ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT COMBAT SURVIVABILITY ENHANCED BY COMBINED RADAR STEALTH AND ONBOARD ELECTRONIC ATTACK

The combat survivability is an essential factor to be considered in the development of recent military aircraft. Radar stealth and onboard electronic attack are two major techniques for the reduction of aircraft susceptibility. A tactical scenario for a strike mission is presented. The effect of aircraft radar cross section on the detection probability of a threat radar, as well as that of onboard jammer, are investigated. The guidance errors of radar guided surface to air missile and anti aircraft artillery, which are disturbed by radar cross section reduction or jammer radiated power and both of them are determined. The probability of aircraft kill given a single shot is calculated and finally the sortie survivability of an attack aircraft in a supposed hostile thread environment worked out. It is demonstrated that the survivability of a combat aircraft will be greatly enhanced by the combined radar stealth and onboard electronic attack, and the evaluation metho dology is effective and applicable.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AZIMUTH ELECTRONIC BEAM STEERING MODE SPACEBORNE SAR

Pointing angle and pattern of the antenna can be changed swiftly to actualize the azimuth beam scanning by using electronic beam steering, which makes the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system more flexible and achieve a high resolution or cover a long strip within short time span. When the pointing angle is steered away from boresight, some aberrations may appear on the antenna pattern, e.g., the grating lobe appears, the main lobe gain decrease, and antenna pattern broadens, e.g., the aberrations result in the worsening of system performance, and complicate the corresponding performance analysis method. Conventional computation methods of performance parameters do not account for the rapid change of the antenna pattern. It introduces remarkable errors when the scanning angle is large. In this paper, a method of calculating performance parameters is proposed for the beam steering mode, which achieves the parameters by the energy accumulation in time domain. Actually, the proposed method simulates the working process of SAR and obtains accurate performance parameters. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of the grating lobe on the Azimuth Ambiguity to Signal Ratio (AASR), and present the generic Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) choosing principle which can also prevent the ambiguous area from weighting by the grating lobe. Finally, the effect of the antenna configuration on the performance parameters is analyzed by a system example.

Robust adaptive radar beamforming based on iterative training sample selection using kurtosis of generalized inner product statistics

In engineering application,there is only one adaptive weights estimated by most of traditional early warning radars for adaptive interference suppression in a pulse reputation interval(PRI).Therefore,if the training samples used to calculate the weight vector does not contain the jamming,then the jamming cannot be removed by adaptive spatial filtering.If the weight vector is constantly updated in the range dimension,the training data may contain target echo signals,resulting in signal cancellation effect.To cope with the situation that the training samples are contaminated by target signal,an iterative training sample selection method based on non-homogeneous detector(NHD)is proposed in this paper for updating the weight vector in entire range dimension.The principle is presented,and the validity is proven by simulation results.

The nature of electron density enhancement over a wide altitude range during ionosphere heating experiments at EISCAT

During the course of ionospheric heating experiments, researchers at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) observed an apparent electron density enhancement. The enhancement extended over a wide range of altitudes, above the reflection altitude of the high-frequency pump wave. However, whether this enhancement actually corresponds to a true enhancement in electron density remains an open question. When the dispersion relation of ion acoustic waves is followed, the frequency ratio of the enhanced ion line to the background ion line suggests that the profile of the effective ion mass may have remained unchanged. Furthermore, the solar radio flux and ion drift velocity indicate no significant changes in the ion species and their densities. In conclusion, the electron density enhancement observed at EISCAT should not, in fact, be considered a true enhancement.

Deceptive jamming suppression in multistatic radar based on coherent clustering

This paper proposes a suppression method of the deceptive false target(FT) produced by digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) in a multistatic radar system. The simulated deceptive false targets from DRFM cannot be easily discriminated and suppressed with traditional radar systems. Therefore, multistatic radar has attracted considerable interest as it provides improved performance against deception jamming due to several separated receivers. This paper first investigates the received signal model in the presence of multiple false targets in all receivers of the multistatic radar. Then, obtain the propagation time delays of the false targets based on the cross-correlation test of the received signals in different receivers. In doing so, local-density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(LDBSCAN) is proposed to discriminate the FTs from the physical targets(PTs) after compensating the FTs time delays, where the FTs are approximately coincident with one position, while PTs possess small dispersion.Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and validness of the proposed method.

