Wave field structure and power coupling features of blue-core helicon plasma driven by various antenna geometries and frequencies

This paper deals with wave propagation and power coupling in blue-core helicon plasma driven by various antennas and frequencies.It is found that compared to non-blue-core mode,for blue-core mode,the wave can propagate in the core region,and it decays sharply outside the core.The power absorption is lower and steeper in radius for blue-core mode.Regarding the effects of antenna geometry for blue-core mode,it shows that half helix antenna yields the strongest wave field and power absorption,while loop antenna yields the lowest.Moreover,near axis,for antennas with m=+1,the wave field increases with axial distance.In the core region,the wave number approaches to a saturation value at much lower frequency for non-blue-core mode compared to blue-core mode.The total loading resistance is much lower for blue-core mode.These findings are valuable to understanding the physics of blue-core helicon discharge and optimizing the experimental performance of blue-core helicon plasma sources for applications such as space propulsion and material treatment.

Radio Propagation and Wireless Coverage of LSAA-Based 5G Millimeter-Wave Mobile Communication Systems

Millimeter-wave(mm Wave) communications will be used in fifth-generation(5G) mobile communication systems, but they experience severe path loss and have high sensitivity to physical objects, leading to smaller cell radii and complicated network architectures. A coverage extension scheme using large-scale antenna arrays(LSAAs) has been suggested and theoretically proven to be cost-efficient in combination with ultradense small cell networks. To analyze and optimize the LSAA-based network deployments, a comprehensive survey of recent advances in statistical mmWave channel modeling is first presented in terms of channel parameter estimation, large-scale path loss models, and small-scale cluster models. Next, the measurement and modeling results at two 5G candidate mmWave bands(e.g., 28 GHz and 39 GHz) are reviewed and compared in several outdoor scenarios of interest, where the propagation characteristics make crucial contributions to wireless network designs. Finally, the coverage behaviors of systems employing a large number of antenna arrays are discussed, as well as some implications on future mmWave cellular network designs.

利用Radio Waves特效制作水墨字体效果

在一个制作精良的电视栏目片头或者宣传片中,不同造型元素的运用,可以体现该栏目或某一地域的不同文化特色和文化底蕴,水墨元素属于中国传统文化的一部分,在这里我们就运用Radio Waves特效来制作水墨字体效果。

Gravity wave activities in Tibet observed by COSMIC GPS radio occultation

The Gravity waves activities in the Tibetan Plateau are very complex with different effects and natures that are not clear due to the lack of high resolution data from space and also from ground. In this paper,using COSMICGPS radio occultation data from 2006 to 2014, the atmospheric gravity waves activities and climatologic behaviors in Tibetan stratosphere are studied and analyzed, which show different characteristics. Most of the gravity waves with potential energy(Ep) at altitude of 17-24 km are associated with mountain waves. A good correlation between gravity wave activities and zonal wind flow is found. The distribution of gravity wave(GW) activities in Tibet is strongly connected with zonal wind variation and topography. GW activities are enhanced in winter seasons and decreased in summer seasons since strong western winds persist at all heights of the Tibetan troposphere. The gravity waves generated in the Tibetan area are mostly related to the orography of the area. The vertical wavelengths of GWS are shorter.Gravity waves in the Northwest have different vertical wavelengths in the Southeastern part of Tibetan Plateau, and dominant wavelengths are 3-5 km in the Northwest and 2-3 km in the Southeast,respectively. In the summer, the Northwestern part is the main source of wave generation while in the winter the GW is generated almost from all peaks of the Tibetan Plateau. Gravity waves in the region are clearly related to deep convection, which can also be proved by the inverse relation of Outgoing long wave radiation(OLR) and potential energy(Ep).

STUDY ON GIS BASED PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN URBAN REGION

In this letter, an integrated application of the prediction for radio wave propagation with the Geographic Information System (GIS) is presented and a real prediction system based on GIS is implemented.

Bi-Directional Excitation of Radio Frequency Waves Using a Helical Antenna in Non-Uniform Plasmas towards a Compact Magnetoplasma Thruster

Magnetoplasma thruster is one of the attractive plasma engines for space propulsion in future manned deep space exploration. Usually two helical antennas are equipped to produce and heat plasmas with separate radio frequency sources. It is presented in this paper that a helical antenna, which is used to launch one wave mode in one direction so far, exhibits bi-directional nature, where the waves with different mode numbers are launched and couple with electrons and ions selectively in opposite directions. A two-dimensional numerical calculation is performed to predict wave propagation and power absorption in a non-uniform hydrogen plasma immersed in a non-uniform external static magnetic field, based on the hot plasma theory. It is confirmed that appropriate choice of the excitation condition of the antenna can select axial propagation direction of specific wave modes and consequently select a species that absorbs power from generated waves. A small-scale experiment is performed to confirm the prediction of the calculation. By measuring a change in electron and ion temperatures due to the wave launch from the helical antenna, it is found that both the production and heating at different axial positions are accomplished simultaneously by one antenna showing that another type of the radio frequency driven magnetoplasma thruster would be achieved.

