ASSP-BASED RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING

This paper proposes the Application Specific Signal Processor(ASSP)-based implementation of the real-time signal processing system in both spatial domain and time domain for a phased-array radar. This paper also proposes the system-on-silicon hardware design of some ASSPs including the adaptive beamformer, FFT appliation specific integrated circuit, clutter map former and update, moving target extractor and video integrator. The advantages of the processing system are compact, efficient, and robust.

SIGNAL PROCESSING IN SATELLITE-BORNE RADAR ALTIMETER

A new Suboptimal Maximum Likelihood Estimation (SMLE) algorithm based on full-deramp model and its implementation in satellite-borne radar altimeter are presented, with emphasis on the influence of both the return fluctuation and the receiver noise on height and slope estimation precision. Some conclusions are obtained and verified by computer simulation.

Radar Emitter Signal Recognition Using Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machines

This paper presents a novel method for radar emitter signal recognition. First, wavelet packet transform （WPT） is introduced to extract features from radar emitter signals. Then, rough set theory is used to select the optimal feature subset with good discriminability from original feature set, and support vector machines （SVMs） are employed to design classifiers. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed method achieves very high recognition rates for 9 radar emitter signals in a wide range of signal-to-noise rates, and proves a feasible and valid method.

Recognition Method Based on Wigner-Hough Transform for Poly-Phase Code Radar Signal

In order to solve the recognition of polyphase code radar signal, this paper gives two methods based on Frank code, i.e. the high-order spectrum recognition method and the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) method, by analyzing the micro characteristics of polyphase code signals in time and frequency domain respectively. And a recognition algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform (WHT) is developed in this paper. We verify the validity of each method by computer simulation and give relative merits and demerits. A set of results demonstrate that the algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform has better recognition performance in low signal-to-noise (SNR) than others.

Radar Emitter Signal Recognition Based on Complexity Features

Intra-pulse characteristics of different radar emitter signals reflect on signal waveform by way of changing frequency, phase and amplitude. A novel approach was proposed to extract complexity features of radar emitter signals in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and radial basis probability neural network (RBPNN) was used to recognize different radar emitter signals. Complexity features, including Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) and correlation dimension (CD), can measure the complexity and irregularity of signals, which mirrors the intra-pulse modulation laws of radar emitter signals. In an experiment, LZC and CD features of 10 typical radar emitter signals were extracted and RBPNN was applied to identify the 10 radar emitter signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective and has good application values because average accurate recognition rate is high when SNR varies in a wide range.

Long term integration of radar signals with unknown Doppler shift for ubiquitous radar

Ubiquitous radar is a new radar system that provides continuous and uninterrupted multifunction capability within a coverage volume. Continuous coverage from close-in ＂pop-up＂ targets in clutter to long-range targets impacts selection of waveform parameters. The coherent processing interval （CPI） must be long enough to achieve a certain signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） that ensures the efficiency of detection. The condition of detection in the case of low SNR is analyzed, and three different cases that would occur during integration are discussed and a method to determine the CPI is presented. The simulation results show that targets detection with SNR as low as -26 dB in the experimental system can possibly determine the CPI.

Polarimetric super-resolution algorithm for radar range imaging via spatial smoothing processing

A full-polarimetric super-resolution algorithm with spatial smoothing processing is presented for one-dimensional（1-D）radar imaging.The coherence between scattering centers is minimized by using spatial smoothing processing（SSP）.Then the range and polarimetric scattering matrix of the scattering centers are estimated.The impact of different lengths of the smoothing window on the imaging quality is mainly analyzed with different signal-to-noise ratios（SNR）.Simulation and experimental results show that an improved radar super-resolution range profile and more precise estimation can be obtained by adjusting the length of the smoothing window under different SNR conditions.

合成孔径雷达高分辨率成像虚拟仿真实验平台设计

合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)系统组成复杂,搭载于飞机、卫星等运动平台上才可实现数据获取,难以开展基于SAR雷达实物的实验教学。为解决此问题,设计并搭建了SAR高分辨率成像虚拟仿真实验平台。该虚拟仿真实验平台将系统设计技术、实验设计技术、数据采集过程、信号处理技术、图像评估技术等SAR实验的完整流程进行了高展示度、高保真度、高交互性的计算机模拟。一方面,该虚拟仿真实验可以帮助学生理解SAR设计、工作和应用的流程,巩固相关课程基础知识,激发学习雷达信号处理知识的兴趣;另一方面,可以考查学生对相关知识的综合应用能力,增强学生解决实际问题的技能。该仿真平台已成功应用于虚拟仿真教学课程实践,教学效果良好,对培养新工科技术型人才具有重要意义。

多功能雷达总体数据分析系统设计与实现

多功能一体化是雷达发展的必然趋势,随着功能的增加,多模式间切换频繁调度复杂,系统调试工作量呈指数增长,数据分析与管理的难度增大。为提高多功能雷达数据分析效率,辅助问题定位分析与系统状态检查,加快雷达研制进程,分析了总体数据分析在雷达研制和使用阶段的重要作用,研究了雷达总体数据分析软件的需求与系统设计,并通过Matlab进行实现。该软件可以分析雷达多环节数据,并以表格和图像的形式呈现分析结果。经过实验数据验证,该软件能够有效地提高分析效率,进行雷达状态判断和性能评估,快速发现与定位问题。

