Feasibility Analysis on the Integrated Application of Solar Energy, Biogas, Coal-fired Boiler and Radiant Floor Heating for Rural Residence

The feasibility of adopting a balanced energy mix mode (domestic solar energy, biogas, coal-fired boiler and radiant floor heating) was proposed. Taking a typical rural residence in Zhengzhou City for example, the study through theoretical analysis and calculation showed that such a balanced energy mix is an economic way and efficient in saving energy and reducing air pollution, and elaborated the theoretical feasibility of popularizing such a heat supply mode in rural areas.

Evaluation of the thermal performance of radiant floor heating system with the influence of unevenly distributed solar radiation based on the theory of discretization

In the building with many transparent envelopes,solar radiation can irradiate on the local surface of floor and cause overheating.The local thermal comfort in the room will be dissatisfactory and the thermal performance of radiant floor will be strongly affected.However,in many current calculation models,solar radiation on the floor surface is assumed to be uniformly distributed,resulting in the inaccurate evaluation of the thermal performance of the radiant floor.In this paper,a calculation model based on the theory of discretization and the RC thermal network is proposed to calculate the dynamic thermal performance of radiant floor with the consideration of unevenly distributed solar radiation.Then,the discretization model is experimentally validated and is used to simulate a radiant floor heating system of an office room in Lhasa.It is found that with the unevenly distributed solar radiation,the maximum surface temperature near the south exterior window can reach up to 35.6℃,which exceeds the comfort temperature limit and is nearly 8.5℃higher than that in the north zone.Meanwhile,the heating capacity of the radiant floor in the irradiated zone can reach up to 171 W/m^(2),while that in the shaded zone is only 79 W/m^(2).The model with the assumption of uniformly distributed solar radiation ignores the differences between the south and north zones and fails to describe local overheating in the irradiated zones.By contrast,the discretization model can more accurately evaluate the thermal performance of radiant floor with the influence of real solar radiation.Based on this discretization model,novel design and control schemes of radiant floor heating system can be proposed to alleviate local overheating and reduce heating capacity in the irradiated zone.

Performance simulation and optimization of new radiant floor heating based on micro heat pipe array

This paper proposes two new radiant floor heating structures based on micro heat pipe array(MHPA),namely cement-tile floor and keel-wood floor.The numerical models for these different floor structures are established and verified by experiments.The temperature distribution and heat transfer process of each part are comprehensively obtained,and the structure is optimized.The results show that the cement-tile floor has the better heat transfer performance of the two.When under the same inlet water temperature and flow rate,the keel-wood floor's surface temperature distribution is about 2℃ lower than that of the cement-tile floor.The inlet water temperature of cement-tile floor is about 10℃ lower than that of keel-wood structure when the floor surface temperature is the same.During a longitudinal heat transfer above MHPA,the floor surface temperature decreases by 0.5℃ for every 10 mm filling layer increase.In order to reduce the non-uniformity of the floor's surface temperature and improve the thermal comfort of the heated room,the optimal structure for a floor is given,with the maximum surface temperature difference reduced by 3.35℃.We used research focusing on new radiant floor heating,with advantages including high efficiency heat transfer,low water supply temperature,simple waterway structure,low resistance and leakage risk,to provide theory and data to support the application of an effective radiant floor heating based on MHPA.

Dynamic Research on Cold Storage Performance of a Standard Radiant Floor Cooling System for Office Buildings in Northern China

Due to the wide application of floor heating systems, the radiant floor cooling systems has developed rapidly in recent years. In this paper, TRNSYS numerical simulation methods are used to study the influence of chilled water supply temperature and flow rate on the cold storage characteristics of a standard floor structure for office buildings in northern China. The results are verified by experimental measurements. The functional relationship between the saturated cold storage time and the chilled water flow rate is quadratic polynomial, while the changes of supply-water temperature have no effect on the saturation time;the supply-water temperature has a linear relationship with the saturated cold storage volume, while the chilled water flow rate has almost no effect on the saturation cold storage volume. The accumulated cold volume of floor changes with time in an exponential distribution with four coefficients, and the floor has the characteristics of rapid cold storage. This paper is instructive for the design, application and promotion of radiant floor cooling systems.

A simulation Study on the System Combined Solar Energy with Biogas Boiler for Floor Radiant Heating and Fuel

A mathematical model was built for simulating an innovative design system combined solar energy with biogas boiler for floor radiant heating and fuel. Effects of the ambient air temperature on the performance of the system had been examined. And the results also support theoretical feasibility of the system.

