We investigated the balance of free radicals in different tissues (liver, heart, brain and muscle) of rats in course of in vivo and in vitro processing by Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (MLO) and Montivipera raddei (MR) ...We investigated the balance of free radicals in different tissues (liver, heart, brain and muscle) of rats in course of in vivo and in vitro processing by Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (MLO) and Montivipera raddei (MR) snake venoms. Chemiluminescence (ChL) levels were examined in tissue assays after incubation (at 37 °C for a period of 10 min) with venom for in vitro experiments and in tissue assays isolated of 10 min after venom injection for in vivo experiments. The TBA-test was also performed to confirm the free radical expression. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in isolated tissues were detected by spectro-photometry. During the in vitro processing chemiluminescence levels of tissue homogenates significantly decreased, while in course of in vivo intoxication the level of ChL was elevated in brain and liver;lipid peroxidation also increased in brain tissue, but there was no significant balance change in other tissues;the activity of superoxide dismutase mainly correlated with changes of free radical balance during intoxication. On the contrary, the activity of glutathione peroxidase showed the reverse tendencies to change. We suggest that free radicals and their oxidative stresses may play a role in the early stage of intoxication causing the so-named “spreading-effect”, which is very characteristic for the venom of vipers.展开更多
Based on extensive field work in the northern Zagros Mountains, a new subspecies of Darevskia raddei （Boettger, 1892） from the west Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran is described. The new subspecies is distingu...Based on extensive field work in the northern Zagros Mountains, a new subspecies of Darevskia raddei （Boettger, 1892） from the west Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran is described. The new subspecies is distinguishable from all the other three subspecies of D. raddei based on the combination of several distinguishing characters, such as dorsal body with 50-55 oval to round, smooth, or very weakly keeled, scales, 25-31 scales across the gular region, 18-20 femoral pores on each side of body （reaching the knee）, 29-31 tuberculate lamellae under the fourth toe, 11-12 supraciliaries, 9-11 collars and a specific color pattern. The new subspecies meets all the morphological characters described by Eiselt et al. （1993） for an undefined and intermediate form between D. raddei raddei in the east of and D. r vanensis in the west of the distribution range of the species.展开更多
Our findings represent the first report of the antitumor activity of the disintegrin-like components from the venom of Armenian viper (M. raddei). The venom of M. raddei was separated by reverse phase high-performance...Our findings represent the first report of the antitumor activity of the disintegrin-like components from the venom of Armenian viper (M. raddei). The venom of M. raddei was separated by reverse phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography (RP HPLC), and individual fractions were analyzed for disintegrin activity. Disintegrin-like components from the venom of M. raddei, by blocking integrins on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435), not only interferes with adhesion of breast cancer cells to the extracellular matrix, but also inhibits cellular mobility which is essential for cancer invasion. These effects seriously curtail the metastatic capability of the MDA-MB-435 cells.展开更多
栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)是我国东北危害栎树的重要害虫。在对其进行生物防治研究中,通过功能反应实验方法探讨了利用寄生蜂白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao对栗山天牛低龄幼虫的寄生作用。结果表明:白蜡吉...栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)是我国东北危害栎树的重要害虫。在对其进行生物防治研究中,通过功能反应实验方法探讨了利用寄生蜂白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao对栗山天牛低龄幼虫的寄生作用。结果表明:白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在取食寄主补充营养的过程中,对栗山天牛1～2龄小幼虫的致死作用随着寄主密度的增加而显著提高,功能反应符合HollingⅡ型方程,平均每日最大致死量为0.53头。寄生作用功能反应符合HollingⅠ型方程,寻找时间21d内的寄主密度阈限为4头。当该肿腿蜂密度固定为1头时,对栗山天牛致死作用和寄生作用的寻找效率均随寄主密度的上升而降低。当寄主密度固定不变时,随着寄生蜂密度的增加寄主的死亡数量线性升高,被寄生的寄主数量也上升,但该肿腿蜂对栗山天牛低龄幼虫致死作用和寄生作用的寻找效应均显著下降,表明白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂是防治栗山天牛低龄幼虫的良好天敌。研究结果对于合理评价白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在生产上的控害能力和制定寄生蜂的林间释放应用技术规程提供了依据。展开更多