Entropy function optimization for radar imaging

The convergence performance of the minimum entropy auto-focusing（MEA） algorithm for inverse synthetic aperture radar（ISAR） imaging is analyzed by simulation. The results show that a local optimal solution problem exists in the MEA algorithm. The cost function of the MEA algorithm is not a downward-convex function of multidimensional phases to be compensated. Only when the initial values of the compensated phases are chosen to be near the global minimal point of the entropy function, the MEA algorithm can converge to a global optimal solution. To study the optimal solution problem of the MEA algorithm, a new scheme of entropy function optimization for radar imaging is presented. First, the initial values of the compensated phases are estimated by using the modified Doppler centroid tracking （DCT）algorithm. Since these values are obtained according to the maximum likelihood （ML） principle, the initial phases can be located near the optimal solution values. Then, a fast MEA algorithm is used for the local searching process and the global optimal solution can be obtained. The simulation results show that this scheme can realize the global optimization of the MEA algorithm and can avoid the selection and adjustment of parameters such as iteration step lengths, threshold values, etc.

高频雷达中射频干扰的RD图表现机理与建模仿真

射频干扰对于高频超视距雷达是一大威胁。本文研究射频干扰的距离-多普勒图表现机理和建模方法,分析了射频干扰频域特性与距离-多普勒图表现的关系,讨论了雷达信号处理中的射频干扰信号频谱变化。根据高斯白噪声通过线性滤波器的特性,设计滤波器响应函数来产生不同频谱和距离-多普勒图形态的射频干扰。基于以上研究,本文将射频干扰分为单频、窄带和宽带3类,归纳出射频干扰的距离-多普勒图表现机理,并提出了基于卷积的射频干扰新型建模方法。实测数据和仿真表明:本文对射频干扰距离-多普勒图表现机理分析合理,建模方法能很好地模拟多数实测干扰距离-多普勒图形态。

基于毫米波雷达的心房颤动检测

提出一种基于毫米波雷达的非接触式实时心房颤动检测技术。首先使用60 GHz的PCR毫米波雷达持续采集目标对象的胸部回波信号,然后通过I-Q解调生成I-Q信号,接着基于有效点相位趋势评估法提取信号相位信息并获得微动信号,再经过数字滤波提取呼吸信号和心动信号,通过特征提取获得心脏运动特征,最后基于时域房颤波特征判断房颤发生情况。本研究的创新性主要体现在:为提取更精确的信号相位信息,提出有效点相位趋势评估法;为实现实时房颤检测,提出时域房颤判别方法。实验结果表明本研究的心房颤动检测系统对临床患者的房颤检测准确率达99.2%。

Angle estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with unknown mutual coupling based on three-way compressive sensing

The problem of angle estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output radar in the present of unknown mutual coupling (MC) is investigated, and a three-way compressive sensing (TWCS) estimation algorithm is developed. To exploit the inherent multi-dimensional structure of received data, a trilinear tensor model is firstly formulated. Then the de-coupling operation is followed. Thereafter, the high-order singular value decomposition is applied to compress the high dimensional tensor to a much smaller one. The estimation of the compressed direction matrices are linked to the compressed trilinear model, and finally two over-complete dictionaries are constructed for angle estimation. Also, Cramer-Rao bounds for angle and MC estimation are derived. The proposed TWCS algorithm is effective from the perspective of estimation accuracy as well as the computational complexity, and it can achieve automatically paired angle estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method has much better estimation accuracy than the existing algorithms in the low signal-to-noise ratio scenario, and its estimation performance is very close to the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm at the high SNR regions. © 2017 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

一种采用集成装袋树的雷达多次回波分类方法

传统雷达多次回波分类方法容易受到目标类型和幅度起伏特性等因素的影响,其泛化性和准确性难以满足雷达装备实际需求。针对该问题,提出了一种采用集成装袋树的雷达多次回波分类方法。该方法首先对雷达多脉冲回波数据进行幅度对数变换和相邻脉冲幅度补齐预处理操作,然后利用决策树算法从标注的训练数据中学习雷达多次回波在脉冲维的幅度起伏特征,最后通过多个分类器的集成实现对雷达多次回波的准确分类。实测雷达数据验证结果表明,所提方法分类准确率达到了95.9%,可有效提升雷达多次回波的分类性能,并且不依赖于经验门限的特性,增强了其泛化能力。

基于雷达和视频融合的目标检测

基于视频的目标检测在恶劣天气情况下识别效果较差,故需弥补视频缺陷、提高检测框架的鲁棒性。针对此问题,文中设计了一个基于雷达和视频融合的目标检测框架,利用YOLOv5(You Only Look Once version 5)网络获得图片特征图与图片检测框,利用基于密度的聚类获得雷达检测框,并将雷达数据进行编码,得到基于雷达信息的目标检测结果。最后将两者的检测框叠加得到新ROI(Region of Interest),并得到融合雷达信息后的分类向量,提高了在极端天气下检测的准确率。实验结果表明,该框架的mAP(mean Average Precision)达到了60.07%,且参数量仅为7.64×10^(6),表明该框架具有轻量级、计算速度快、鲁棒性高等特点,可以被广泛应用于嵌入式与移动端平台。

