 and H3PO4-inhibited and uninhibited specimens respectively. Natural atmospheric exposure studies revealed that specimens treated in H3PO4 resisted corrosion for three weeks, while tannin treated specimens suffered corrosion attack after one week of exposure tests.

Enhancement of wound healing with roots of Ficus racemosa L.in albino rats

Objective:To establish the wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of roots of Ficus racemosa(F.racemosa).Methods:Two models were performed to evaluate the wound healing activity Le.incision and excision models.In incision model the purameler which was carried out was breaking strength of wounded skin.In excision model percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization were established for both the extracts.Reference standard drug was povidone iodine ointment for comparison with other groups.Results:From the observation in both two models,aqueous extract of F.racemosa was found to have greater wound healing activity in terms of breaking strength in incision model and percentage wound contraction,period of epithelialization in excision model than that of other groups.Conclusions: In conclusion,our findings suggest that aqueous extract of F.racemosa possesses better wound healing ability than the ethanolic extract.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities and identification of bioactive compounds of various extracts of Caulerpa racemosa from Algerian coast

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and to identify the volatile bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of the seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var.cylindracea.Methods:Caulerpa racemosa harvested from the intertidal zone of Mostaganem coast(N 35?54’37.94",E 0?3’17.37")was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using methanol,chloroform,and hexane solvents.Antioxidant properties were assessed by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)andβ-carotene bleaching assays.The antibacterial activity was evaluated on six standard bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion method.The GC-MS analysis was performed using non-polar and polar capillary columns.Results:The chloroform extract of Caulerpa racemosa exhibited higher contents of polyphenols[(123.91±1.46)mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract]and tannins[(59.28±5.43)mg catechin equivalent/g dry extract](P<0.001)and was the most effective in scavenging DPPH[(1.98±0.08)mg/m L]and ABTS[(1.66±0.05)mg/m L]radicals.The hexane extract displayed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,producing inhibition zones of(11.16±0.76),(9.00±0.00)and(9.33±1.15)mm,respectively.The l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 4-hydroxy-2 methylproline were among the most abundant volatile compounds.Besides conventional fatty acids,cis-10-heptadecenoic acid,nonahexacontanoic acid,and dodecanoic acid,3-hydroxy-were identified.Two phytosterols were identified:stigmast-5-en-3-ol-(12.9%)and stigmast-5-en-3.beta.-ol,(24 S)-(4.57%).Conclusions:The preliminary identification of the volatile compounds reveals the presence of some new bioactive components not reported previously in Caulerpa racemosa from other geographical areas.Some of these compounds possess an interesting potential for pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications.

Ethnobotanical review and pharmacological properties of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam:Litsea elliptica,Dillenia suffruticosa,Dillenia excelsa,Aidia racemosa,Vitex pinnata and Senna alata

The aim of the current study is to review the medicinal properties of the plants found in Brunei Darussalam namely Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna alata. The known phytochemical constituents of these plants and their ability to bring about a range of biological activities are included in this review. These plants have been used traditionally for a multitude of diseases and illnesses. There is a lot of untapped potential in these medicinal plants which could cure multiple diseases.

Ecological and Chemotypic Analysis for Improved Growth and Management of Naturally Occurring Black Cohosh (<i>Actaea racemosa</i>L.) Populations in Western Maryland

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) is a perennial herb native to deciduous woodlands in eastern North America with an extensive history of traditional use, most commonly for rheumatoid arthritis and female reproductive issues. Modern clinical research has maintained this herb’s relevance into the 21st century with a majority of authentic black cohosh raw material still harvested from naturally occurring populations in Appalachian woodlands for use in botanical supplements. Increased use and interest in black cohosh have led to increased wild harvesting, reports of adulteration, and stress on this important natural resource. In an effort to study this significant medicinal plant as part of an ecosystem, and to understand factors that would contribute to the more effective growth and maintenance of black cohosh, key chemical, physiological, and ecological aspects of two occurring populations in western Maryland were surveyed. Rhizomes were harvested from six populations of naturally occurring black cohosh in two state forests located in the Allegheny Plateau and Ridge and Valley physiogeographic provinces of Maryland. The concentrations of five medicinal compounds found in black cohosh extracts, actein, 23-epi-26-deoxyactein, cafeic acid, ferulicacid, and N-methylserotonin, were compared with plant reproductive status as well as accompanying overstory and under story species, soil moisture, and soil pH at each site. Compound levels showed a complex dependence on physiography but were independent of reproductive state. The findings provide clues to guide efforts at effective growth and management of wild populations of black cohosh and other threatened medicinal plants.

