Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of a new radiant floor system with phase change material

In order to improve the heat transfer characteristics of the traditional phase change material（PCM） floor, a new double-layer radiant floor system with PCM is proposed, which can store thermal or cold energy in the off-peak period and use them in the peak period. An experimental setup was developed to study the heat transfer characteristics of the new system under both cooling and heating modes. The experimental results show that the double-layer radiant floor system with PCM can meet both the cold and thermal requirements of users. Moreover, with the same duration of the thermal energy storage process, the increase of water temperature supplied to the system can improve the heat transfer characteristics of the system but lead to the discomfort of users. On the other hand, if the air temperature at the end of the thermal energy storage process is the same under different conditions, the increase of supplied water temperature will decrease the thermal energy storage time and ensure the comfort of users.

Experimental study of low-temperature electrical radiant floor heating system

To evaluate the thermal performance of a low-temperature electrical radiant floor heating system,an experimental facility equipped with a constant temperature chamber and different specimen floors is designed and built.The heating cable is installed in the floor slab with a unit-rated power of 30 W/m.Twenty-four different schemes are worked out and tested,which include three kinds of composite floor structures and eight kinds of cable distances.The cable distances are 30,40,50,60,80,100,130,150 mm.The main affective factors of the thermal performance and their influencing regularity are discussed.The experimental results show that the system has good stability and reliability,and the ratio of the radiation heat-transfer rate to the gross heat-transfer rate is greater than 50%.When the floor structure and the cable distance are fixed,the gross heat-transfer rate of the upper floor surface has a maximum value at an optimal cable distance.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the optimal cable distance is 50 mm.

Potential application of radiant floor cooling systems for residential buildings in different climate zones

A radiant floor cooling system(RFCS)is a high-comfort and low energy consumption system suitable for residential buildings.Radiant floor systems usually work with fresh air,and their operating performance is affected by climatic conditions.Indoor and outdoor environmental disturbances and the system’s control strategy affect the indoor thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the system.Firstly,a multi-story residential building model was established in this study.Transient system simulation program was used to study the operation dynamics of three control strategies of the RFCS based on the calibrated model.Then,the performance of the control strategies in five climate zones in China were compared using multi-criteria decision-making in combination.The results show that control strategy has a negligible effect on condensation risk,but the thermal comfort and economic performance differ for different control strategies.The adaptability of different control strategies varies in different climate zones based on the consideration of multiple factors.The performance of the direct-ground cooling source system is better in Hot summer and warm winter zone.The variable air volume control strategy scores higher in Serve cold and Temperate zones,and the hours exceeding thermal comfort account for less than 3%of the total simulation period.Therefore,it is suggested to choose the RFCS control strategy for residential buildings according to the climate zone characteristics,to increase the energy savings.Our results provide a reliable reference for implementing RFCSs in residential buildings.

高原铁路站房地板辐射系统的分区供暖效果

为了解决高原铁路站房部分区域在强太阳辐射的影响下出现过热、地板辐射供暖系统能耗浪费的问题,以某高原铁路车站为研究对象,根据站房内太阳照射情况对地板辐射系统提出了分区供暖方案;利用建筑能耗模拟软件Energyplus对该铁路站房进行模拟分析,对比了地板辐射系统分区前后站房内的热环境和系统供暖量.结果表明:地板辐射系统采用统一的设计及运行控制方案供暖时,站房内太阳直射影响区的平均操作温度在日间最高可达27℃,与非直射影响区之间的温差超过5℃;在地板辐射系统分区供暖时,直射影响区的平均操作温度最高为26℃,室内温度分布更为均匀,局部过热现象得到缓解;在保证站房热舒适性的前提下,地板辐射系统的分区供暖方案能够使直射影响区整个供暖季的供暖量降低38.2%.

Predicting moisture condensation risk on the radiant cooling floor of an office using integration of a genetic algorithm-back-propagation neural network with sensitivity analysis

Pre-dehumidification time(τ_(pre))and pre-dehumidification energy consumption(E_(pre))play important roles in preventing the condensation of moisture on the floors of rooms that use a radiant floor cooling(RFC)system.However,there are few theoretical or experimental studies that focus on these two important quantities.In this study,an artificial neural network(ANN)was used to predict condensation risk for the integration of RFC systems with mixed ventilation(MV),stratum ventilation(SV),and displacement ventilation(DV)systems.A genetic algorithm-back-propagation(GA-BP)neural network model was established to predict τ_(pre) and E_(pre).Both training data and validation data were obtained from tests in a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.The results show that the established GA-BP model can predict τ_(pre) and E_(pre) well.The coefficient of determination(R^(2))of τ_(pre) and of E_(pre) were,respectively,0.973 and 0.956.For an RFC system integrated with an MV,SV,or DV system,the lowest values of τ_(pre) and E_(pre) were with the DV system,23.1 s and 0.237 kWh,respectively,for a 67.5 m^(3) room.Therefore,the best pre-dehumidification effect was with integration of the DV and RFC systems.This study showed that an ANN-based method can be used for predictive control for condensation prevention in RFC systems.It also provides a novel and effective method by which to assess the pre-dehumidification control of radiant floor surfaces.

