Total intravenous general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway for transurethral resection of bladder tumor

Objective： To observe the advantage of total intravenous anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder tumor （TURBT）. Methods.. Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing TURBT were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Spinal anesthesia with 0. 75% pure bupivacaine （8-12 rag） was applied to patients in Group Ⅰ （n= 30）. Patients in Group Ⅱ （n=30） received total intravenous anesthesia with continuous infusion of Propofol and Remifentanil ; and a laryngeal mask was used to ensure the airway and ventilation. BP, HR, SPO2 and pertinent side effects were monitored and recorded. Results ： The patients in group Ⅱ experienced more stable hemodynamics than those in group Ⅰ . Obturator nerve reflex was observed in 15 （50. 0%） patients in Group Ⅰ , but none （0%） in Group Ⅱ （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion.. Total intravenous anesthesia with laryngeal mask is a safe, reliable, controllable and simple manual for patient undergoing TURBT.

Intravesical explosion during transurethral resection of bladder tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Intravesical explosion during transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TUR-BT)is a very rare complication,and it may result in rupture of the bladder,which usually requires surgical correction and causes a potential threat to the patient’s life.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports a case of intravesical explosion during TUR-BT.Combined with the literature review,the risk factors are analyzed and measures of prevention and treatment are discussed.CONCLUSION Although rare,intravesical explosions can cause serious consequences,and the loud explosion can also lead to a profound psychological shadow on the patient.Urologists must be aware of this potential complication.Careful operative techniques and special precautions can reduce the risk of this complication.

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours: Results and Outcomes

Aim: This study aimed to determine the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutive characteristics of patients with bladder tumors who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) at a urology center in Douala, Cameroon. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from 2015 to 2019 on 32 patients with bladder tumors that were managed at the Centre medico-chirugical d’urologie in Douala, Cameroon. The relevant data were obtained from patients’ clinical records. Results: A total of 32 patients (25 men and 7 women) aged 29 - 75 years were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 58.63 ± 11.00 years. Among our study participants, there were 10 smokers (31.25%). Eight (25%) of them had occupational exposure while 2 (6.25%) had residential exposure to bladder cancer. Thirty (93.75%) presented with hematuria, 2 (6.25%) presented with recurrent urinary tract infections, and 1 (3.13%) presented with acute urinary colic. Nineteen (59.38%) of them were anemic, with 4 (12.5%) requiring blood transfusions. Twenty-seven (84.38%) of them had pedunculated tumors while 5 (15.62%) had sessile tumors. The tumor diameters ranged from 1 cm to 5 cm, with a mean diameter of 2.75 ± 1.22 cm. Complete resection was performed in 27 (84.38%) participants while partial resection was performed in 5 (15.62%) patients. The early single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin was performed in 8 (25%) patients. Only one (3.13%) patient had a postoperative complication, and seven (21.88%) patients experienced tumor recurrence and underwent a second TURBT. Two (6.25%) of the 32 patients died and 30 (93.75%) survived. Conclusion: TURBT is the gold standard method of managing bladder tumors. This procedure is at the same time diagnostic and therapeutic for tumors that do not invade the walls of the urinary bladder.

Cryoablation techniques in bladder cancer: A review

Bladder cancer(BC)ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally.Histopathologically,BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC.Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90%of BC in most regions worldwide.The standard treatment procedure for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT).Currently,the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy.Cryoablation therapy is a medical technique that uses extremely low temperatures to destroy diseased tissue.This treatment serves as a therapeutic tool for both benign and malignant diseases in organs such as the kidney,prostate gland,lung,liver,and breast,and is particularly effective for unresectable tumors,offering less trauma,quick recovery,good tolerability,and symptom control.However,cryoablation has its limitations.Over the past few years,cryoablation therapy has emerged as a new method for treating early BC.This treatment is minimally invasive,precise,and offers quick recovery,providing patients with a new treatment option.Although randomized studies are still limited,increasing evidence suggests its potential application in bladder cancer combined with transurethral resection(TURBT)or medication.Cryoablation is not standard therapy for bladder cancer.Treatment decisions should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team of urologists,oncologists,and interventional physicians and require more randomized controlled trials to define patient selection criteria and treatment approaches.

Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer:a clinical practice guideline(2021 edition)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.

Searching for the Lost Ostium: A Morphometric Analysis of the Ureteral Ostia Distribution in Normal and Thickened Bladders and Its Applications in Endourology

Introduction: The ureteral ostia may not be easily identified in urological endoscopic procedures, leading to an incomplete diagnosis of urinary tract diseases or a predisposition to iatrogenic lesions. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the anatomical distribution of ureteralostia in normal bladders and those with thickened walls. Materials and Methods: We dissected 30 vesical-prostate blocks from human cadavers and identified the ostia of the bladder trigone. A computerized morphometric analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the detrusor muscle, the distances between the ureteral ostia themselves and the distances between each ureteral ostium (left—LUO and right—RUO) and the internal urethral ostium (IUO). The angle formed between the IUO and LUO/RUO was also recorded as well as the volume of the prostates. Results: Fifteen bladders with a non-thickened detrusor (6 mm) were identified. The average prostatic volume of the dissected blocks was 23.7 cm3. The distance between ureteral ostia, the distance from IUO to LUO, the distance from IUO to RUO and the angle formed between IUO and LUO/RUO in normal and thickened bladder were, respectively, 1.9 cm/2.2 cm (p = 0.09), 1.6 cm/1.6 cm (p = 0.82), 1.6 cm/1.7 cm (p = 0.79) and 77/91 (p = 0.17). Conclusions: Our study shows that there is no significant difference in the position of bladder ostia in healthy and thickened bladders. We believe that our findings may facilitate locating the ureteral orifices in situations where endoscopic identification is difficult.

Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Electrosurgical Resection for Recurrent Bladder Cancer

Bladder tumor is characterized by recurrent recurrence and distant metastasis,which determines the difficulty of completely curing bladder tumor.In recent years,the number of patients with bladder cancer is increasing,and the treatment of bladder cancer has become an important direction of clinical research.It is difficult to control bladder tumor by traditional therapy.Photodynamic therapy(PDT),as a new optical therapy,has gradually become the main method in clinical treatment of bladder tumor combined with transurethral resection of bladder tumor.In this paper,a patient with superficial recurrent bladder tumor was treated by photodynamic therapy combined with transurethral resection of bladder tumor.The advantages of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of bladder tumor and the selection of photosensitizer in the process of photodynamic therapy were discussed.After two recurrences,the patients chose photodynamic therapy.The tumors were resected one by one,and the wound was coagulated by roller electrode.After the drug was retained for 20 minutes,the bladder was empty.The spherical optical fiber was implanted into the bladder.The photodynamic energy was adjusted(light power 1.8 W,light time 1302 s).There was no recurrence after operation.Most bladder tumors are superficial tumors,and bladder is a cavity organ,which determines that bladder is an ideal organ for photodynamic therapy.As a targeted drug,photosensitizer is only absorbed by bladder tumor after being perfused into bladder.The photosensitizer forms reactive oxygen species through oxygen and kills tumor cells.Clinical practice has proved that PDT has its unique advantages for superficial and recurrent bladder tumors.As the first generation photosensitizer,xipofen also has selectivity in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Mechanism research of pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer

Objective:Investigate the mechanism of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation combined compound matrine injection on treating superficial bladder cancer, thus to provide assistance for clinical therapy of superficial bladder cancer.Methods:A total of 90 cases of patients with superficial bladder cancer treated in our hospital were selected, and randomly divided to be control group and combination group, 45 cases for each. For patients in control group, treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation was provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. For patients in combination group, combined treatment of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection were provided after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions of patients in each group were detected before and after treatment.Results: No statistical difference showed on T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, liver and renal functions between two groups of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after treatment. Compared with prior treatment, CD8+, cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly increased in two groups of patients after treatment, while T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP) were significantly decreased. Differences showed statistical significance. After combined treatment given, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) in combination group were significantly higher than in control group after treatment, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP), CD8+, liver function indexes (AST and ALT) and renal function indexes (BUN and Cre) were significantly lower than in control group after treatment. Differences between the two groups showed statistical significance.Conclusion:Combination of Pirarubicin postoperative immediately bladder irrigation and compound matrine injection could enhance immune functions, improve inflammatory reactions and decrease chemotherapeutics toxicities for patients with superficial bladder cancer. It is of great significance on clinical therapy for those patients.