Efficient, Season-Independent Seed Germination in Black Cohosh (<i>Actaea racemosa</i>L.)

Seed germination in black cohosh was systematically examined in eighteen populations including 15 USDA accessions with an effective protocol for the consistent, season independent germination of this valuable alternative specialty crop. Two in vitro approaches were investigated for breaking the complex double dormancy of black cohosh seeds for yearround germination of plants for increased cultivation and laboratory studies. The first approach was a two-step alternating temperature stratification in which surface sterilized seeds were incubated in darkness at 25?C for two weeks followed by incubation at alternating temperatures of 20?C and 8?C for 12-hour periods with a 16-hour photoperiod for 12 months. The second was a three-step-approach that involved initial stratification of seeds in darkness at 25?C for two weeks, followed by incubation at 4?C in darkness for 3 -4 months and then cultivation at 25?C with a 16-hour photoperiod to generate seedlings. Although both approaches broke double dormancy for black cohosh seed germination, the three-step-stratification technique yielded higher percentage seed germination in less time when compared to the two-step scheme, including for seeds stored over two years. Additional factors of critical importance for efficient germination included the selection of healthy and viable seeds, as well as thorough but non-excessive surface sterilization to control bacterial and fungal contamination. The in vitro approach for black cohosh germination allowed year-round cultivation and culture of a number of different genotypic accessions to enable laboratory based studies on cell culture and transformation approaches to aid in deciphering gene-metabolite relationships in this important medicinal plant.

Improvement of Fermented Fish Flour Quality Using Essential Oil Extracted From Fresh Leaves of Pimenta racemosa(Mill.)J.W.Moore

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of Pimenta racemosa in the improvement of fermented fish flour producing technology.Essential oil of Pimenta racemosa was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS.Different types of fermented fish flours from Lesser African Threadfin(Galeoides decadactylus)were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the introduction of a step of essential oil adjunction during the process.Three different essential oil concentrations(0.5,1.0 and 2.0 lL g^(-1))were investigated.Physicochemical,microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the fermented fish flour produced.Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Pimenta racemosa investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of myrcene(25.1%),chavicol(7.5%)and eugenol(51.1%).Fermented fish flour produced have a good nutritional potential.However,on the microbiological level,only samples produced by adjunction of essential oil have a low level of microbial contamination,with an absence of pathogenic microorganisms.

不同处理对2种绿绒蒿种子萌发特性的影响

对比不同GA_(3)浓度、GA_(3)不同浸泡时间、不同温度和不同光照处理对全缘叶绿绒蒿和总状绿绒蒿种子萌发的影响,寻找出最有利于这两种绿绒蒿种子萌发的方法。结果表明:(1)100 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)处理最能促进全缘叶绿绒蒿种子萌发,总状绿绒蒿用300 mg·L^(-1) GA_(3)处理最优,其次为200 mg·L^(-1) GA_(3)处理。(2)而12 h处理和18 h处理为不同GA_(3)处理时间对总状绿绒蒿种子萌发中最优的两个处理;全缘叶绿绒蒿种子GA_(3)三个处理均优于对照。(3)25℃处理与25℃/15℃处理最能促进全缘叶绿绒蒿种子萌发,25℃处理最能促进总状绿绒蒿种子萌发。(4)12 h光照/12 h黑暗交替处理均最能促进全缘叶绿绒蒿种子和总状绿绒蒿种子萌发。

总状蕨藻盾叶变种寡糖的酶解制备及其免疫调节活性的作用机制

将总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖经乳糖酶酶解、膜过滤、透析和冻干制备获得总状蕨藻盾叶变种寡糖(Caulerpa racemosa var.peltate oligosaccharide,CRVO-G),测定CRVO-G的相对分子质量与单糖组成,评价CRVO-G的免疫调节活性,并对其作用机制展开研究。结果显示,CRVO-G主要是由相对分子质量分别为617.115、621.081和995.368的2种四糖和1种六糖组成的寡糖混合物,主要由半乳糖(51.0%)、甘露糖(21.3%)、葡萄糖(11.5%)、木糖(6.5%)、鼠李糖(2.3%)、葡萄糖醛酸(2.0%)、盐酸氨基葡萄糖(1.8%)、岩藻糖(0.8%)、盐酸氨基半乳糖(0.7%)、半乳糖醛酸(0.7%)、甘露糖醛酸(0.7%)和阿拉伯糖(0.6%)组成。此外,CRVO-G具有良好的免疫调节活性,能促进一氧化氮(NO)和免疫因子的释放,如白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α。代谢组学和蛋白免疫印迹结果表明,CRVO-G可以促进巨噬细胞花生四烯酸代谢通路中血栓素A2和15-酮前列腺素F2α的合成,提高环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和核因子κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)的磷酸化蛋白的表达水平。研究表明,在巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞中CRVO-G通过NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2途径发挥免疫调节作用。