Predicting moisture condensation risk on the radiant cooling floor of an office using integration of a genetic algorithm-back-propagation neural network with sensitivity analysis

Pre-dehumidification time(τ_(pre))and pre-dehumidification energy consumption(E_(pre))play important roles in preventing the condensation of moisture on the floors of rooms that use a radiant floor cooling(RFC)system.However,there are few theoretical or experimental studies that focus on these two important quantities.In this study,an artificial neural network(ANN)was used to predict condensation risk for the integration of RFC systems with mixed ventilation(MV),stratum ventilation(SV),and displacement ventilation(DV)systems.A genetic algorithm-back-propagation(GA-BP)neural network model was established to predict τ_(pre) and E_(pre).Both training data and validation data were obtained from tests in a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.The results show that the established GA-BP model can predict τ_(pre) and E_(pre) well.The coefficient of determination(R^(2))of τ_(pre) and of E_(pre) were,respectively,0.973 and 0.956.For an RFC system integrated with an MV,SV,or DV system,the lowest values of τ_(pre) and E_(pre) were with the DV system,23.1 s and 0.237 kWh,respectively,for a 67.5 m^(3) room.Therefore,the best pre-dehumidification effect was with integration of the DV and RFC systems.This study showed that an ANN-based method can be used for predictive control for condensation prevention in RFC systems.It also provides a novel and effective method by which to assess the pre-dehumidification control of radiant floor surfaces.

高原铁路站房地板辐射系统的分区供暖效果

为了解决高原铁路站房部分区域在强太阳辐射的影响下出现过热、地板辐射供暖系统能耗浪费的问题,以某高原铁路车站为研究对象,根据站房内太阳照射情况对地板辐射系统提出了分区供暖方案;利用建筑能耗模拟软件Energyplus对该铁路站房进行模拟分析,对比了地板辐射系统分区前后站房内的热环境和系统供暖量.结果表明:地板辐射系统采用统一的设计及运行控制方案供暖时,站房内太阳直射影响区的平均操作温度在日间最高可达27℃,与非直射影响区之间的温差超过5℃;在地板辐射系统分区供暖时,直射影响区的平均操作温度最高为26℃,室内温度分布更为均匀,局部过热现象得到缓解;在保证站房热舒适性的前提下,地板辐射系统的分区供暖方案能够使直射影响区整个供暖季的供暖量降低38.2%.

地面局部辐射供暖典型热环境特征化表征研究

局部精细化采暖是满足室内人员舒适前提下降低采暖能耗、实现采暖能源高效利用的重要方式之一.为提高采暖效率,给精细化辐射供暖提供方法参考,本文选取具有显著工位布局要求的办公场所作为对象,对地面局部辐射供暖模块影响下,室内不同区域热环境分布情况进行典型化研究分析,得到了不同局部模块供暖工况下室内非均匀热环境分布特征.分析结果表明,局部辐射面积为16.7%时辐射区域与非辐射区域平均辐射温度相差3℃以上,具有明显的局部环境营造效果;地面局部辐射供暖辐射区域与非辐射区域不对称辐射温度差异显著;将局部辐射源设置在靠近外墙区域,可以提高整体平均辐射温度,使室内平均辐射温度分布更为均匀.本研究初步给出基于地面局部辐射供暖的典型化热环境共性特征表述,可为后续局部辐射供暖系统的精细化设计提供参考.

Potential application of radiant floor cooling systems for residential buildings in different climate zones

A radiant floor cooling system(RFCS)is a high-comfort and low energy consumption system suitable for residential buildings.Radiant floor systems usually work with fresh air,and their operating performance is affected by climatic conditions.Indoor and outdoor environmental disturbances and the system’s control strategy affect the indoor thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the system.Firstly,a multi-story residential building model was established in this study.Transient system simulation program was used to study the operation dynamics of three control strategies of the RFCS based on the calibrated model.Then,the performance of the control strategies in five climate zones in China were compared using multi-criteria decision-making in combination.The results show that control strategy has a negligible effect on condensation risk,but the thermal comfort and economic performance differ for different control strategies.The adaptability of different control strategies varies in different climate zones based on the consideration of multiple factors.The performance of the direct-ground cooling source system is better in Hot summer and warm winter zone.The variable air volume control strategy scores higher in Serve cold and Temperate zones,and the hours exceeding thermal comfort account for less than 3%of the total simulation period.Therefore,it is suggested to choose the RFCS control strategy for residential buildings according to the climate zone characteristics,to increase the energy savings.Our results provide a reliable reference for implementing RFCSs in residential buildings.