经尿道单孔腔镜膀胱肿瘤整块切除术的离体动物模型实验研究

目的探讨电子膀胱软镜联合腹腔镜器械经尿道协同操作实施膀胱肿瘤整块切除的可行性,为该技术的临床应用提供参考。方法自行设计加工的经尿道单孔PORT、Olympus电子膀胱软镜作为观察镜,Φ1.8 mm软性抓钳作为协助显露器械及腹腔镜操作器械(组织剪、电钩、超声刀等),以离体猪膀胱为模型,经尿道放置自制单孔PORT,置入Olympus电子膀胱软镜观察膀胱内壁全貌及黏膜情况,在膀胱腔内设定病变部位,再经电子膀胱软镜的工作通道插入软性抓钳钳夹提拉待切除黏膜,并在目标位带张力固定,保持满意的观察视野,术者左手持膀胱软镜,右手操作腹腔镜器械经PORT进入膀胱腔,在软镜监视及软性抓钳提拉协同下,模拟剪切、推拨动作,实现对病变黏膜的整块切除。结果在2个离体猪膀胱模型上成功切除了4个不同部位的病灶处黏膜。结论体外实验显示电子膀胱软镜联合腹腔镜器械实施经尿道单孔腔镜膀胱肿瘤整块切除术,在不额外增加经皮膀胱切口医源性膀胱损伤的条件下,实现了多种器械协同作用下的切除效果,该方法处理膀胱肿瘤可行,进一步优化后具有临床应用潜力。

膀胱癌电切术后尿路感染Lasso-Logistic预测模型的构建

目的 分析膀胱癌电切术后尿路感染(UTI)发生情况,并构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型。方法 选取2022年5月—2023年10月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗后的920例膀胱癌患者,统计术后UTI发生率。根据是否发生UTI分为UTI组和非UTI组,比较2组临床资料;通过Lasso-Logistic回归分析膀胱癌患者术后UTI的影响因素,根据影响因素构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、决策曲线分析(DCA)评价模型的预测效能和临床效用。结果 膀胱癌患者TURBT后住院期间UTI发生率为12.50%(115/920);Lasso-Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血清降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、外周血CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、尿液基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)、表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)和表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)均为膀胱癌患者术后发生UTI的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。根据影响因素构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型为:Logit(P)=-2.516+1.109×年龄+1.002×糖尿病+1.359×高血压+1.496×CRP+1.726×PCT+1.562×IL-6-1.155×CD3^(+)-1.280×CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)-1.032×IgA-1.411×IgM+1.589×MMP-7-0.843×SP-A-0.799×SP-D。ROC曲线结果显示,该模型预测膀胱癌患者术后发生UTI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.944(95%CI:0.927~0.958),敏感度、特异度分别为87.83%、85.22%;DCA结果显示,该模型具有明显的正向净收益。结论 膀胱癌患者TURBT后UTI发生率较高,根据影响因素构建Lasso-Logistic预测模型可为临床预测UTI发生风险提供可靠参考依据。