间伐修枝对拉关木林下乡土红树植物的影响

为探究保护区内对外来红树拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)人工林不采取剧烈扰动生境的皆伐措施,而通过间伐修枝处理使拉关木逐渐退出更替为乡土红树林的新途径的影响,该研究以海南东寨港国家级自然保护区内拉关木林为研究区域,依托保护区对拉关木林进行间伐修枝,研究拉关木林间伐修枝的调控措施对恢复乡土红树群落的生态效应。结果表明:(1)间伐修枝后拉关木残桩萌枝的无性繁殖削弱了处理效果,但一次干预(50%强度的间伐修枝)和两次干预(50%强度的间伐修枝之后追加一次修枝)2种处理之间,拉关木残桩萌枝的效果没有显著差异。(2)间伐修枝能丰富林下灌木层的乡土红树种类,以及促进其生长,并且两次干预比一次干预的促进作用明显,但对草本层红树幼苗自然更新无显著影响。(3)在未间伐、间伐修枝和林缘3种样地中人工种植乡土红树苗木,间伐修枝对红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)、秋茄(Kandelia obovata)幼苗的存活率有一定的促进作用;间伐修枝对红海榄的生长有接近林缘条件的效果,但效果有限。综上所述,建议在50%强度间伐修枝的基础上加大间伐强度或修枝频率,在林下适当进行乡土红树植物的人工种植,同时清除拉关木残桩萌生的枝条,这样更有利于拉关木林向乡土红树林的转化。

水体镉铅铜复合污染对玉蕊生长及元素吸收的影响

【目的】探究水体Cd-Pb-Cu重金属复合污染对玉蕊Barringtonia racemosa生长和元素吸收的影响,为玉蕊在重金属复合污染湿地修复方面的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以玉蕊为材料,采取室内盆栽试验模拟湿地环境,研究Cd-Pb-Cu复合污染对玉蕊生长、养分吸收和重金属吸收分配的影响。【结果】玉蕊株高在20 mg·L^(−1)Cd+200 mg·L^(−1)Pb+400 mg·L^(−1)Cu污染水平下受到显著抑制,与CK(无污染)相比减少14.20%,各处理地径生长均未受显著影响;在5 mg·L^(−1)Cd+100 mg·L^(−1)Cu+50 mg·L^(−1)Pb污染水平下玉蕊的总生物量较CK显著增加;玉蕊在各处理下氮磷钾养分含量均与CK无显著差异,但全株各养分元素累积量均显著高于CK;Cd-Pb-Cu复合污染增加了玉蕊全株Cd、Pb、Cu含量和累积量,各部位Cd、Pb、Cu含量和累积量均随污染浓度升高呈先升后降趋势;相关性分析表明,复合污染下K和Cu对玉蕊的株高、环境适应能力的影响比其他元素更明显;综合转移系数和聚类分析表明,玉蕊在10 mg·L^(−1)Cd+100 mg·L^(−1)Pb+200 mg·L^(−1)Cu污染水平下具有更强的重金属富集能力和转移能力。【结论】玉蕊对Cd-Pb-Cu复合污染水体具有较强的适应性和修复潜能,在Cd、Pb、Cu污染湿地的生态修复中有较好应用前景。

濒危半红树植物玉蕊研究进展

文章综述了濒危半红树植物玉蕊的研究进展,涵盖了生理生化反应、生态环境与分布、化学成分等方面。在生理生化反应领域,探讨了玉蕊对盐胁迫和潮汐淹浸逆境的生理响应,并分析了玉蕊在不同淹水和盐度胁迫下的适宜生存环境;生态环境与分布调查研究关注了玉蕊在广东雷州半岛的分布情况,评估了玉蕊群落受到的生态干扰及潜在生态损失;化学成分研究揭示了玉蕊中的部分化合物。这些研究为理解玉蕊适应性机制及生态保护提供了科学依据,也意味着玉蕊作为园林观赏植物具备的潜力和应用可能性。但是,目前关于玉蕊的研究尚不充分,特别是化学成分和幼苗生长方面的研究较为有限,未来需进一步深化。