Comparison of Hsps Expression after Radio-frequency Field Exposure in Three Human Glioma Cell Lines

Objective To investigate and compare the effect of radio-frequency （RF） field exposure on expression of heat shock proteins （Hsps） in three human glioma cell lines （MO54, A172, and T98）. Methods Cells were exposed to sham or 1950 MHz continuous-wave for 1 h. Specific absorption rates （SARs） were 1 and 10 W/kg. Localization and expression of Hsp27 and phosphorylated Hsp27 （（78） Ser） （p-Hsp27） were examined by immunocytochemistry. Expression levels of Hsp27, p-Hs27, and Hsp70 were determined by Western blotting. Results The Hsp27 was primarily located within the cytoplasm, p-Hsp27 in both cytoplasm and nuclei of MO54, A172, and T98 cells. RF field exposure did not affect the distribution or expression of Hsp27. In addition, Western blotting showed no significant differences in protein expression of Hsp27 or HspT0 between sham- and RF field-exposed cells at a SAR of 1 W/kg and 10 W/kg for 1 h in three cells lines. Exposure to RF field at a SAR of 10 W/kg for 1 h slightly decreased the protein level of phosphorylated Hsp27 in MO54 cells. Conclusion The 1950 MHz RF field has only little or no apparent effect on Hsp70 and Hsp27 expression in MO54, A172, and T98 cells.

Magnetic Field Strengths and Structures from Radio Observations of Solar Active Regions

Radio observations of some active regions (ARs) obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph at λ=1.76 cm are used for estimating the magnetic field strength in the upper chromosphere, based on thermal bremsstrahlung. The results are compared with the magnetic field strength in the photosphere from observations with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The difference in the magnetic field strength between the two layers seems reasonable. The solar radio maps of active regions obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph, both in total intensity (I-map) and in circular polarizations (V-map), are compared with the optical magnetograms obtained with the SMFT. The comparison between the radio map in circular polarization and the longitudinal photospheric magnetogram of a plage region suggests that the radio map in circular polarization is a kind of magnetogram of the upper chromosphere. The comparison of the radio map in total intensity with the photo-spheric vector magnetogram of an AR shows that the radio map in total intensity gives indications of magnetic loops in the corona, thus we have a method of defining the coronal magnetic structure from the radio I-maps at λ=1.76 cm. Analysing the I-maps, we identified three components: (a) a compact bright source; (b) a narrow elongated structure connecting two main magnetic islands of opposite polarities (observed in both the optical and radio magnetograms); (c) a wide, diffuse, weak component that corresponds to a wide structure in the solar active region which shows in most cases an S or a reversed S contour, which is probably due to the differential rotation of the Sun. The last two components suggest coronal loops on different spatial scales above the neutral line of the longitudinal photospheric magnetic field.

Magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source and its application for Si-incorporation diamond-like carbon film preparation

Various ion sources are key components to prepare functional coatings,such as diamond-like carbon(DLC)films.In this article,we present our trying of surface modification on basis of Si-incorporation diamond-like carbon(Si-DLC)produced by a magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source,which is established to get high density plasma with the help of magnetic field.Under proper deposition process,a contact angle of 111°hydrophobic surface was achieved without any surface patterning,where nanostructure SiC grains appeared within the amorphous microstructure.The surface property was influenced by ion flow parameters as well as the resultant surface microstructure.The magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source developed in this paper was useful for protective film applications.

Energy Distribution of Ions Incident on Radio-Frequency Biased Electrodes in External Magnetic Field

A radio-frequency （rf） plasma sheath model in an oblique magnetic field is established and the energy distribution of ions （IED） incident on the rf sheath biased electrodes is numerically investigated. The simulation results reveal that the external magnetic field can have a decisive impact on the ion flux and energy distribution of the sheath. The ion energy can be transferred between the perpendicular and parallel components under the action of a magnetic field.

Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting in a weak radio-frequency electric field

We utilize an electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) of a three-level cascade system involving Rydberg state in a room-temperature cell, formed with a cesium 6 S_(1/2)–6 P_(3/2)–66 S_(1/2) scheme, to investigate the Autler–Townes(AT)splitting resulting from a 15.21-GHz radio-frequency(RF) field that couples the |66 S_(1/2) → |65 P_(1/2) Rydberg transition.The radio-frequency electric field induced AT splitting, γAT, is defined as the peak-to-peak distance of an EIT-AT spectrum.The dependence of AT splitting γAT on the probe and coupling Rabi frequency, ?_p and ?_c, is investigated. It is found that the EIT-AT splitting strongly depends on the EIT linewidth that is related to the probe and coupling Rabi frequency in a weak RF-field regime. Using a narrow linewidth EIT spectrum would decrease the uncertainty of the RF field measurements.This work provides new experimental evidence for the theoretical framework in [J. Appl. Phys. 121, 233106(2017)].

