A new horizon for neuroscience:terahertz biotechnology in brain research

Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry.Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin deficit.In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases.Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.However,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications.This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.

Demonstration and Radiation Extension mode of Agricultural Technology——A Case of the Science and Technology Project of High Yield in Hebei Province

Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is introduced.Extension mode of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation is constructed.Agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode includes the radiation center,primary irradiation and secondary irradiation.Secondly,management system and operational mechanism of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode are discussed,mainly expressed in establishing leading group in each demonstration county(city),carrying out leader contract responsibility system,establishing expert advisor steering group and setting up core experts group for subject,establishing technical experts group for subject,setting up leading group in the radiation area,carrying out chief expert responsibility system and technician matrix responsibility system,establishing the operating mechanism of "open,flow,competition and collaboration" with "test area-expert two-way selection" as the core content.Finally,countermeasures to improve the agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode is put forward,such as establishing the rural technology demonstration base,strengthening cooperation with enterprises,and adopting flexible technical training,so as to promote the spread of agricultural high-tech,to increase the contribution rate of agricultural technology,and to offer ideas for agricultural technology extension model at the new era.

COVID-19 and information and communication technology in radiation oncology:A new paradigm

Due to coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,there has been a major reallocation of resources that has impacted the treatment of many diseases,including cancer.The growing use of information and communication technologies(ICT),together with a new approach to work aimed at ensuring the safety of health care professionals and patients alike,has allowed us to maintain the quality of care while ensuring biosecurity.The application of ICT to health care(eHealth)aims to significantly improve the quality,access to,and effectiveness of medical care.In fact,the expanded use of ICT has been recognized as a key,cost-effective priority for health care by the World Health Organisation.The medical speciality of radiation oncology is closely linked to technology and as a consequence of coronavirus disease 2019,ICT has been widely employed by radiation oncologists worldwide,providing new opportunities for interaction among professionals,including telemedicine and e-learning,while also minimizing treatment interruptions.Future research should concentrate on this emerging paradigm,which offers new opportunities,including faster and more diverse exchange of scientific knowledge,organizational improvements,and more efficient workflows.Moreover,these efficiencies will allow professionals to dedicate more time to patient care,with a better work-life balance.In the present editorial,we discuss the opportunities provided by these digital tools,as well as barriers to theirimplementation,and a vision of the future.

Preparation of antibacterial non-woven AgNCs@PP-g-PAA via radiation method

With the growing threat of airborne epidemics,there has been an increasing emphasis on personal protection.Masks serve as our primary external defense against bacteria and viruses that might enter the respiratory tract.Hence,it’s crucial to develop a polypropylene(PP)nonwoven fabric with quick antibacterial capabilities as a key component for masks.This study introduces silver nanoclusters(AgNCs)into non-woven PP using radiation technology to infuse antibacterial properties.Initially,a solid ligand(PP-g-PAA)was procured via radiation grafting of the ligand polyacrylic acid(PAA),which was incorporated into the nonwoven PP with the aid of a crosslinking agent at a lower absorbed dosage.Subsequently,AgNCs were synthesized in situ on PP-g-PAA via an interaction between PAA and AgNCs,leading directly to the formation of AgNCs@PP-g-PAA composites.Owing to the hydrophilicity of PAA,AgNCs@PP-g-PAA maintains good moisture permeability even when the voids are heavily saturated with PAA gel,preventing droplet aggregation by diffusing droplets on the surface of the material.This feature enhances the comfort of the masks.Most importantly,due to the incorporation of AgNCs,AgNCs@PP-g-PAA demonstrates outstanding antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,nearly achieving an instant“touch and kill”outcome.In conclusion,we synthesized a modified nonwoven fabric with significant antibacterial activity using a simple synthetic route,offering a promising material that provides improved personal protection.