新辅助放疗联合cTURBT和辅助化疗治疗直径≥3cm的T_(2)期MIBC的疗效与安全性

目的探讨新辅助调强适形放疗联合“最大化”经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(cTURBT)和辅助化疗治疗肿瘤直径≥3 cm的T 2期肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析天津市人民医院泌尿外科收治的接受新辅助放疗联合cTURBT和辅助化疗的31例病灶直径≥3 cm的T 2期MIBC患者的临床资料,随访患者复发、转移、生存、死亡情况。结果31例患者均接受新辅助放疗,放疗总剂量为48(44,50)Gy,放疗后3例(9.7%)完全缓解,19例(61.3%)部分缓解,客观缓解率为71.0%,疾病控制率为96.8%。所有患者顺利行cTURBT术,手术时间37(31,42)min,出血量为20(10,30)ml,无围手术期输血患者,术后住院时间为4(4,5)d,术中无闭孔神经损伤、膀胱穿孔、严重出血、经尿道电切综合征发生。随访患者12~36个月,9例(29.0%)患者复发,中位复发时间18(10,23.5)个月,6例患者为膀胱内复发,其中5例再次行cTURBT术联合膀胱灌注治疗,1例行挽救性根治性膀胱切除术(RC);2例出现膀胱内复发和淋巴结转移,其中1例行cTURBT联合免疫治疗,1例行挽救性RC;1例出现全身多发转移,行姑息性治疗。结论新辅助放疗联合cTURBT和辅助化疗治疗直径≥3 cm的T 2期MIBC患者,保膀胱成功率高,可作为不能或不愿接受RC患者的保膀胱治疗策略。

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术的临床意义

目的探讨非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗的临床效果。方法选取82例NMIBC患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,各41例。对照组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗,观察组予以经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗。比较2组手术情况、炎症因子水平、氧化应激因子、病理诊断准确率及并发症。结果观察组肉眼血尿时间[(1.29±0.23)d]、尿管留置时间[(2.35±0.27)d]、术后膀胱冲洗时间[(1.42±0.25)d]较对照组短,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后白介素-6(IL-6)[(67.25±6.19)pg/mL]、C反应蛋白(CRP)[(17.25±2.19)mg/L]及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)[(40.39±4.28)pg/mL]水平较对照组低,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后丙二醛(MDA)[(5.74±1.05)mmol/L]水平低于对照组,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)[(105.96±9.58)μmol/L]及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)[(70.14±6.23)pg/mL]水平较对照组高,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组病理诊断准确率[90.24%(37/41)]高于对照组,并发症发生率[4.88%(2/41)]低于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光切除术治疗NMIBC较TURBT效果更佳,能够减轻手术创伤,缩短肉眼血尿、尿管留置时间,减轻炎症反应及氧化应激反应,且切除标本更符合病理分期要求,安全可靠。

经尿道整块剜除术与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌治疗中的疗效对比

目的对比经尿道整块剜除术(en bloc resection of bladder tumor,EBRBT)与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)治疗中的疗效。方法选取2021年4月至2023年2月于揭阳市人民医院接受手术治疗的58例NMIBC患者作为研究对象,按照计算机随机法分为EBRBT组和TURBT组,每组29例,分别行EBRBT和TURBT。观察两组患者围手术期指标、并发症、术后肌层侵犯率及术后1年肿瘤复发情况。结果两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);EBRBT组术中出血量为(10.71±4.78)ml,较TURBT组(16.58±6.27)ml少,EBRBT组术后尿管留置时间与住院时间分别为(3.23±1.66)d及(4.92±1.06)d,少于TURBT组的(4.75±1.71)d及(5.87±1.82)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);EBRBT组术后并发症发生率为3.45%(1/29),比TURBT组的20.69%(6/29)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后EBRBT组肌层侵犯率、肿瘤复发率分别为92.59%和6.9%,显著低于和TURBT组的62.07%和26.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EBRBT相较于TURBT安全性更好,患者预后效果更佳。

铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注治疗在膀胱尿路上皮癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注治疗在膀胱尿路上皮癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法将78例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)的膀胱尿路上皮癌患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组39例,观察组患者术后采用铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注治疗,对照组患者术后采用吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗。比较两组患者的血清学指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)]、生活质量[卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分]、不良反应发生情况及肿瘤复发情况。结果治疗后6、12个月,两组患者TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2水平均高于本组治疗前,VEGF水平均低于本组治疗前,观察组患者TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2水平均高于对照组,VEGF水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。治疗后12、24个月,两组患者KPS评分均高于本组治疗前,观察组患者KPS评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者各不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。治疗后24个月,观察组患者的肿瘤复发率为5.13%,低于对照组患者的20.51%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论铜绿假单胞菌注射液膀胱灌注治疗应用于膀胱尿路上皮癌手术患者,能降低肿瘤复发率,有效抑制VEGF表达,增强肿瘤细胞清除能力,提高生活质量,且不会增加不良反应。

