This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the historical trajectory and development in biophoton studies over the past 100 years,with a particular focus on the recent progress regarding the pivotal role of bioph...This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the historical trajectory and development in biophoton studies over the past 100 years,with a particular focus on the recent progress regarding the pivotal role of biophoton in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects(RIBE).The exploration of biophoton mystery starts from the initial observation of mitogenetic radiation and continues to develop to the contemporary science of biophotonics.The properties and underlying mechanisms of biophoton emission are described with illustrative examples from diverse biological systems such as plants,animals and humans.The conclusive evidence of cell-to-cell commu-nication facilitated by biophoton signaling is presented,followed by an elaborate interpretation of potential mechanisms through which biophoton mediates RIBE.The engagement of mitochondria and exosomes in this process is extensively clarified,by highlighting their significant roles in biophoton-mediated RIBE.The advances in biophoton research in respect of bystander response to ionizing radiation may offer profound insights into radiobiology and provide for possible future applications as well in radiation medicine and protection.展开更多
In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation ...In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.展开更多
Objective: To study the induction of sensitivity toganciclovir (GCV) or acyclovir (ACV) in humanhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line trans-ferred by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based repli-con expression vector ca...Objective: To study the induction of sensitivity toganciclovir (GCV) or acyclovir (ACV) in humanhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line trans-ferred by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based repli-con expression vector carrying the herpes simplex vi-rus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene, including kill-ing and "bystander" effect, and also the gene delive-ry procedure and route of gene therapy in vivo forHCC.Methods: Liposome-entrapped plasmid pDR2/tk wastransferred into HCC cells, and then different con-centrations of GCV or ACV were added. The trans-ferred cells were mixed with untransferred HCC cellsin different proportion and 200 μmol/L GCV wasthen added into each well. After 72 hours, all sam-ples were measured by MTT colorimetric assay. AnEBV-based plasmid eukarotic expression vector car-rying IL-2 cDNA was used. Three models of gene di-rect injection in the local liver, injection through theportal vein, and injection through the embolized he-patic artery were established in closed Wister rats.For each model, two subgroups, injected either na-ked plasmid DNA or lipofectin-plasmid complex wereincluded. The expression of the IL-2 gene was regu-larly examined immunohistochemically.Results: GCV or ACV could apparently kill thetransferred HCC cells at a concentration of 0. 2μmol/L. The inhibition rate was changed with dif-ferent drug concentrations. The "bystander" effectwas obviously induced at a transferred to untrans-ferred HCC cells ratio of 1:5. IL-2 gene expressionwas observed in liver cells of all animals on day 3,which reached peak within 3-7 days, and declined af-ter day 7. Injection of naked plasmid DNA throughthe hepatic artery plus embolization obtained a bestexpression.Conclusions: EBV-based vector is suitable for carry-ing suicide gene therapy for hepatocellular carcino-ma. Gene direct delivery in vivo combined with in-terventional surgery can be used to treat hepatocellu-lar carcinoma.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the historical trajectory and development in biophoton studies over the past 100 years,with a particular focus on the recent progress regarding the pivotal role of biophoton in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects(RIBE).The exploration of biophoton mystery starts from the initial observation of mitogenetic radiation and continues to develop to the contemporary science of biophotonics.The properties and underlying mechanisms of biophoton emission are described with illustrative examples from diverse biological systems such as plants,animals and humans.The conclusive evidence of cell-to-cell commu-nication facilitated by biophoton signaling is presented,followed by an elaborate interpretation of potential mechanisms through which biophoton mediates RIBE.The engagement of mitochondria and exosomes in this process is extensively clarified,by highlighting their significant roles in biophoton-mediated RIBE.The advances in biophoton research in respect of bystander response to ionizing radiation may offer profound insights into radiobiology and provide for possible future applications as well in radiation medicine and protection.
文摘In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.
文摘Objective: To study the induction of sensitivity toganciclovir (GCV) or acyclovir (ACV) in humanhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line trans-ferred by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based repli-con expression vector carrying the herpes simplex vi-rus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene, including kill-ing and "bystander" effect, and also the gene delive-ry procedure and route of gene therapy in vivo forHCC.Methods: Liposome-entrapped plasmid pDR2/tk wastransferred into HCC cells, and then different con-centrations of GCV or ACV were added. The trans-ferred cells were mixed with untransferred HCC cellsin different proportion and 200 μmol/L GCV wasthen added into each well. After 72 hours, all sam-ples were measured by MTT colorimetric assay. AnEBV-based plasmid eukarotic expression vector car-rying IL-2 cDNA was used. Three models of gene di-rect injection in the local liver, injection through theportal vein, and injection through the embolized he-patic artery were established in closed Wister rats.For each model, two subgroups, injected either na-ked plasmid DNA or lipofectin-plasmid complex wereincluded. The expression of the IL-2 gene was regu-larly examined immunohistochemically.Results: GCV or ACV could apparently kill thetransferred HCC cells at a concentration of 0. 2μmol/L. The inhibition rate was changed with dif-ferent drug concentrations. The "bystander" effectwas obviously induced at a transferred to untrans-ferred HCC cells ratio of 1:5. IL-2 gene expressionwas observed in liver cells of all animals on day 3,which reached peak within 3-7 days, and declined af-ter day 7. Injection of naked plasmid DNA throughthe hepatic artery plus embolization obtained a bestexpression.Conclusions: EBV-based vector is suitable for carry-ing suicide gene therapy for hepatocellular carcino-ma. Gene direct delivery in vivo combined with in-terventional surgery can be used to treat hepatocellu-lar carcinoma.