Effect of biased estimation on radar-to-ESM track association

The track association problem of radar and electronic support measure （ESM） has been considered in the literature for several years. This problem is crucial for radar-to-ESM track fusion and is complicated by the presence of individual systematic errors and measurement errors. In order to improve the track association of radar and ESM sensors, a pseudo-linear filtering algorithm is proposed to estimate the target states and improve the stability of the filter. It is found that, however, the correct probability of radar- to-ESM track association decreases as the radar measurement error decreases, when the pseudo-linear filter is used for ESM sensor filtering. In view of the strange phenomenon, this paper analyzes the reason for it by using the statistic theory and further performs Monte Carlo simulation to verify the analysis.

ECCM schemes in netted radar system based ontemporal pulse diversity

For a netted radar system to counteract the deceptionelectronic countermeasure （ECM） signals, an effective electroniccounter countermeasure （ECCM） approach is proposed. The proposedapproach is realized based on the new signaling strategyfor the temporal pulse diversity, which makes use of transmittingpulses at each pulse repetition interval （PRI） with specific transmissionpulse block, and then following proper processing andinformation fusion. The existence of the deceptive ECM signal isconfirmed by one station, while the other stations in the nettedradar with same parameters applied the pulse diversity skillfully.Meanwhile, this method ensured that, pulse diversity can be appliedin netted radar. The performance assessment shows that theproposed solutions are effective in presence of ECM signals. Thisalgorithm has been demonstrated by simulations. The presentedsimulation results are in excellent consensus with theoretical predictions.

THE SYSTEM SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL RADAR

To provide a test platform for Electronic Warfare (EW) system, it is needed to simulate the radar received Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals and radar system functions.This letter gives a description of a radar system simulation software developed for frequencyphase scanning three-dimensional (3-D) radar. Experimental results prove that the software could be used for system evaluation and for training purposes as an attractive alternative to real EW system.

高对抗强博弈场景下雷达波形设计思路

未来陆域突击作战中高对抗强博弈场景使得雷达与目标间博弈日趋激烈,雷达波形作为雷达装备的核心和基础特征,将是提高雷达对目标检测性能的关键因素。该文首先梳理高对抗强博弈场景下的军事需求和发展现状,然后从波形产生与处理、目标和环境信息参数化建模、波形博弈方法等方面展开讨论,可为雷达在复杂电磁环境下如何提升装备作战效能提供设计参考。

雷达协同探测系统新形态与应用研究——复杂电子系统研究

随着智能时代的到来,分布式、网络化、智能化越来越成为雷达探测系统发展的重要技术方向,并促进了雷达组网协同探测技术与应用的不断演进。在专题文章《预警系统协同探测技术研究》的基础上,以未来发展新思维为导向,研究复杂性科学与电子科学的交叉融合,提出了复杂电子系统的新概念内涵;研究网络科学的相关理论应用于电子系统,提出了复杂电子系统网络化协同的新系统形态与技术层级、网络化协同矩阵与状态转移矩阵等;复杂系统是具有涌现和自组织行为的系统,研究提出了复杂电子系统自组织的一种简单规则,仿真了其自组织状态,并分析了系统自组织目标与资源。当复杂电子系统降维为协同探测的功能时,可表征雷达协同探测的应用新形态,呈现出网络化协同与自组织应用等智能行为。

机载有源相控阵火控雷达技术发展

机载火控雷达是战斗机平台获取信息的主要传感器,经历了测距机、脉冲雷达、脉冲多普勒雷达、相控阵雷达的发展历程。文中通过对现有战斗机火控雷达现状分析,结合未来战斗机平台作战需求分析等多个角度分析对机载火控雷达的需求和技术牵引,结合射频一体化、分布式探测、智能蒙皮、隐身探测和芯片化等新兴技术,展望未来机载火控雷达发展趋势,为后续机载火控雷达设计与研究提供参考借鉴。