Estimate of an environmental magnetic field of fast radio bursts

Fast radio bursts （FRBs） are a type of newly-discovered transient astronomical phenomenon. They have short durations, high dispersion measures and a high event rate. However, due to unknown dis- tances and undetected electromagnetic counterparts at other wavebands, it is difficult to further investigate FRBs. Here we propose a method to study their environmental magnetic field using an indirect method. Starting withdispersion measures and rotation measures （RMs）, we try to obtain the parallel magnetic field component ^-B ││ which is the average value along the line of sight in the host galaxy. Because both RMs and redshifls are now unavailable, we demonstrate the dependence of ^-B ││ on these two separate quantities. This result, if the RM and redshift of an FRB are measured, would be expected to provide a clue towards understanding an environmental magnetic field of an FRB.

5G在广播电视领域的应用

当前社会已经进入信息化时代,以5G为代表的新一代移动通信技术使得信息传播方式与途径愈发多元。5G不仅便利了人们生活,而且能够应用于广播电视领域,推动广播电视行业的发展。基于此,从5G出发,分析5G在广播电视领域的应用优势,阐述5G的应用策略,为广播电视行业发展提供参考。

基于SDR的FPGA加速MIMO通信系统设计

重点研究基于软件定义无线电(Software Defined Radio,SDR)和现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)的多进多出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)通信系统设计。利用SDR技术建立具有灵活性和可配置性的通信平台,以适应不同通信标准和应用场景。深入研究基于SDR的信号转换与处理方法,包括数字信号处理(Digital Signal Process,DSP)和MIMO信号处理算法。在此基础上,引入FPGA加速技术高效执行MIMO信号处理算法,提高系统的实时性和处理速度。最后,通过对比实验,验证所提出方法的性能优势。

射频联合热风加热对玉米籽粒中黄曲霉毒素B1降解及玉米品质的影响

为研究射频-热风联合处理玉米中的黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)降解效果,分析不同初始水分质量分数(19.05%、22.25%、25.55%)、射频加热温度(55、65、75、85℃)和加热持续时间(10、15、20、25 min)对玉米籽粒中AFB1降解效果及玉米品质的影响。结果表明:射频-热风联合处理可有效降解AFB1,在高水分含量下,加热温度和时间一定,初始水分含量越高,AFB1残留量越高;初始水分含量一定,随温度增加和时间延长,AFB1残留量随之减少,且加热持续时间对降解效果的影响大于加热温度;射频-热风联合处理玉米籽粒过程中,对其品质有一定影响,随温度升高和时间延长,与对照组相比,蛋白质、脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05),黏度系数显著降低(P<0.05);低场核磁共振分析表明,射频加热过程中水分迁移效果明显,且水分迁移特性与玉米的糊化特性、蛋白质、脂肪含量显著相关(P<0.05)。

基于FDTD的局部放电射频传感器特性研究

射频(RF)检测局部放电(PD)可以实现非接触式测量,因而具有较好的应用前景。以小环天线为例,对磁场天线作为局部放电射频传感器时其灵敏度的确定方法和影响灵敏度的因素开展了研究。首先,基于时域有限差分(FDTD)法建立了吉赫兹横电磁波(GTEM)小室的仿真模型,通过实验和仿真对比表明了仿真模型的有效性。在此基础上,考虑了天线结构、尺寸等因素对灵敏度的影响,确定了灵敏度随天线直径、垂直导体、线圈匝数的变化规律。本文的研究为进一步考察不同磁场天线传感器的特性,并对传感器特性进行优化,设计实现能够满足具体电力设备局部放电测试需求的新型射频磁场传感器奠定了技术基础。

ARCADE 2 Spatial Roar, What Theory of Relation Reveals

The theory of Relation provides an explanation for the Arcade 2 excess. It assumes that the isotropic radio emission measured by the Arcade 2 Collaboration, which is 5 - 6 times brighter than the expected contributions from known extra-galactic sources, is the residue of an immense primitive energy of ordinary matter released by a relativistic bang almost 100 million years after the big bang, which gave the mass-energy the missing gravity to activate contraction. This relativistic bang, via a Lorentz energy transformation, would have released enormous energy held to be the source of the powerful radio noise detected by the NASA researchers. This transformation would have simultaneously triggered the formation of the first stars from dense gas and the reionization of less dense neutral gas. This departs from the idea that continuous reionization began after the formation of the first stars. We emphasize the importance of primordial magnetic fields, which would have generated significant density fluctuations during recombination and acted as a direct seed for cosmic structures. The first stars and galaxies were bathed in strong magnetic fields that gave rise to the radio microwave din (boom) discovered by Arcade 2. These intense magnetic fields alter the trajectory of charged particles zooming near the speed of light, triggering the space roar and emitting radiation that forms a synchrotron radio background. The theory of Relation offers an alternative to the Lambda-CDM cosmological model, which has become the standard model of the big bang, which leads straight to the vacuum catastrophe.

