SVD-TLS extending Prony algorithm for extracting UWB radar target feature

A new method, SVD-TLS extending Prony algorithm, is introduced for extracting UWB radar target features. The method is a modified classical Prony method based on singular value decomposition and total least squares that can improve robust for spectrum estimation. Simulation results show that poles and residuum of target echo can be extracted effectively using this method, and at the same time, random noises can be restrained to some degree. It is applicable for target feature extraction such as UWB radar or other high resolution range radars.

A Ka-band Solid-state Transmitter Cloud Radar and Data Merging Algorithm for Its Measurements

This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar（i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3） is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month＇s continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes＇ data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.

Angle estimation in bistatic MIMO radar using improved reduced dimension Capon algorithm

This paper discusses the problem of direction of departure （DOD） and direction of arrival （DOA） estimation for a bistatic multiple input multiple output （MIMO） radar, and proposes an improved reduced-dimension Capon algorithm therein. Compared with the reduced-dimension Capon algorithm which requires pair matching between the two-dimensional angle estimation, the pro- posed algorithm can obtain automatically paired DOD and DOA estimation without debasing the performance of angle estimation in bistatic MIMO radar. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has a lower complexity than the reduced-dimension Capon algorithm, and it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and the Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） is also derived. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.

Using MC Algorithm to Implement 3D Image Reconstruction for Yunnan Weather Radar Data

3D image reconstruction for weather radar data can not only help the weatherman to improve the forecast efficiency and accuracy, but also help people to understand the weather conditions easily and quickly. Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm in the surface rendering has more excellent applicability in 3D reconstruction for the slice images;it may shorten the time to find and calculate the isosurface from raw volume data, reflect the shape structure more accurately. In this paper, we discuss a method to reconstruct the 3D weather cloud image by using the proposed Cube Weighting Interpolation (CWI) and MC algorithm. Firstly, we detail the steps of CWI, apply it to project the raw radar data into the cubes and obtain the equally spaced cloud slice images, then employ MC algorithm to draw the isosurface. Some experiments show that our method has a good effect and simple operation, which may provide an intuitive and effective reference for realizing the 3D surface reconstruction and meteorological image stereo visualization.

HIGH RESOLUTION PARAMETRIC MODELLING FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL RADAR TARGET USING PRONY ALGORITHM

On the conditions of low-resolution radar, a parametric model for two-dimensional radar target is described here according to the theory of electromagnetic scattering and the geometrical theory of diffraction. A high resolution estimation algorithm to extract the model parameters is also developed by building the relation of the scattering model and Prony model. The analysis of Cramer-Rao bound and simulation show that the method here has better statistical performance. The simulated analysis also indicates that the accurate extraction of the diffraction coefficient of scattering center is restricted by signal to noise ratio, radar center frequency and radar bandwidth.

Identification and Removal of Non-meteorological Echoes in Dual-polarization Radar Data Based on a Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

A major issue in radar quantitative precipitation estimation is the contamination of radar echoes by non-meteorological targets such as ground clutter,chaff,clear air echoes etc.In this study,a fuzzy logic algorithm for the identification of non-meteorological echoes is developed using optimized membership functions and weights for the dual-polarization radar located at Mount Sobaek.For selected precipitation and non-meteorological events,the characteristics of the precipitation and non-meteorological echo are derived by the probability density functions of five fuzzy parameters as functions of reflectivity values.The membership functions and weights are then determined by these density functions.Finally,the nonmeteorological echoes are identified by combining the membership functions and weights.The performance is qualitatively evaluated by long-term rain accumulation.The detection accuracy of the fuzzy logic algorithm is calculated using the probability of detection（POD）,false alarm rate（FAR）,and clutter–signal ratio（CSR）.In addition,the issues in using filtered dual-polarization data are alleviated.