基于威胁机制-双重深度Q网络的多功能雷达认知干扰决策

针对传统深度Q网络(deep Q network,DQN)在雷达认知干扰决策中容易产生经验遗忘,从而重复执行错误决策的问题,本文提出了一种基于威胁机制双重深度Q网络(threat warning mechanism-double DQN,TW-DDQN)的认知干扰决策方法,该机制包含威胁网络和经验回放2种机制。为了验证算法的有效性,在考虑多功能雷达(multifunctional radar,MFR)工作状态与干扰样式之间的关联性的前提下,搭建了基于认知电子战的仿真环境,分析了雷达与干扰机之间的对抗博弈过程,并且在使用TW-DDQN进行训练的过程中,讨论了威胁半径与威胁步长参数的不同对训练过程的影响。仿真实验结果表明,干扰机通过自主学习成功与雷达进行了长时间的博弈,有80%的概率成功突防,训练效果明显优于传统DQN和优先经验回放DDQN(prioritized experience replay-DDQN,PER-DDQN)。

基于时域编码超表面脉内-脉间编码优化的雷达干扰方法

时域编码超表面是一项可以对电磁波进行时变调制的新技术,针对该技术的调控特性,该文提出了一种基于时域编码超表面脉内-脉间编码优化的雷达干扰方法。首先分别在快时间域和慢时间域建立优化模型,通过优化脉内-脉间相位编码,实现目标能量的搬移,形成距离-多普勒二维图上的欺骗干扰。然后通过遗传算法对该离散优化模型进行求解。另外,该文从超表面编码策略的角度分析了多种调控因素对干扰效果的影响,为实现欺骗干扰的最佳策略提供指导。

基于电磁波的煤岩识别技术研究进展

将电磁波应用于煤岩识别中,可有效提高煤岩界面分辨能力。结合煤岩界面模型,阐述了运用电磁波技术进行煤岩识别的原理;介绍了γ射线法、雷达探测法、太赫兹信号法、电子共振法、X射线法和红外热成像法6种具体的煤岩识别方法,分析了各方法的原理,对各方法的优缺点及煤矿井下适用性进行了对比,并结合实际工业应用分析了各方法的研究现状。γ射线法在探测距离上具有显著优势,但存在放射性问题,基本被淘汰;雷达探测法具有识别准确的优点,但由于其信号衰减严重,探测距离短,目前一般应用于薄煤层测厚;太赫兹信号法探测距离短,只有在井下环境组成稳定时才能应用;电子共振法信号衰减严重,探测距离较短且难度较大,所以目前矿井基本摒弃;X射线法穿透性强,成像较清晰,但危害性极大;红外热成像法中,主动红外激励法需耗费大量时间对煤岩进行激励,且在处于高瓦斯的矿井环境中,存在极大的安全隐患;截割闪温法虽耗时较短,但对于截齿多、排布复杂的情况很难实现有效的煤岩识别。指出电磁波回波信息决定着电磁波煤岩识别的准确性,后续应对其进行深层次挖掘。

基于大回旋电子注的高次谐波回旋行波管

回旋行波管兼具高功率、宽频带特性,在毫米波高分辨成像雷达、电子对抗等重要军事领域具有广泛的应用前景。基于大回旋电子注的回旋行波放大器可工作于高次谐波状态,大大降低了工作磁场,甚至可实现无超导工作,提高了回旋行波管使用的灵活性和机动性。本文优化设计了一支Ka波段二次谐波大回旋行波管,采用具有介质加载的纵向开槽互作用高频结构有效抑制返波振荡,提高了器件工作的稳定性。利用三维粒子仿真,对大回旋行波管注-波互作用过程进行了模拟。结果表明,在电子注电压为70 kV,电流为6.5 A时,磁场可降低至0.642 T,输出功率达到106.5 kW,带宽为2.10 GHz,最大增益为35 dB。