Application of ARFI technology to explore the clinical study of Gandou Tang in treating liver fibrosis of wilson's disease with damp-heat accumulation

Objective:Acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI)was applied to measure Shear wave velocity(SWV)of liver in patients with Wilson's disease(WD).To investigate the relationship between SWV and the serological indexes of liver fibrosis,such as type Ⅳ collagen(CⅣ),hyaluronic acid(HA),type Ⅲ procollagen peptide(PⅢNP),laminin(LN),APRI score(Asparate Aminotransfer to Platelet Ratio Index),and FIB-4 index(FIB-4 index).The clinical efficacy of GandouTang(GDT)in the treatment of liver fibrosis in WD with damp-heat internalization was also observed.Methods:80 cases of WD patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Sodium Dimercaptopropylsulfonate(DMPS)and the treatment group was additionally treated with the traditional Chinese medicine GDT.One course for 8 days,a total of 6 courses.The levels of SwV and four serological indicators of liver fibrosis(PⅢNP,HA,CⅣ,LN),APRI score and FIB-4 index were compared before and after treatment.Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between SWV and HA,CⅣ,LN,PⅢNP,APRI score and FIB-4 index.The effects of GDT on SWV,liver fiber,APRI and FIB-4 were evaluated according to the treatment plan.Results:①The SWV was positively correlated with FIB-4(r=0.83),APRI(r=0.82),HA(r=0.87),CⅣ(r=0.71),LN(r=0.85)and PINP(r=0.77).②Before treatment,there were no significant differences in SWV level,PⅢNP,HA,CⅣ,LN,APRI and FIB-4 levels between two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the levels of PⅢNP,HA,LN,SWV,APRI and FIB-4 in both groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group.There were no significant specific changes in CⅣ level(P>0.05).Conclusion:SWV value can reflect the degree of WD liver fibrosis,and is positively correlated with HA,PⅢNP,CⅣ,LN,FIB-4 index and APRI score.On the basis of the treatment of protecting liver and expelling copper with western medicine,plus the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine GDT can effectively improve the degree of liver fibrosis in WD patients with damp-heat accumulation.

Ensuring Uniformity of Measurements of Absorbed Doses of Intensive Photon and Electron Radiation in Radiation Technologies

Ensuring reliability and traceability of the unit of absorbed dose of intense photon and electron radiation, used in radiation technologies in industry, is based on the creation of a system of sample measures and methods of transmission with minimal loss of dimensional accuracy of the unit of absorbed dose from the sample tools to working dosimeters and is a necessary basis of yield growth, of increase of labour productivity and the introduction of innovative products. The measuring capabilities of the State primary special standard of power unit of absorbed dose of intensity photon, electron and beta radiation for radiation technologies and of the standards of the absorbed dose of photon and electron radiation, used for radiation monitoring of radiation pro- cesses.

Primary biliary cirrhosis degree assessment by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and hepatic fibrosis indicators

AIM: To evaluate the assessment of primary biliary cirrhosis degree by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) and hepatic fibrosis indicators. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients who developed liver cirrhosis secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis were selected as the observation group, with the degree of patient liver cirrhosis graded by Child-Pugh (CP) score. Sixty healthy individuals were selected as the control group. The four indicators of hepatic fibrosis were detected in all research objects, including hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type III collagen (PC III), and type IV collagen (IV-C). The liver parenchyma hardness value (LS) was then measured by ARFI technique. LS and the four indicators of liver fibrosis (HA, LN, PC III, and IV-C) were observed in different grade CP scores. The diagnostic value of LS and the four indicators of liver fibrosis in determining liver cirrhosis degree with PBC, whether used alone or in combination, were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: LS and the four indicators of liver fibrosis within the three classes (A, B, and C) of CP scores in the observation group were higher than in the control group, with C class > B class > A class; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Although AUC values of LS within the three classes of CP scores were higher than in the four indicators of liver fibrosis, sensitivity and specificity were unstable. The ROC curves of LS combined with the four indicators of liver fibrosis revealed that: AUC and sensitivity in all indicators combined in the A class of CP score were higher than in LS alone, albeit with slightly decreased specificity; AUC and specificity in all indicators combined in the B class of CP score were higher than in LS alone, with unchanged sensitivity; AUC values (0.967), sensitivity (97.4%), and specificity (90%) of all indicators combined in the C class of CP score were higher than in LS alone (0.936, 92.1%, 83.3%). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of PBC cirrhosis degree in liver cirrhosis degree assessment by ARFI combined with the four indicators of serum liver fibrosis is of satisfactory effectiveness and has important clinical application value.