Evaluation of the thermal performance of radiant floor heating system with the influence of unevenly distributed solar radiation based on the theory of discretization

In the building with many transparent envelopes,solar radiation can irradiate on the local surface of floor and cause overheating.The local thermal comfort in the room will be dissatisfactory and the thermal performance of radiant floor will be strongly affected.However,in many current calculation models,solar radiation on the floor surface is assumed to be uniformly distributed,resulting in the inaccurate evaluation of the thermal performance of the radiant floor.In this paper,a calculation model based on the theory of discretization and the RC thermal network is proposed to calculate the dynamic thermal performance of radiant floor with the consideration of unevenly distributed solar radiation.Then,the discretization model is experimentally validated and is used to simulate a radiant floor heating system of an office room in Lhasa.It is found that with the unevenly distributed solar radiation,the maximum surface temperature near the south exterior window can reach up to 35.6℃,which exceeds the comfort temperature limit and is nearly 8.5℃higher than that in the north zone.Meanwhile,the heating capacity of the radiant floor in the irradiated zone can reach up to 171 W/m^(2),while that in the shaded zone is only 79 W/m^(2).The model with the assumption of uniformly distributed solar radiation ignores the differences between the south and north zones and fails to describe local overheating in the irradiated zones.By contrast,the discretization model can more accurately evaluate the thermal performance of radiant floor with the influence of real solar radiation.Based on this discretization model,novel design and control schemes of radiant floor heating system can be proposed to alleviate local overheating and reduce heating capacity in the irradiated zone.

地板新风+地板辐射供暖房间空气环境的实测分析

文章对安装了地板新风+地板辐射供暖系统的住宅样板房主卧室的空气温度和CO_(2)浓度进行实测,分析了房间的室内热环境及污染物浓度分布特征。结果表明,辐射供暖系统开启后房间温度在190 min左右升至最高,此后逐渐趋于稳定,且温度值略低于设定温度。室内温度呈下高上低分布,坐姿头足温差和站姿头足温差随系统运行逐渐增大,稳定时分别趋于0.3℃和0.6℃。辐射地板温度和室外温度是影响室内温度的主要因素。室内高度方向的CO_(2)浓度分布主要受室内人员位置和新风口位置的影响,辐射供暖房间内地板新风系统的排污效率与ASHRAE 62.1标准规定的推荐值相符。

Dynamic Research on Cold Storage Performance of a Standard Radiant Floor Cooling System for Office Buildings in Northern China

Due to the wide application of floor heating systems, the radiant floor cooling systems has developed rapidly in recent years. In this paper, TRNSYS numerical simulation methods are used to study the influence of chilled water supply temperature and flow rate on the cold storage characteristics of a standard floor structure for office buildings in northern China. The results are verified by experimental measurements. The functional relationship between the saturated cold storage time and the chilled water flow rate is quadratic polynomial, while the changes of supply-water temperature have no effect on the saturation time;the supply-water temperature has a linear relationship with the saturated cold storage volume, while the chilled water flow rate has almost no effect on the saturation cold storage volume. The accumulated cold volume of floor changes with time in an exponential distribution with four coefficients, and the floor has the characteristics of rapid cold storage. This paper is instructive for the design, application and promotion of radiant floor cooling systems.

兰州某教育园区综合体育馆采暖系统设计

以兰州某教育园区综合体育馆为例,介绍了综合体育馆在热源唯一的情况下根据综合体育馆建筑功能布置,同时考虑兰州位于西北寒冷地区的气候特点,在满足各功能分区设计参数的条件下,对整体采暖设计方案进行创新性优化,在同一建筑不同分区采用3种不同的采暖方式保证整体采暖系统,在满足实际使用需求的同时,达到经济合理、节能可靠的目的。

定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统数值模型的实验验证及参数分析

根据在北京进行的定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统的实验情况,作者对已建计算模型进行了修改,修改后的模型的计算结果与实验结果符合较好。在此基础上利用该模型研究了定形相变材料的熔点、相变潜热、相变半径及电加热功率等关键参数对相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的影响。

带定形PCM的相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的数值模拟

该文提出了以一种定形相变材料作为贮热介质的新型地板辐射采暖系统 ,建立了相应的理论模型 ,并作了数值模拟。研究发现熔点在 32℃左右的定形相变材料是该系统较理想的贮热材料。计算结果表明相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统控制简单 ,不仅节省能源 ,而且能提供舒适的热环境。

定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统的实验研究

作者在北京采暖季节对相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统进行了实验研究。该系统采用厚度为2cm,熔点和潜热分别为21 6℃和37J/g的定形相变材料。作为比较,也对普通地板采暖系统进行了对比实验研究,发现:相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统在实验期间基本上每天开启8～10h,在维持室内温度高于对比试验的情形下,运行费用低于对比试验中的普通地板采暖系统。此外,由于相变材料具有较好的贮热能力,电加热系统的启停造成的室内温度波动较小,变化平缓;试验房间内各壁面温度较高,且波动很小,从而提高了室内的平均辐射温度,这也是地板辐射采暖舒适和节能的原因之一。