量子信息技术在未来电子对抗中的前景展望

量子信息技术飞速发展,已成为研究热点,并逐步走向未来战场应用,可极大改变敌我战场态势,威胁我方电子对抗装备系统作战效能。为应对量子信息技术带来的安全威胁以及算力威胁,全面提升我国电子对抗装备具备远程精确化、智能自动化、隐身无人化等特点,是未来重点研究领域,关系着未来战场走向。文章结合量子技术特点,重点分析了量子测量、量子雷达探测以及量子保密通信等量子信息技术国内外发展现状,以及该技术对现代电子对抗应用的潜在影响,并提出量子信息技术与电子对抗技术融合发展思路,构想量子信息技术在电子对抗装备领域应用的模式,并对未来“量子-电子对抗”技术进行前景展望,努力争夺未来量子-电子领域制高点。

一种基于时间编码超表面的ISAR干扰方法

时间编码超表面具备对电磁波的调制能力,从而有效改变反射电磁波的特性,达到改变目标特性的目的。基于超表面的调控特性,设计了一种周期时间编码的逆合成孔径雷达(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar,ISAR)干扰方法。分析了时间编码超表面的相位调制机理,建立了时间编码序列模型,通过设计优化时间编码序列的相关参数,形成对雷达在距离向上的欺骗干扰。通过理论推导,分析了时间编码调制参数对假目标位置、幅度等的影响。仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以根据信号参数生成数量可控、位置可变的虚假目标,距离向干扰范围扩展至2倍以上,从而实现不同的干扰效果,在电子对抗等方面具有较高的应用价值。

基于极大似然估计的非理想场景雷达信号分选算法

目前,已有研究针对理想条件下的雷达脉冲信号分选问题进行了详细阐述,但是缺乏杂散脉冲和缺失脉冲两种非理想情景下的模型表征。为解决这一问题,提出了一种基于极大似然估计的非理想场景雷达信号分选算法。该算法通过修正似然因子来表征杂散脉冲和缺失脉冲现象,提高在复杂场景下的分选准确率。当部分雷达先验信息已知时,所提算法模型具有更好的分选效果。仿真实验结果表明,与已有的极大似然模型和深度学习算法相比,所提算法在分选准确率上有显著提升,具有较高的应用价值。

基于快慢时间平均变化率的SAR欺骗干扰方法研究

对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)实施欺骗干扰,干扰方通常需要预先获取一些关键干扰参数,如SAR载机平台到干扰机的最近斜距、信号调频斜率、中心频率等,获取这些参数通常需要复杂的侦察设备。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于快慢时间平均变化率的SAR欺骗干扰方法。干扰机截获到SAR信号后,通过求解快慢时间的平均变化率,可巧妙获得干扰信号距离向和方位向的调制相位项,从而实现对SAR的欺骗干扰。所提方法仅需SAR信号脉冲重复频率和载机平台速度,有效地解决了需复杂设备侦察上述关键参数的难题,简化了干扰系统的配置。研究表明,所提方法假目标聚焦效果良好,即使平台速度估计存在误差,仅会影响假目标方位向位置误差,对假目标的成像聚焦效果几乎没有影响。

浅析毫米波雷达在汽车电子中的应用

随着车载探测技术的创新变革以及汽车产业的高速发展,汽车环境感知与自动安全驾驶的迫切需求对车载传感器的性能与环境适应能力提出了更高要求。毫米波雷达以其高精度、高集成、低成本及全天候全天时工作的特性成为支撑智能辅助甚至自动驾驶的核心车载传感器,特别在复杂环境下车载毫米波雷达的研发受到重点关注。文中主要介绍了当前毫米波雷达的发展现状,论述了其工作原理、分类及特征,着重分析了毫米波雷达与传统车载传感器的区别和优势以及在研发过程中存在的问题,并指出毫米波雷达在汽车自动驾驶和先进驾驶辅助系统中获得广泛应用。