Free-radical evolution and decay in cross-linked polytetrafluoroethylene irradiated by gamma-rays

Electron spin resonance techniques were employed to investigate the effects of the absorbed dose and post-irradiation conditions on the evolution and decay of free-radicals in cross-linked polytetrafluoroethylene(XPTFE),induced byγ-ray radiation.Chain-end free-radicals,chain alkyl free-radicals,and tertiary alkyl free-radicals were detected when XPTFE was irradiated under Ar atmosphere.The corresponding peroxy free-radicals were formed upon exposure of irradiated XPTFE to air;the freeradicals concentration first increased linearly with increasing absorbed dose and then gradually saturated.The free-radicals yield under air atmosphere was greater than that under Ar,and the peroxy free-radicals were preserved for a relatively long time when irradiated XPTFE was stored under air atmosphere.The chain alkyl free-radicals may be converted to chain end free-radicals byβ-scission,while chain end free-radicals are more sensitive to oxygen than chain alkyl free-radicals.When the annealing temperature was raised above the a-transition temperature of XPTFE,the decay of the free-radicals was greatly affected and accelerated by the motion of the molecules over the long range.

Analysis of the effective dose of ultraviolet light in corneal cross-linking

AIM: To analyze the efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) light initiating corneal cross-linking (CXL). METHODS: The time-dependent absorption of UV light due to the depletion of the initiator (riboflavin) was calculated. The effective dose of CXL with corneal surface covered by a thin layer of riboflavin was derived analytically. The cross linking time was calculated by the depletion level of the riboflavin concentration. A comprehensive method was used to derive analytic formulas. RESULTS: The effective dose of CXL was reduced by a factor (R) which was proportional to the thickness (d) and concentrations (C-0) of the riboflavin surface layer. Our calculations showed that the conventional dose of 5.4 J/cm(2) had a reduced effective dose of 4.3 and 3.45 J/cm(2), for d was 100 and 200 pm, respectively, and C-0=0.1%. The surface cross linking time was calculated to be T*=10.75s, for a depletion level of 0.135 and UV initial intensity of 30 mW/cm(2). The volume T* was exponentially increasing and proportional to exp (bdC(0)), with b being the steady state absorption coefficient. CONCLUSION: The effective dose of CXL is reduced by a factor proportional to the thickness and concentrations of the riboflavin surface layer. The wasted dose should be avoided by washing out the extra riboflavin surface layer prior to the UV light exposure.

A STUDY OF HIGH LOFT NONWOVEN FABRICS USING POWDER BONDING TECHNOLOGY

In this paper, two types of high loft nonwoven fabrics have been constructed in the laboratory apparatus made by ourselves with different binders (polyamide and polyethylene powder) and varying binder contents (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The tensile and compression properties of these nonwoven fabrics were tested. It was found that one can reduce powder binder content to increase loft and softness of nonwoven fabrics, but it has to sacrifice its tensile strength. Adhesion force between binder and single fibre was also explored. The experiments showed that the adhesion force at the interface between binder and fibre depends on the fibre variety, the fibre surface morphology, heating temperature and heating time etc..

The Influence of <i>γ</i>-Irradiation on Structuration in Solutions of BNR and Properties of Films

Studied influence of γ-irradiation on stucturation in butadiene nitrile rubber solution and films properties studied also. Structuration in solutions has defined by rheological method with rotation viscometer. Shown influence of solvent nature (methyl ethyl ketene: toluene) to strength properties and structures of films obtained from this solvents. It has been found that during irradiation of solvent, films and butadiene nitrile rubber solution characteristic viscosity η increased, increasing of Huggins constant (К') observed as well. Changing of spatial mesh of polymers occurs at the cost of changed size of macromolecule balls. Shown, that in the issue of crossing the properties including thermo dynamical features of films and butadiene nitrile rubber solution has changed.