合成孔径雷达快速后向投影算法综述

后向投影(BP)算法是合成孔径雷达成像算法发展的重要方向之一。然而,由于BP算法具有较大的计算量,阻碍了其在工程应用上的发展。因此,近年来如何有效地提高BP算法的运算效率受到了广泛的重视。该文讨论了基于多种成像面坐标系的快速BP算法,包括距离-方位平面坐标系、地平面坐标系和非欧氏坐标系。该文首先简要介绍了原始BP算法的原理和不同坐标系对加速BP算法的影响,并对BP算法的发展历程进行梳理。然后讨论了基于不同成像面坐标系的快速BP算法的研究进展,并重点介绍了作者所在研究团队近年来在快速BP成像方面完成的研究工作。最后介绍了快速BP算法在工程上的应用,并展望了未来快速BP成像算法的研究发展趋势。

Techniques for Radar Imaging Based onMUSIC Algorithm

At first, the radar target scattering centers model and MUSIC algorithm are analyzed in this paper. How to efficiently set the parameters of the MUSIC algorithms is given by a great deal of simulated radar data in experiments. After that, according to measured data from two kinds of plane targets on fully polarized and high range resolution radar system, the author mainly investigated particular utilization of MUSIC algorithm in radar imaging. And two-dimensional radar images are generated for two targets measured in compact range. In the end, a conclusion is drew about the relation of radar target scattering properties and imaging results.

Improved chirp scaling algorithm integrated motion compensation for parallel-track bistatic synthetic aperture radar

To compensate motion errors of images from the parallel-track bistatic synthetic aperture radar（BiSAR）,an improved chirp scaling algorithm（CSA） is proposed.Since velocity vector of the moving aircrafts in the parallel-track BiSAR system can not remain invariant in an aperture,an actual aperture is divided into subapertures so that it is reasonable to assume that the aircrafts move with constant acceleration vector in a subaperture.Based on this model,an improved CSA is derived.The new phase factors incorporate three-dimensional acceleration and velocity.The motion compensation procedure is integrated into the CSA without additional operation required.The simulation results show that the presented algorithm can efficiently resolve motion compensation for parallel-track BiSAR.

Radar Imaging Based on Iterative Algorithms

It has long been realized that the problem of radar imaging is a special case of image reconstruction in which the data are incomplete and noisy. In other fields, iterative reconstruction algorithms have been used successfully to improve the image quality. This paper studies the application of iterative algorithms in radar imaging. A discrete model is first derived, and the iterative algorithms are then adapted to radar imaging. Although such algorithms are usually time consuming, this paper shows that, if the algorithms are appropriately simplified, it is possible to realize them even in real time. The efficiency of iterative algorithms is shown through computer simulations.

基于SiamFC的海上舰船跟踪实验设计

为了提高海上舰船跟踪准确率,设计了一种基于SAR图像的海上舰船跟踪实验方案。首先利用三组连续的卫星SAR图像构建数据集,然后根据海上舰船尺寸小、全卷积孪生网络(SiamFC)算法网络层数少的特点,提出将SiamFC算法应用于海上舰船跟踪过程。通过调整模型相关参数,并构建数据集,对模型进行了训练及测试。测试结果表明,该模型具有可行性。为了达到更好的跟踪效果,引入伽马算子对SAR图像进行增强,减少了SAR图像的相干斑点噪声。最后,对改进后的模型进行测试的结果表明,该方案的舰船跟踪准确率大大提高。

基于空域自适应单脉冲的抗干扰雷达多目标参数估计算法

基于空时级联单脉冲的多目标参数高效估计算法(M-STCMP)是一种高效的雷达多目标参数估计算法,但在干扰环境下其参数估计性能将严重下降。文中提出了基于空域自适应单脉冲的抗干扰多目标参数估计(AM-STCMP)算法。首先,将空域自适应单脉冲技术引入M-STCMP算法,自适应形成和差波束抑制干扰信号,提高各目标的信干噪比,并迭代修正自适应和差波束的鉴角曲线;其次,采用空时级联单脉冲技术估计各目标的距离-速度两维参数;最后,采用Relax算法高精度迭代估计各目标的角度-速度-距离三维参数。理论分析和仿真结果验证了AM-STCMP算法的有效性,其参数估计性能接近无干扰情形。