基于HMM的逆雷达辐射源状态识别推理方法

雷达对抗场景中雷达方和干扰方相互感知、识别以及博弈对抗.针对雷达方对干扰方系统内部状态的非合作识别推理的问题,提出了一种对干扰系统中雷达辐射源状态识别模块处理结果进行逆向估计的方法.建立了逆状态识别任务模型,任务中的干扰系统根据雷达工作状态识别结果对其干扰动作进行优化,雷达方则基于对干扰方干扰样式序列的观测,估计干扰方对雷达工作状态的识别结果;设计了基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的逆状态识别任务求解方法,具体包括通过自适应粒子群算法进行模型参数初始化,采取多观测序列的鲍姆-韦尔奇算法进行模型参数估计,采用对数维特比算法估计干扰方的雷达状态识别结果;通过典型雷达对抗场景设定下的数字仿真验证了所给逆状态识别方法的可行性和有效性.

Doppler radar by using single multicarrier pulse based on optical fibre delay lines

The proposed Doppler measurement technique shows that the Doppler measurements can be accomplished by a single pulse with multiple frequency components through optical fibre delay lines.Range and velocity ambiguity can be removed,and the velocity resolution can be improved dramatically by using long optical fibre delay lines.Furthermore,the velocity resolution can be modified by adjusting the length of optical fibre delay lines.In addition,the proposed radar can achieve high range resolution by using a single wideband pulse.As a result,the new approach can improve radar performance significantly.

极化雷达图像目标超分辨率重建研究进展

成像雷达具有全天时、全天候的观测能力,能够通过成像处理获得目标雷达图像信息,是对地观测、侦察监视等民用和军用领域中的重要遥感设备。高分辨率雷达图像能够提供目标的详细轮廓和精细结构,有利于后续目标分类识别等应用。对获取的雷达图像,如何利用信号和信息处理等理论方法进一步提升分辨率,突破分辨率瑞利极限,具有重要的科学研究和实际应用价值。另一方面,作为电磁波的重要属性之一,极化在目标特性的获取和挖掘中发挥着重要作用,能够为目标超分辨率重建带来丰富信息。为此,该文梳理了极化雷达图像目标超分辨率重建的概念及性能评价指标,并重点归纳整理了极化雷达图像目标超分辨率重建方法及其应用。最后,总结了现有方法的局限性并展望了未来的技术发展趋势。

基于毫米波雷达三维点云的室内跌倒检测

全球老龄化时代的到来引发的老年人健康监护问题不可忽视,而室内跌倒对独居的老年人有非常大的安全隐患。因此,为准确检测到跌倒动作,使用毫米波雷达三维点云信息进行室内跌倒检测,并提出一种基于外部注意力机制的PointLSTM网络实现三维点云在时序的分类。通过MIMO体制的毫米波雷达芯片采集人体动作的回波信号,利用集成雷达基带处理器的微控制器实现信号处理的部分,可将原始数据实时转换成三维点云,并提高点云处理中的计算速度及雷达硬件的整体性能。基于外部注意力机制的PointLSTM网络可实现点云在时空中的提取特征和分类识别,网络改进了PointLSTM帧间点信息的流失问题,并在信息提取中对所有数据实现特征联系,外部注意力机制通过独立的可学习参数优化了网络复杂度和识别精确率。实验结果表明,所提出的方法在室内环境下检测准确率可以达到98.3%,可以有效区分动作的类别,并验证了使用毫米波雷达三维点云检测人体跌倒的可行性。

雷达微弱目标智能化处理技术与应用

雷达微弱目标处理是实现优异探测性能的基础和前提,在复杂的实际环境应用过程中,由于强杂波干扰、目标信号微弱、图像特征不明显、有效特征难提取等问题,导致雷达微弱目标检测与识别一直是雷达处理领域中的难点之一。传统模型类处理方法与实际工作背景和目标特性匹配不精准,导致通用性不强。近年来,深度学习在雷达智能信息处理领域取得了显著进展,深度学习算法通过构建深层神经网络,可以自动地从大量雷达数据中学习特征表示,提高目标检测和识别的性能。该文分别从雷达目标微弱信号处理、图像处理、特征学习等多个方面系统梳理和总结近年来雷达微弱目标智能化处理的研究进展,具体包括噪声与杂波抑制、微弱目标信号增强;低、高分辨雷达图像和特征图处理;特征提取、融合、目标分类与识别等。针对目前微弱目标智能化处理应用存在的泛化能力有限、特征单一、可解释性不足等问题,从小样本目标检测(迁移学习、强化学习)、多维多特征融合检测、网络模型可解释性、知识与数据联合驱动等方面对未来发展进行了展望。