GV Technology for Exploration and Delineation of Lode Gold Claims

Demands for new gold deposits are increasing worldwide and the need to better define lode and placer claims is a critical environmental and economic issue. Recently, interesting results have been produced using dedicated geological information systems designed to explore for earth mineral deposits. These systems employ properties of fundamental physical fields generated by interactions of superlight elementary particles. GV technology （Geo-Vision geological direct detection radiometric and Air-Gamma technology）, a revolutionary technology for exploring the earth from outer space and from inside aircraft, has been utilized to identify and precisely locate gold deposits. All elements of the Earth＇s crust exist in an excited state and are constantly emitting what can be called their ＂intrinsic radiation＂. The melding of science and data interpretation makes GV Technology ideal for defining both lode and placer gold deposits. The use of GV technology will improve success ratios associated with the exploration for and delineation of gold deposits and provide better definition of successful core drilling locations. The technology will also decrease the cost of defining gold deposits and since GV technology is ecologically friendly, it provides considerable reductions in environmental mitigation costs. From 1995 to 2014, GV technology has been used to identify and delineate gold deposits in Russia, Mongolia, Kirghizia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Namibia, Australia, and the United States.

Research on Pulse Radiation Characteristics of Leaf-like Ultra Wide Band Antenna

A new kind of ultra wideband antenna,which consists of a leaf-like dipole and a dielectric block,is proposed and analyzed.The dielectric block is attached in parallel with the dipole near its feed point.Thus,the near field is attracted to the side where the dielectric block is located.It leads to a focusing effect of the energy in the far zone.The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method combined with the perfectly matched layers(PML)technique is used in the simulation of the antenna radiation characteristics.The research shows that,with proper dielectric loading and 50 Ω feeding line,the bandwidth of the antenna can be up to 6.5 GHz,from 3.5 GHz to 10 GHz with VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)less than 2.5.

基于Zigbee技术的无线辐射监测系统的建立

基于Zigbee技术的无线辐射监测系统可对众多辐射监测仪的监测数据进行实时采集和统计分析,无需布线,组网灵活。该辐射监测系统包括多台辐射监测仪及上位机监测平台。辐射监测仪负责测量辐射信息,并将辐射测量结果通过Zigbee模块发送出来。辐射监测平台负责接收辐射测量结果,并将数据在监测平台上进行显示和存储。对辐射监测仪和辐射监测系统进行测试,测试结果表明:辐射监测仪可对在环境本底的基础上增加0.1μSv/h的γ辐射给出可靠报警;辐射监测系统可自动进行无线网络连接,整体运行稳定,数据采集准确,可实现对各个辐射监测仪监测数据的实时采集和存储。

第四代同步辐射光源加速器物理与技术

同步辐射光源是20世纪应用最广泛的高性能X射线源,已成为物理、化学、能源环境、生物医学、先进材料等领域前沿研究的重要工具。进入21世纪,基于电子储存环的同步辐射光源的发展前沿是第四代同步辐射光源(4GLS)。其采用紧凑型的多弯铁消色散结构,可以实现接近甚至达到X射线衍射极限的超低束流发射度,将光源亮度在第三代光源基础上进一步提升2—3个数量级。文章将重点介绍第四代同步辐射光源关键的加速器物理与技术,以及国际范围内第四代同步辐射光源装置的发展情况。

西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射模拟装置近年发展综述

西北核技术研究所是我国强脉冲辐射环境建设的主体单位,成立至今自主成功研制了一系列大型辐射模拟装置,形成了具有我国自主特色的辐射环境模拟体系和技术体系。近10年来,随着应用需求的持续拓展,西北核技术研究所在辐射模拟装置及其技术方面取得了新突破。本文重点介绍了西北核技术研究所近年新建成的大型强脉冲辐射模拟装置,包括大面积脉冲γ射线试验装置“云光一号”、4 MV脉冲X射线闪光照相装置“剑光二号”及强脉冲X射线试验装置等,分析了感应电压叠加、快脉冲直线变压器、多型射线负载等方面取得的最新技术进展,提出了未来强脉冲辐射模拟装置建设及其关键技术发展的初步设想。