MIMO雷达分组正交波形集优化设计方法

在现代电子对抗中,数字射频存储(DRFM)设备能够快速截获机载脉冲多普勒雷达信号,能够实现对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的干扰。MIMO雷达可基于多组相互正交的波形集来对抗DRFM干扰。同时,为最大化MIMO雷达波形分集增益,每个脉冲内发射的波形也需要正交。为了平衡组内和组间的正交性,文中建立了一种分组正交波形集优化模型,其目标函数为组内和组间相关函数性能评估指标值的加权和;为了求解该优化问题,提出了一种分组正交波形集设计方法。所提方法将原优化问题简化为p-范数优化问题,基于MM算法导出了最小化目标函数的迭代求解表达式。仿真结果表明,所提方法可通过改变权重系数来灵活平衡MIMO雷达的干扰抑制性能和距离压缩性能。

基于无人艇的导航雷达目标检测跟踪算法

在无人艇利用导航雷达进行环境感知的过程中,针对雷达回波图中出现的区域破碎现象以及对运动目标进行跟踪时存在较大误差的问题,提出了一种应用于导航雷达的目标检测跟踪方法提高无人艇对水面目标的检测能力。首先,对雷达原始回波图像解析并进行预处理操作;其次,在图像连通的基础上,设计自适应阈值分割Hausdorff匹配算法对回波图和地图进行匹配,区分属于目标和陆地的回波;然后,对连续两帧的雷达回波图进行目标匹配;最后,通过加入预测序列模型的经验模态分解算法优化检测跟踪结果,提高获取目标信息的准确性。实验验证结果表明:对1 km内相对运动速度低于30节的水面目标,所提方法目标检测概率提升了6.5%,距离误差低于2%,航速误差低于6%,航向误差低于6°,整体性能优于工程中常用的检测跟踪方法。

基于自适应滑动窗均值偏移算法的雷达信号分选

为了应对复杂体制雷达信号分选的要求,提升信号分选的速度和准确性,解决传统信号分选方法的弊端,本文将均值偏移聚类算法引入雷达信号分选,通过改进算法引入滑动窗的自适应更新摆脱了传统分选方法对预设参数的依赖。实验结果表明:自适应滑动窗均值偏移算法在分选准确性和速度上综合表现优于用于对比的传统分选方法,对不同密度的雷达数据集和在脉冲丢失的情况下都可实现较好的分选效果,对捷变频雷达的分选效果良好,并可推知对其他类似体制的雷达均有良好分选效果。本文研究成果可应用于大量数据的多体制雷达的分选优化。

基于相位补偿核的GNSS-SAR改进后向投影成像算法

在利用全球导航卫星系统反射信号(GNSS-R)的无源合成孔径雷达体制中,目前常采用后向投影算法进行成像处理,但该算法逐点精确聚焦的处理过程使得算法的运算量大。针对上述问题,提出了一种数据分块和构造相位补偿核的改进后向投影算法。改进算法对回波矩阵进行分块,将目标区域成像网格点的最长延迟距离与最短延迟距离等间隔划分,建立相位补偿核,通过距离向搜索操作得到各网格点的相位补偿结果,在方位向相干叠加形成子图,递归合并得到最终图像。定量分析得出,改进算法可有效降低运算量,同时节省内存。仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。