白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao（膜翅目Hymenoptera：肿腿蜂科Bethylidae）是防治栗山天牛Massicus raddei Blessig幼龄幼虫的优秀天敌。为了明确白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛幼虫的最佳虫期和放蜂比例，我们首先在...白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao（膜翅目Hymenoptera：肿腿蜂科Bethylidae）是防治栗山天牛Massicus raddei Blessig幼龄幼虫的优秀天敌。为了明确白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛幼虫的最佳虫期和放蜂比例，我们首先在室内研究了不同放蜂比例对栗山天牛幼龄幼虫的防治效果，然后研究了林间白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对栗山天牛幼虫的寄生效果，并测定了该肿腿蜂的过冷却点。结果表明，释放白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛最佳虫期为栗山天牛1～2龄幼虫期，其寄生率和致死率均较高。在栗山天牛为害较重的林区，释放白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛的最佳虫蜂比为1：3，其寄生率最高，而且白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂在补充营养过程中会直接致死较多幼虫，其产生的子代数量也最多，有利于白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在林间建立稳定的种群。在栗山天牛为害程度较轻的林区，按虫蜂比1：1释放即可。经测定，白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂林间种群的成虫过冷却点平均为-26.2℃，表明白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂能够在东北林区栗山天牛发生林分安全越冬。展开更多
文摘We investigated the balance of free radicals in different tissues (liver, heart, brain and muscle) of rats in course of in vivo and in vitro processing by Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (MLO) and Montivipera raddei (MR) snake venoms. Chemiluminescence (ChL) levels were examined in tissue assays after incubation (at 37 °C for a period of 10 min) with venom for in vitro experiments and in tissue assays isolated of 10 min after venom injection for in vivo experiments. The TBA-test was also performed to confirm the free radical expression. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in isolated tissues were detected by spectro-photometry. During the in vitro processing chemiluminescence levels of tissue homogenates significantly decreased, while in course of in vivo intoxication the level of ChL was elevated in brain and liver;lipid peroxidation also increased in brain tissue, but there was no significant balance change in other tissues;the activity of superoxide dismutase mainly correlated with changes of free radical balance during intoxication. On the contrary, the activity of glutathione peroxidase showed the reverse tendencies to change. We suggest that free radicals and their oxidative stresses may play a role in the early stage of intoxication causing the so-named “spreading-effect”, which is very characteristic for the venom of vipers.
文摘Based on extensive field work in the northern Zagros Mountains, a new subspecies of Darevskia raddei （Boettger, 1892） from the west Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran is described. The new subspecies is distinguishable from all the other three subspecies of D. raddei based on the combination of several distinguishing characters, such as dorsal body with 50-55 oval to round, smooth, or very weakly keeled, scales, 25-31 scales across the gular region, 18-20 femoral pores on each side of body （reaching the knee）, 29-31 tuberculate lamellae under the fourth toe, 11-12 supraciliaries, 9-11 collars and a specific color pattern. The new subspecies meets all the morphological characters described by Eiselt et al. （1993） for an undefined and intermediate form between D. raddei raddei in the east of and D. r vanensis in the west of the distribution range of the species.
文摘Our findings represent the first report of the antitumor activity of the disintegrin-like components from the venom of Armenian viper (M. raddei). The venom of M. raddei was separated by reverse phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography (RP HPLC), and individual fractions were analyzed for disintegrin activity. Disintegrin-like components from the venom of M. raddei, by blocking integrins on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435), not only interferes with adhesion of breast cancer cells to the extracellular matrix, but also inhibits cellular mobility which is essential for cancer invasion. These effects seriously curtail the metastatic capability of the MDA-MB-435 cells.
文摘栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)是我国东北危害栎树的重要害虫。在对其进行生物防治研究中,通过功能反应实验方法探讨了利用寄生蜂白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao对栗山天牛低龄幼虫的寄生作用。结果表明:白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在取食寄主补充营养的过程中,对栗山天牛1～2龄小幼虫的致死作用随着寄主密度的增加而显著提高,功能反应符合HollingⅡ型方程,平均每日最大致死量为0.53头。寄生作用功能反应符合HollingⅠ型方程,寻找时间21d内的寄主密度阈限为4头。当该肿腿蜂密度固定为1头时,对栗山天牛致死作用和寄生作用的寻找效率均随寄主密度的上升而降低。当寄主密度固定不变时,随着寄生蜂密度的增加寄主的死亡数量线性升高,被寄生的寄主数量也上升,但该肿腿蜂对栗山天牛低龄幼虫致死作用和寄生作用的寻找效应均显著下降,表明白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂是防治栗山天牛低龄幼虫的良好天敌。研究结果对于合理评价白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在生产上的控害能力和制定寄生蜂的林间释放应用技术规程提供了依据。
文摘白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao（膜翅目Hymenoptera：肿腿蜂科Bethylidae）是防治栗山天牛Massicus raddei Blessig幼龄幼虫的优秀天敌。为了明确白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛幼虫的最佳虫期和放蜂比例，我们首先在室内研究了不同放蜂比例对栗山天牛幼龄幼虫的防治效果，然后研究了林间白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对栗山天牛幼虫的寄生效果，并测定了该肿腿蜂的过冷却点。结果表明，释放白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛最佳虫期为栗山天牛1～2龄幼虫期，其寄生率和致死率均较高。在栗山天牛为害较重的林区，释放白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治栗山天牛的最佳虫蜂比为1：3，其寄生率最高，而且白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂在补充营养过程中会直接致死较多幼虫，其产生的子代数量也最多，有利于白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在林间建立稳定的种群。在栗山天牛为害程度较轻的林区，按虫蜂比1：1释放即可。经测定，白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂林间种群的成虫过冷却点平均为-26.2℃，表明白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂能够在东北林区栗山天牛发生林分安全越冬。