kV Assist 2.0联合自动管电流调制在256排CT腹盆部检查中的应用研究

目的:探讨新一代智能最佳管电压技术(kV Assist 2.0)联合自动管电流调制在CT腹盆部扫描中的应用价值。方法:前瞻性搜集474例行腹盆部CT平扫检查的患者,使用简单随机方法分为固定噪声指数(NI)组164例、自动NI组156例和对照组154例,3组均使用自动毫安调制技术,固定NI组和自动NI组在扫描的同时记录患者身体径线(前后径+左右径),将得到的薄层图像传至工作站进行分析,测量、计算得到肝脏、脾脏、臀大肌的SNR、CNR及表征辐射剂量的CT剂量指数(CTDI)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效剂量(ED),对图像质量和辐射剂量行单因素方差分析。结果:3组噪声水平差异无统计学意义(F=0.173,P=0.841);3组肝脏SNR、肝脏CNR、脾脏SNR、肌肉SNR、肌肉CNR差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);脾脏CNR差异有统计学意义(F=3.03,P=0.049),事后比较,仅固定NI组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。3组间主观评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组CTDI差异有统计学意义(F=12.306,P<0.001);事后比较显示,对照组与固定NI组、自动NI组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。3组的DLP和ED差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),事后比较,对照组与固定NI组、自动NI组差异均有统计学意义(P=0.003,0.008)。固定NI组的ED相较于对照组降低12.4%,而自动NI组的ED相较于对照组仅降低9.0%。结论:固定NI的扫描策略在图像质量稍有改善的基础上,能明显降低辐射剂量,在kV Assist 2.0的腹盆部扫描中更有价值。

红外热成像技术在室内非均匀热环境评价中的应用研究

为了对室内热环境进行空间评价,探究平均辐射温度与湿球黑球温度(t_(WBG))的空间分布规律,通过对存在辐射热源与室温两种工况下的室内空气温度、相对湿度、风速、黑球温度、表面温度进行测试,考察红外热成像法计算空间平均辐射温度的可靠性,并结合Python数字图像设计一种热环境空间评价结果的可视化方法,研究存在辐射源与室温两种工况平均辐射温度与t_(WBG)的空间分布规律。结果显示:不同工况下红外热成像法与黑球法的差异均在2℃以内,红外热成像法计算平均辐射温度具有较高的可靠性。平均辐射温度、空气温度、t_(WBG)的空间变化规律相似,当室内存在辐射热源时平均辐射温度的空间差异为6.4℃,t_(WBG)的空间差异为3.9℃。研究结果可以为室内热环境的空间评价提供参考。

平均辐射温度对工业厂房热环境评价指标的影响

为探讨辐射作用对室内高温环境评价的影响,研究平均辐射温度对室内高温环境评价指标湿球黑球温度(TWBG)的影响规律。通过现场测试某铸造厂房的空气温度、相对湿度、空气速度及湿球黑球温度,揭示了平均辐射温度与空气温度的差异对室内TWBG的影响,研究了热环境参数空气温度、平均辐射温度及相对湿度随室内TWBG的变化规律,阐明了环境参数对平均辐射温度的补偿关系。结果表明:平均辐射温度与空气温度的差异会对室内TWBG造成显著影响;随着室内TWBG增大,平均辐射温度与空气温度升高、湿度降低;为保持相同的TWBG,平均辐射温度每升高1℃,可降低空气温度0.2~0.4℃或升高相对湿度1~2百分点进行补偿。研究结果为工业厂房室内环境参数设计及高温环境评价提供一定指导。

基于红外辐射的发动机涡轮叶片温度测量方法综述

介绍了辐射测温技术的基本原理以及研究中的关键问题。归纳了基于红外辐射的发动机涡轮叶片温度测量方法的国内外应用现状,对测量时产生的误差进行了分析,并提出降低误差的措施。指出在环境辐射方面,需要充分考虑燃烧气体和环境表面辐射的影响,建立准确的反射模型,融合算法,矫正辐射干扰误差;在发射率模型方面,应根据具体情况预先建立发射率模型和无发射率模型,结合机器学习等算法提高测量精准度;在光学系统设计方面,需选择合适的光学材料和涂层,增强系统在不同环境下的灵敏度;在数据处理方面,可利用神经网络、遗传算法、约束优化等方法,最大程度减小误差,提高计算精度。