太阳能—低温热管地板辐射供热系统实验研究

为将低品位太阳能直接应用于建筑供暖,对一种太阳能—低温热管地板辐射供暖系统进行了实验研究。在天津地区冬季条件下、供水温度为35～45℃时,针对非节能建筑的房间负荷(30～60 W/m^2)进行了该系统各部件和系统整体性能的实验。实验结果表明:供水温度35～45℃即可满足采暖要求;太阳能保证率受供水温度影响显著,供水温度升高10℃,太阳能瞬时保证率减小5%;晴朗白天,室外平均温度-0.72℃,平均太阳辐照度425.1 W/ m^2,太阳能瞬时保证率近似为1;阴天室外平均温度-1.55℃,平均太阳辐照度220.5 W/m^2,太阳能瞬时保证率随供水温度和负荷的变化而变化,范围是0.52～0.96。实验证实:该系统能提高太阳能热利用的经济性,热管地板传热性能优于塑料埋管地板,供水温度可以比常规塑料埋管地板的要求降低约5℃。

太阳能-水源热泵多能互补供暖系统实验研究

设计搭建新型太阳能-水源热泵多能互补地板辐射供暖系统,并在室外环境条件基本相同的条件下,与传统城市集中供暖系统进行对比实验。结果表明:采用新型太阳能-水源热泵多能互补供暖系统比传统区域锅炉房集中供暖系统节能30.55%;低温热水地板辐射供暖方式与传统明装散热器供暖方式相比,可节能18.96%;新型供暖系统比传统供暖系统具有更好的热舒适性;在实验条件下,太阳能保证率可达24%以上。

地板辐射与散热器供暖系统经济性分析

对两种供暖系统进行了初投资和年运行费用比较,同时对其各自的优缺点进行了分析,在肯定了低温地板辐射供暖系统的优点后,得出了散热器供暖系统经济性优于地板辐射供暖系统的结论。

非直膨式太阳能-水源热泵地板辐射采暖实验系统研究

为解决太阳能供热系统间歇性和不稳定性的问题,对以水源热泵作为辅助热源,以热管式真空管太阳能集热系统为主要热源形式,以地板辐射采暖系统为末端装置的太阳能-水源复合热泵地板辐射供暖系统进行研究。分析该系统在不同工况运行原理的前提下,建立系统性能系数的数学模型。分析了集热器进出口温度、水箱平均温度、地板采暖系统进出口温度和热泵蒸发温度对系统供热性能的影响。提出此系统的运行策略和控制方案,为该系统的设计和运行控制提供了依据。

太阳能热泵地板辐射供暖系统的实验研究

设计建立了以热管式真空管太阳能热水器和水源热泵机组为热源,以地板辐射采暖系统为末端装置的太阳能热泵地板辐射供暖系统实验台。通过对实验台冬季供暖工况的实验研究,考察了采暖房间的热力过程以及太阳能集热器、热泵机组等主要设备的工作性能。实验结果表明,实验台设计方案可行,主要设备的工作性能达到了设计要求。

辐射供冷地板表面温度简化计算新方法

基于目前关于地板结构层热工性能的二维数值计算方法和解析计算方法的结果对比分析,采用当量热阻法提出相应的修正计算式,由此形成一种可适应于供冷工况地板结构层热工设计的半解析简化计算新方法。利用该方法,可快捷地评价所设计的地板结构层地板表面温度的分布以及供水温度与速度、埋管间距、地板饰面层材料、地板构造特性等因素对地板结构层传热性能的影响,为地板辐射供冷系统热工性能的优化设计提供新的思路和方法。

太阳能-热泵地板辐射供暖系统间歇运行模式的数值研究

探讨了以太阳能-热泵为热源的地板辐射供暖系统的组成方式与运行方式,建立了系统间歇运行方式下采暖房间热力过程的数学模型,研究了系统在间歇运行方式下采暖房间的热力过程。数值计算结果表明,以太阳能-热泵为热源的地板辐射供暖系统采用间歇运行方式是可行的。

干式地板辐射供暖系统特性的试验研究

对干式地板辐射供暖系统进行了连续供暖和变供水工况测试，分析和评价了干式系统的供暖性能和热舒适性，并与湿式系统进行了比较。试验结果表明：干式系统稳定运行时，室内空气温度在水平和竖直方向分布均匀，热稳定性和热舒适性好。辐射换热量约占总换热量的65．6％，总换热量能够满足大部分建筑冬季供暖需求。干式系统在35～40℃区间内调节供水温度，可明显改变室内温度，而调节供水流量对室内温度影响不大。与湿式系统相比，干式系统预热时间短，对供水温度要求低，供暖能力强，更适用于需要间歇供暖的场所，但其蓄热能力差。结果将为干式系统的设计及其应用提供试验数据支撑。