同期与分期TURBT/PKRP手术对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者疗效对比

目的分析同期与分期经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)/经尿道前列腺等离子电切术(PKRP)对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者术后恢复的影响。方法选取2020年12月至2023年12月山西省肿瘤医院膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者98例,其中同期行TURBT术与PKRP术治疗者52例纳入同期组,分期行TURBT术与PKRP术治疗者46例纳入分期组。比较两组疗效;前列腺功能指标[最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RU)、国际前列腺症状(IPSS)评分、最大尿道闭合压、最大尿道压]、预后(膀胱癌复发、前列腺窝种植转移情况)。结果同期组疗效优于分期组;相较于术前,术后6个月两组Qmax均升高,RU、IPSS评分、最大尿道闭合压、最大尿道压均降低,且同期组相较于分期组Qmax更高,RU、IPSS评分、最大尿道闭合压、最大尿道压更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同期组膀胱癌复发率及前列腺窝种植转移率均低于分期组(P<0.05)。结论针对膀胱癌合并前列腺增生患者采取同期TURBT术与PKRP术同期治疗疗效较好,肿瘤复发及转移风险较低。

经尿道膀胱肿物电切术治疗腺性膀胱炎疗效的评估及影响因素分析

目的本研究旨在评估经尿道膀胱肿物电切术(TURBT)治疗腺性膀胱炎(CG)的疗效,探究可能影响该手术疗效的因素。方法回顾性分析2013年1月—2020年12月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院和浦东新区公利医院接受TURBT治疗的243例CG患者的临床资料。通过总体反应评估(GRA)来评定术后疗效,使用logistic回归分析探讨患者的人口统计学特征(性别、年龄)、合并症(高血压、糖尿病)、初诊主诉以及术后复发情况与GRA评分的相关性。结果243例患者中,3.70%(9/243)的患者伴有异型增生,2.47%(6/243)的患者伴有布氏巢旺炽性增生,2.06%(5/243)的患者伴有肠上皮化生。患者术后随访(47.10±28.53)个月,术后平均GRA评分为(2.02±0.72)分。10.29%(25/243)的患者因病情复发而进行再次手术,术后肾积水和排尿困难的改善情况分别为70.59%(12/17)和50.00%(15/30),1例(0.41%)患者术后确诊盆腔脂肪增多症。logistic回归分析结果显示患者术后GRA评分与身体质量指数、合并症、酗酒以及术后复发行二次手术等观察指标均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论TURBT是治疗CG的一种有效方法,能显著改善患者的肾积水、排尿困难症状,约10%的患者因复发需再次手术,临床医生在治疗过程中需要对可能的疾病复发保持警惕。

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响研究

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效及对患者预后的影响。方法 将2015年1月—2022年1月在本院治疗的80例浅表性膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,对照组使用传统开放性膀胱部分切除术,观察组使用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),对比两组的各项手术指标、并发症、血清肿瘤标志物、生活质量及复发情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组尿道狭窄、膀胱穿孔、膀胱痉挛、闭孔神经反射等并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后6个月的CEA、CA125、BTA、VEGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1年复发率低于对照组,术后1年的EORTC QLQ-C30评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TURBT治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效显著,创伤小,肿瘤根治效果好,术后可明显降低肿瘤标志物水平,减少远期复发,提高生存质量。

膀胱颈部电切联合曲安奈德注射治疗前列腺癌根治术后膀胱颈部挛缩疗效随访观察

目的分析应用膀胱颈部电切结合术中及术后规律曲安奈德注射治疗前列腺癌根治术(RP)后膀胱颈部挛缩(BNC)的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年3月—2023年3月在西安交通大学第一附属医院泌尿外科接受膀胱颈部电切联合术中及术后规律曲安奈德注射治疗的19例RP后BNC患者的相关资料,分析患者术前、术后3、12个月及随访终点的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QoL)的变化以及并发症发生情况。结果19例完成随访的患者中,有10例患者接受1次治疗;在治疗后复发的9例患者中,6例接受第2次治疗(其中2例术后再次复发),1例接受第3次治疗。平均随访3年,该方法1次成功率为52.6%(10/19),累计成功率为73.7%(14/19)。各随访时间点患者的IPSS、QoL均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。19例随访患者术后并发症包括附睾炎2例(10.5%)、短暂性血尿2例(10.5%)、尿失禁11例(57.9%),其中新发尿失禁6例,5例尿失禁症状持续到随访终点。结论膀胱颈部电切结合术中及术后规律曲安奈德注射治疗RP后BNC有73.7%的成功率,但部分患者需多次手术,术后尿失禁发生率较高且恢复缓慢。