Research Progress of Electromagnetic Field and Electromagnetic Compatibility of UHVDC Converter Valves

特高压直流换流阀的电磁场和电磁兼容性是其研制过程中的关键问题,国内外学者对此进行了系统研究。中国电力科学研究院成功研制出中国首个具有完全自主知识产权的800 kV/4 750 A特高压直流（ultra high voltage directcurrent,UHVDC）换流阀。针对电磁场和电磁兼容问题,利用三维电场边界元法实现换流阀寄生参数的提取,通过理论计算、数值仿真及试验测试等多种手段,对瞬态电磁干扰等问题提出了解决方案,为换流阀的研制和工程应用提供了必要的技术支撑。总结了上述领域的研究成果,对未来特高压直流换流阀电磁兼容领域的研究课题与解决方案提出了一些建议和设想。

Are Homologous Radio Bursts Driven by Solar Post-Flare Loops?

Three particularly complex radio bursts （2001 October 19, 2001 April 10 and 2003 October 26） obtained with the spectrometers （0.65-7.6GHz） at the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences （NAOC, Beijing and Yunnan） and other instruments （NoRH, TRACE and SXT） are presented. They each have two groups of peaks occurring in different frequency ranges （broad-band microwave and narrow-band decimeter wavelengths）. We stress that the second group of burst peaks that occurred in the late phase of the flares and associated with post-flare loops may be homologous radio bursts. We think that they are driven by the post-flare loops. In contrast to the time profiles of the radio bursts and the images of coronal magnetic polarities, we are able to find that the three events are caused by the active regions including main single-bipole magnetic structures, which are associated with multipole magnetic structures during the flare evolutions. In particular, we point out that the later decimetric radio bursts are possibly the radio counterparts of the homologous flares （called ＂homologous radio bursts＂ by us）, which are also driven by the single-bipole mag- netic structures. By examining the evolutions of the magnetic polarities of sources （17 GHz）, we could presume that the drivers of the homologous radio bursts are new and/or recurring appearances/disappearances of the magnetic polarities of radio sources, and that the triggers are the magnetic reconnections of single-bipole configurations.

Cu Films Deposited by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering Enhanced by ICP and External Magnetic Field Confinement

Metallic copper（Cu） films were deposited on a Si （100） substrate by unbalanced magnetron sputtering enhanced by radio-frequency plasma and external magnetic field confinement. The morphology and structure of the films were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscope （AFM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The surface average roughness of the deposited Cu films was characterized by AFM data and resistivity was measured by a four-point probe. The results show that the Cu films deposited with radio-frequency discharge enhanced ionization and external magnetic field confinement have a smooth surface, low surface roughness and low resistivity. The reasons may be that the radio-frequency discharge and external magnetic field enhance the plasma density, which further improves the ion bombardment effect under the same bias voltage conditions. Ion bombardment can obviously influence the growth features and characteristics of the deposited Cu films.

The calculation of coronal magnetic field and density of nonthermal electrons in the 2003 October 27 microwave burst

Based on Dulk and Marsh＇s approximate theory about nonthermal gyrosyn- chrotron radiation, one simple impulsive microwave burst with a loop-like structure is selected for radio diagnostics of the coronal magnetic field and column density of non- thermal electrons, which are calculated from the brightness temperature, polarization degree, and spectral index, as well as the turnover frequency, observed by using the Nobeyama Radioheliograph and the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, respectively. Very strong variations （up to one or two orders of magnitude） of the calculated transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields with respect to the line-of-sight, as well as the cal- culated electron column density, appear in the looptop and footpoint sources during the burst. The absolute magnitude and varied range of the transverse magnetic field are evidently larger than those of the longitudinal magnetic field. The time evolution of the transverse magnetic field is always anti-correlated with that of the longitudi- nal magnetic field, but positively correlated with that of the electron column density. These results strongly support the idea that quantifying the energy released in a flare depends on a reconstruction of the coronal magnetic field, especially for the trans- verse magnetic field, and they are basically consistent with the recent theoretical and observational studies on the photospheric magnetic field in solar flares.

Time Evolution of the Turnover Frequency for Diagnosis of the Coronal Magnetic Field

Two impulsive microwave bursts observed by Owens-Valley Solar Arrays （OVSA） are studied. The fast time variation of the turnover frequency in these bursts is quite different from the constant value in the earlier conclusion. The observational turnover frequencies are consistent with the calculations using the non-thermal gyrosynchrotron radiation model. We find the turnover frequency may play an important role for calculating the coronal magnetic field on the basis of Dulk and Marsh＇s approximations.