基于红外相机和毫米波雷达融合的烟雾遮挡无人驾驶车辆目标检测与跟踪

战场环境下无人驾驶车辆的感知系统易受烟雾、扬尘等天气的影响,对关键目标的检测与跟踪能力大大下降,造成目标漏检、目标误检、目标丢失等严重后果。针对该问题,开发毫米波雷达和红外相机融合系统,采用目标级融合方式建立简洁有效的融合规则,提炼和组合各传感器的优势信息,最终输出稳定的目标感知结果。对毫米波雷达的目标进行有效性检验和提取,并提出改进的基于密度的含噪声空间聚类应用算法,以减少毫米波雷达噪音干扰。以YOLOv4网络为基础,引入MobileNetv2主干网络,在网络训练过程中运用迁移学习方法,同时对红外数据样本进行扩充,解决了红外图像训练样本少的问题。试验结果表明,相较于仅基于红外相机的算法,融合检测算法在烟雾环境下的精度显著提升,且算法实时性高,实现了烟雾环境下毫米波雷达与红外相机融合的目标检测与跟踪,提高了无人驾驶车辆目标检测与跟踪系统的抗烟雾干扰能力。

Modified Omega-K algorithm for processing helicopter-borne frequency modulated continuous waveform rotating synthetic aperture radar data

With appropriate geometry configuration, helicopter- borne rotating synthetic aperture radar （ROSAR） can break through the limitations of monostatic synthetic aperture radar （SAR） on forward-looking imaging. With this capability, ROSAR has extensive potential applications, such as self-navigation and self-landing. Moreover, it has many advantages if combined with the frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） technology. A novel geometric configuration and an imaging algorithm for helicopter-borne FMCW-ROSAR are proposed. Firstly, by per- forming the equivalent phase center principle, the separated trans- mitting and receiving antenna system is equalized to the case of system configuration with antenna for both transmitting and receiving signals. Based on this, the accurate two-dimensional spectrum is obtained and the Doppler frequency shift effect in- duced by the continuous motion of the platform during the long pulse duration is compensated. Next, the impacts of the velocity approximation error on the imaging algorithm are analyzed in de- tail, and the system parameters selection and resolution analysis are presented. The well-focused SAR image is then obtained by using the improved Omega-K algorithm incorporating the accurate compensation method for the velocity approximation error. FJnally, correctness of the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed al- gorithm are demonstrated through simulation results.

基于最大对比度的联合相位误差校正方法

针对高分辨率逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像过程中,因目标转动所引入的转动相位误差无法被忽略,以及由于转动相位误差使得传统平动相位误差校正方法性能严重下降的问题,提出了一种基于最大对比度的联合相位误差校正的方法,可同时校正残余的平动相位误差和转动相位误差,进一步提高成像的质量。首先利用传统的运动补偿方法对回波信号进行处理,其次根据最大对比度准则,将相位误差校正问题转化为最大对比度优化问题,最后利用改进的拟牛顿算法进行求解。该方法能使高分辨率ISAR进行精准成像,且所得图像聚焦效果良好。通过对仿真数据和实测数据的处理,验证了文中方法的有效性。

基于改进鲸鱼算法的多无人机协同欺骗干扰技术

多机协同对组网雷达系统进行航迹欺骗干扰属于大规模优化问题,往往需要利用群体智能算法优化无人机的飞行任务,然而采用传统群体智能算法优化时往往会出现收敛速度慢、求解精度低等问题。针对这一问题,对标准鲸鱼优化算法进行了改进,提出了一种基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的多无人机协同欺骗干扰技术。首先建立了多无人机协同欺骗干扰组网雷达的数学模型以及对应的优化函数,然后在标准鲸鱼优化算法的基础上引入了自适应惯性权值,提高了算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。仿真实验表明,固定无人机数量为9架时,利用改进鲸鱼、标准鲸鱼、粒子群、蚁群4种算法分别优化多机协同欺骗干扰模型,得出改进鲸鱼优化算法平均运行时间最短,迭代次数最少,同时优化产生的实际航迹与理论值误差最小;逐步增加无人机数量至20架,利用上述四种算法进行模型求解时得出改进鲸鱼优化算法在不同无人机架数的条件下产生的假目标航迹条数均优于其他3种算法。