小剂量注射吉西他滨联合经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床研究

目的 对比经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),探讨黏膜下小剂量注射吉西他滨(SIOG)联合TURBT治疗中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的治疗效果及药物经济学评价。方法 收集2015年1月1日至2020年8月31日本院270例中高危NMIBC患者(TURBT 213例,SIOG+TURBT 57例)的临床资料,应用倾向性评分匹配以1∶1的比例匹配,每组病例为52人,分析2组的临床疗效,核算其成本,构建1年为循环周期,1 000人10年的Markov模型对2组治疗方案进行药物经济学评价。结果 TURBT组患者3、6、12个月肿瘤未复发率和SIOG+TUR BT组患者3、6、12个月肿瘤未复发率分别为90.38%vs 100.00%、84.62%vs 98.08%、78.85%vs92.31%,术后6个月时肿瘤未复发率2组差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),经log-r a n k检验,2组1年时肿瘤未复发率差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。TURBT方案和SIOG+TURBT方案累积人均成本分别为217 117.20元和190 701.12元,获得的健康效果分别为5.56质量调整生命年(quality-adjusted life years,QALYs)和5.77QALYs。与TURBT治疗方案相比,SIOG+TURBT治疗方案提高了0.21QALYs,节约了26 416.08元。SIOG+TURBT方案对于TURBT方案具有成本-效用优势。结论 与TURBT相比,SIOG+TURBT治疗中高危NMIBC具有更优的临床效果及经济性。

miR-154、miR-22与膀胱癌患者病理特征关系及预测TURBT后复发价值

目的探讨微小RNA-154(miR-154)、微小RNA-22(miR-22)与膀胱癌患者病理特征关系及预测经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)后复发价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年12月华北理工大学附属医院收治的150例膀胱癌患者作为研究对象,统计癌组织和癌旁组织、不同病理特征患者miR-154、miR-22表达水平,采用Spearman相关分析不同病理特征与miR-154、miR-22表达水平的相关性。根据患者TURBT后复发情况将其分为复发组和未复发组,比较两组miR-154、miR-22表达水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析miR-154、miR-22预测TURBT后复发的效能。采用卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线(K-M)进行不同miR-154、miR-22表达水平患者生存状况分析。结果膀胱癌患者癌组织miR-154、miR-22表达水平均低于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移膀胱癌患者miR-154、miR-22表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,临床分期、淋巴结转移与miR-154、miR-22均呈负相关(P<0.05),分化程度与miR-154、miR-22呈正相关(P<0.05)。150例膀胱癌患者TURBT后共有15例失访,32例复发,103例未复发,分别纳入复发组和未复发组。复发组miR-154、miR-22表达水平均低于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,miR-154、miR-22预测TURBT后复发的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.823、0.817,当最佳截断值为0.44、0.71时,灵敏度为78.12%、87.50%,特异度为75.73%、63.11%。miR-154、miR-22联合预测TURBT后复发的AUC为0.854,灵敏度及特异度分别为90.62%、92.23%。150例膀胱癌患者TURBT后共有15例失访,124例生存,11例死亡。根据ROC曲线中miR-154、miR-22最佳截断值为界限,≤最佳截断值为低表达,>最佳截断值为高表达。K-M曲线分析结果显示,miR-154、miR-22低表达患者生存率分别为88.16%(67/76)、88.00%(66/75),低于miR-154、miR-22高表达患者的98.31%(58/59)、98.33%(59/60),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=55.821、55.960,P<0.001)。结论膀胱癌患者癌组织miR-154、miR-22水平与淋巴结转移、临床分期、分化程度密切相关,二者联合检测有助于提高TURBT后复发预测效能,指导临床诊治,改善预后。