放疗计划参数对剂量验证计划γ通过率的相关性研究

目的 探讨头颈部放疗计划参数对剂量验证计划γ通过率的相关性。方法 选取2019年11月—2021年9月福建肿瘤医院放疗中心收治的184例放射治疗的头颈部肿瘤患者。其中85例采用调强放疗(intensity-modulated radio therapy,IMRT)计划,99例采用容积旋转调强放疗(volumetric modulated arc therapy,VMAT)计划,通过电子射野影像装置,使用ArcCHECK分别对IMRT和VMAT计划进行计量验证,并在不同的γ分析标准(选取1%/1 mm,2%/2 mm和3%/3 mm)下验证剂量通过率。分析不同放疗计划中射野复杂度指标,并判断其射野复杂度指标与γ通过率的相关性。结果 VMAT计划在1%/1 mm标准下γ通过率低于IMRT计划,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);VMAT计划和IMRT计划在2%/2 mm标准下γ通过率分别为(90.72±2.84)%、(90.59±5.19)%,在3%/3 mm标准下γ通过率分别为(97.02±1.71)%、(98.64±1.00)%,2种计划在3%/3 mm标准下的平均γ通过率均较高,在2%/2 mm标准下的平均γ通过率均有所下降,2种计划比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。在不同射野复杂度指标中,VMAT计划的计划标准跳数(plan normalized MU,PMU)、计划平均射野不规则性(plan averaged beam irregularity,PI)、计划平均射野调制(plan averaged beam modulation,PM)均大于IMRT计划,VMAT计划的平均调制复杂度分数(modulation complexity score,MCS)、计划平均射野面积(plan averaged beam area,PA)小于IMRT计划,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Spearman相关性检验结果表明,IMRT计划中,在2%/2 mm标准下,MCS、PM和γ通过率呈弱相关性(|r|<0.4,P <0.05),PMU和γ通过率呈中度相关性(0.4≤|r|≤0.7,P <0.05),在3%/3 mm标准下,PMU、MCS、PM和γ通过率呈中度相关性(0.4≤|r|≤0.7,P <0.05);PA、PI与γ通过率均无相关性(P> 0.05);VMAT计划中,在2%/2 mm标准下,PMU、MCS、PI、PM和γ通过率呈中度相关性(0.4≤|r|≤0.7,P <0.05),在3%/3 mm标准下,PMU、MCS、PM、PI和γ通过率呈中度相关性(0.4≤|r|≤≤0.7,P <0.05),PA与γ通过率均无相关性(P> 0.05)。结论射野复杂度指标与γ通过率具有不同程度的相关性,可在剂量验证前调整射野指标辅助设计放疗计划。

无线电波透视多频率探测法在厚煤层工作面构造探查中的应用

在煤矿井下回采工作面开展无线电波透视探测时,受不同煤层、各种岩层和地质构造影响,其无线电波透视衰减系数不同。对于同一煤层、同一频率发射的无线电波来说,煤层越厚,衰减系数越高。为了准确探测厚煤层工作面内部地质构造赋存情况,通过多频率试验选取适合的天线进行无线电波透视,经过多种频率的探测结果与实际揭露的地质构造特征进行相互对比,确定了一种针对厚煤层大面宽工作面无线电波透视的探测天线,提高了探测精度。

Near-Field Loop Antenna for the UHF RFID Reader

A loop antenna for near field readers is proposed. Through periodic interdigital capacitors, the phase of the current on the loop is compensated and kept in phase. Hence, a loop with a perimeter of one wavelength at 900 MHz achieves a uniform near magnetic field distribution inside the loop. A novel method is proposed to evaluate the performance of the coplanar waveguide （CPW） to coplanar stripline （CPS） transition, which is used as a balun for the feeding network in this paper. This loop antenna has a 70 MHz operating bandwidth and 12 cm maximum reading range when the output power is 24 dBm, which is suitable for most near field radio frequency identification （RFID） applications.

Linear Correlations between Peak Frequency of Gyrosynchrotron Spectrum and Photosphere Magnetic Fields

The gyrosynchrotron spectra are computed in a nonuniform magnetic field case, taking into account the self- and gyroresonance absorption. It is found that the peak frequency νp of the gyrosynchrotron spectrum systematically increases with the increasing photosphere magnetic field strength B0 and increasing viewing angle θ. It is also found for the first time that there are good positive linear correlations between νp and B0, and between log νp and log θ, with linear correlation coefficient 0.99 between νp and B0 and 0.95 between log νp and log θ. We apply the correlations to analyze two burst events observed with OVSA and find that the evolution tendencies of the photosphere magnetic field strength B0 estimated from the above expression are comparable with the observational results of SOHO/MDI. We also give a comparison of the diagnostic results of coronal magnetic field strength in both uniform and nonuniform source models.