夏热冬冷地区低温辐射地板供暖影响因素的正交试验

为了研究夏热冬冷地区低温辐射地板供暖影响因素,采用L25(56)的正交试验方法探究供水温度、管间流速、管径、管间距、填充层厚度5因素对地板表面平均温度和均匀度的影响,获得各因素对试验指标的影响趋势、显著性程度和组合的最优解。研究表明:对地板表面平均温度的影响程度为供水温度>管间距>管径>填充层厚度>管间流速,对均匀度的影响程度为管间距>供水温度>填充层厚度>管径>管间流速,最优水平组合为:供水温度取35℃,管间流速取0.4 m/s,管径取16 mm,管间距取100 mm,填充层厚度取75 mm。试验结果为夏热冬冷地区辐射供暖设计提供借鉴,亦可对数值分析软件与统计学的结合提供思路。

地板辐射协同地道风供冷系统冷水梯级利用试验研究

地板辐射供冷系统具有房间温度均匀性好、噪声小、运行费用低、舒适度高等优点,但从现有研究来看,地板辐射供冷系统的供冷量与结露之间的矛盾极大地影响了系统推广应用。通过搭建基于虚拟自然冷源的地板辐射协同地道风供冷试验台,从冷水梯级利用的角度,探索冷水串联与混水两种模式下的地板辐射协同地道风系统结露特性、供冷特性与能耗特性,分析冷水梯级利用的节能原理。研究结果表明,冷水梯级利用模式由于供水温度在12℃以上并且结合地道风不会发生结露现象,以不结露、供冷量大、能耗低为目标,用多目标优化方法分析可得串联供水0.5 m^(3)/h、送风量45 m^(3)/h为最优工况,供冷量为474.3 W,系统能耗为238 W。

夏热冬冷地区地板辐射和风机盘管供暖的对比分析

为分析地板辐射供暖和风机盘管供暖在夏热冬冷地区的具体运行效果,对两种模式下的室内热舒适、供热能力和能耗进行了实验和OpenStudio模拟分析。实验和模拟结果表明:风机盘管系统在运行初期体现优势,但后期地板辐射供暖具有更好的室内舒适性,垂直峰谷差仅为0.03℃,预测平均值模型PMV为-0.28,预测不满意百分比指标(PPD)为6.83%;地板辐射供热能力大于风机盘管供热,且耗电量更低。

兰州某教育园区综合体育馆采暖系统设计

以兰州某教育园区综合体育馆为例,介绍了综合体育馆在热源唯一的情况下根据综合体育馆建筑功能布置,同时考虑兰州位于西北寒冷地区的气候特点,在满足各功能分区设计参数的条件下,对整体采暖设计方案进行创新性优化,在同一建筑不同分区采用3种不同的采暖方式保证整体采暖系统,在满足实际使用需求的同时,达到经济合理、节能可靠的目的。

Indexes of Indoor Thermal Environment with Asymmetrical Radiant Field

The main features of top-floor rooms with natural ventilation are identified by investigating indoor thermal environment in summer season. One is high indoor air temperature, for this reason the indoor climate is far beyond the thermal comfort standard; the other is the inhomogeneous temperature distribution of the inner wall surfaces, and high temperature of the inner surface of the roof causes much scorching to the head of occupant. This is the characteristic of such rooms.Both features mentioned above should be considered comprehensively for thc evaluation of indoor thermal environment of the top-floor rooms with asymmetric radiant field. In order to characterize the indoor thermal environment of the rooms, the heat stress index, HSI and radiant heat flux reaching human head, QR should be introduced simultaneously as thermal indexes for the indoor climate evaluation. The application of the indexes to a topfloor room is presented and analyzed.

R290直膨式太阳能热泵供暖系统实验研究

为分析直膨式太阳能热泵耦合地板辐射供暖系统在北方寒冷地区的实际运行特性,设计并搭建以丙烷(R290)为工质的直膨式太阳能热泵供暖实验平台,分析冬季不同运行工况下环境参数对系统热力性能的影响。实验结果表明:系统可实现室内供暖的稳定性,实验测试期间平均室温保持在16.1~20.8℃之间,热泵系统性能系数(COP)保持在2.57~4.30之间,供暖系统COP保持在2.24~3.98之间。太阳辐照度每增加50 W/m^(2),热泵系统COP提升4.9%;环境温度每升高1℃,热泵系统COP提升2.4%。太阳辐照度对热泵系统的电子膨胀阀开度和工质质量流量影响较为显著。当终止水温从45℃提升至55℃时,热泵系统COP降低12.2%;而在终止水温为50℃时,供暖系统COP达到最大值3.37。

太阳辐射影响下地板供暖室内环境与控制策略优化

目的 研究太阳在辐射供暖地板室内的照射特点以及利用太阳辐射优化供暖策略。方法 利用CFD建立数值模型模拟太阳在室内的投影位置和室内温度场,实验测量太阳辐射强度和室内热环境参数,评估冬季辐射地板的供暖效果和室内环境温度。结果 太阳辐射在地板表面形成投影区,区域内外温度不均匀,两区域温差大于15℃,但工作面温度分布较均匀;室内各环境参数随太阳辐射强度改变而规律性变化,峰值延迟出现,太阳辐射使室内空气温度和平均辐射温度提升9~10℃。结论 辐射地板供暖房间可有效利用太阳辐射能量以降低供暖系统总供暖量,辐射地板设定供暖温度可降低6℃,供暖系统总供暖量降低47 kW;可根据太阳辐射变化规律调整设定地板温度,以避免房间过热,在满足室内热环境需求的同时减少供暖量降低能耗。

和田地区空气源热泵地暖辐射采暖系统实验

热泵供暖可以解决燃煤供暖带来的环境污染问题,本文以和田地区应用的空气源热泵系统为研究对象,实验测试了采用辐射地板为末端的空气源热泵供暖系统的实际性能,在典型日(环境温度为-4.7~9.6℃,相对湿度为26%~61%)24 h内分析了各项性能参数的变化和室外环境温度变化对热泵供暖系统性能的影响。结果表明:在典型日的实际工况下,热泵供暖系统COP在16:00附近达到最高值2.64,在8:00附近达到最低值1.98。由于供暖建筑的保温性能相对较好,当室外温度发生变化时,房间内供暖温度波动较小;对于阳面房间,房间温度全天可稳定在23~24℃;对于阴面房间,房间温度也能达到20℃以上。采用辐射地板为末端的空气源热泵供暖系统满足和田地区供暖需求,系统效率较高,应用前景广阔。

严寒地区地铁车站利用设备废热供暖研究

位于严寒地区的地铁车站,冬季时,为了阻挡出入口渗透进入车站的冷空气,需要设置电热风幕,同时为避免引入车站的新风凝露,也设置了新风预热装置,耗费大量的电能,且存在安全隐患。与此同时,车站内弱电、供电设备用房产生的大量热量还需要利用机械通风系统将热量排除室外,造成能量大量损失。针对地铁车站设备发热特点,结合常规的冷源形式,研究得出采用热回收型风冷热泵机组进行供暖和新风预热的方案,具有系统简单、控制简便、节能效果好、经济效益显著的特点,值得推广应用。

基于Fluent的埋管式辐射地板传热及供冷能力研究

充分了解辐射供冷系统的传热特性有助于该系统的设计、推广及应用。构建了埋管式辐射地板的三维稳态传热模型,进行供冷工况下地板内部传热情况的数值模拟,得到了辐射地板内部及表面的温度场。经实验验证,建立的传热模型与实际误差小于9.01%。模拟分析了换热盘管长度与供水温度对辐射地板的供回水温差、供冷能力及温度分布的影响。结果表明:在相同供水温度下,换热盘管越长,埋管式辐射地板的供冷能力越弱,温度分布均匀性越差,管长每增加10 m,单位面积辐射地板供冷量约降低1.5 W/m^(2);在相同换热盘管长度下,供水温度越高,地板的供冷能力越弱,温度分布均匀性越好。

窗墙比对供暖房间热舒适及系统能耗影响研究

建筑围护结构直接影响室内热湿负荷,而窗户作为三大围护结构中热工性能最差的构件,其对室内热负荷的影响最大,尤其是当存在太阳辐射时会直接影响室内热舒适性。搭建空气源热泵对流-辐射联合供暖系统测试台,并在大窗墙比的情况下增设保温材料设置等效墙的形式,研究了窗墙比对冬季不同供暖模式下室内热舒适及能耗的影响。结果表明,在空气源热泵供水温度一定时,地板辐射末端供暖比风机盘管末端具有更舒适的室内热环境、垂直温度梯度较小并且能耗相对较少;受到太阳辐射的影响,随着窗墙比的增加,地板辐射供暖系统下室内温度波动减小,能耗增加,PMV值变化在热舒适范围内。