Theory and Analysis for First-Order Interaction Between HF Radio Waves and Ocean Waves

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Investigation of Total Absorption of Radio Waves in High Latitude Ionosphere

Using the digisonde data observed at ionospheric station Norilsk （Dip lat. 60~N） in 2006, a statistical study on the characteristics of the ionospheric plasma total absorption of radio waves （IPTAR） was performed. In the winter and some months of equinox, the IPTAR mainly occurred in the nighttime and the highest occurrence rate could be up to 90%. In the summer, the occurrence was relatively low and the differences between nighttime and daytime occurrence reduced. The total duration of IPTAR seemed longer around the winter than that around the summer. The occurrence of IPTAR events ascended as the Kp index increased. The frequent precipitation of energetic particles into the ionospheric plasma in the auroral belt may be the main cause of the IPTAR events.

Numerical study of radio wave propagation in clear air acoustic scatterer

This paper numerically investigates the radio wave scattering by the artificial acoustic disturbance in the atmospheric boundary layer. The numerical model is based on the finitedifference time-domain（FDTD） method for radio wave propagation and fluid simulation for atmospheric disturbance by acoustics waves. The characteristics of radio wave scattering propagation in the artificial acoustic perturbations are investigated by this numerical model. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the radio wave propagation scattered by acoustic scatterer has the characteristic of forward tropospheric scatter. When the radio waves are scattered, they distribute in all directions; a majority of radio waves continues to propagate along the original direction, and only a small part of the energy is scattered. For the same acoustic scatterer, if we merely change the radio wave emission elevation, the horizontal spans of forward scattering radio wave packets centers gradually decrease with the increasing of emission elevations; and the energy of wave packets increases firstly and then decreases with launching elevation, reaching the maximum at a certain angle. If we merely change the wave emitting position, the horizontal spans decrease with the increasing of emission positions, and the energy of wave packets also increases firstly and then decreases with launch position, reaching the maximum at a certain position. This approach can be very promising for atmospheric scatter communications.

Radio Wave Propagation Characteristics in FMCW Radar

FMCW Radar (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar) is used for various purposes, such as atmospheric Remote Sensing, inter-vehicle ranging, etc. FMCW radar systems are usually very compact, relatively cheap in purchase as well as in daily use, and consume little power. In this paper, FMCW radar determines a target range by measuring the beat frequency between a transmitted signal and the received signal from the target, and Combines between PO and radar single. The approach based on frequency domain physical optics for the scattering estimation and the linear system modeling for the estimation of time domain response, and FMCW Radar signal processing.

Transparency of Cosmic Radio Waves Caused by Seismic and Volcano Activities

The generation of different waves in the atmosphere and ionosphere caused by seismic and volcano activities has changed the transparency for cosmic radio waves. It is possible to analyze two cases: the first case caused by the atmospheric acoustic wave, which creates a periodic structure of the electron density in the ionosphere. It is shown that the resonant passing of the radio waves takes place, when the length of the acoustic wave is equal to one or a few lengths of the radio wave. The second case produces the electron density decrease in the F-layer of the ionosphere resulting in an increase in the transparency of the ionosphere for cosmic radio waves. The review of these phenomena is provided in this work and both cases have been confirmed experimentally.

A Millimeter-Wave Radio Telescope Project at Seoul National University

The Department of Astronomy at Seoul National University is carrying out a project to build a radio observatory, the Seoul Radio Astronomical Observatory (SRAO). The observatory will be constructed on our campus, which is located at sea level in Seoul, Korea, at (126°57.′3E, 37°27.′1N). The observatory will operate a 6 m millimeter radio telescope.

Designing Wireless Charger Circuit for Hearing Aids Using Radio Frequency Waves

In this paper, an attempt has been made to produce a recipient system of wireless charge for a simple hearing aid so that electrical signal would be generated through detecting and receiving radio frequency waves (RF). The purpose of this design is to receive wireless charge for hearing aids and basically for any electronic device which is not required to a high energy for being setup. In this study, it has been demonstrated that as the amount of radio receiving energy increases, distance of receiver from antenna should be decreased;otherwise, either maximum amount of the receiving energy, or signal power density of the transmitter should be increased. Since it is impossible to be performed, it is decided to set up an energy receiving system constructed by rectenna and charge Circuit and to adjust their parameters to provide energy requirements for a device with low-power consumption. In this paper, different components of an energy receiving system from radio frequency band have been mentioned and a diagram block has been suggested. Subsequently, input impedance of designed antenna has been adjusted by provided relations. This impedance should be adjusted with the total impedance of regarded hearing aid Circuit by which the highest amount of received signal power is transferred to the battery of hearing aids. Received signal is converted to a dc voltage by rectifier diode. Finally, by applying a voltage regulator which has been designed using a common-collector amplifier not only the output voltage is kept constant, but the power is also strengthened. The battery of the hearing aids will be charged using the obtained power and voltage.

Global Statistical Study of Ionospheric Waves Based on COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Data

Extracting and parameterizing ionospheric waves globally and statistically is a longstanding problem. Based on the multichannel maximum entropy method（MMEM） used for studying ionospheric waves by previous work, we calculate the parameters of ionospheric waves by applying the MMEM to numerously temporally approximate and spatially close global-positioning-system radio occultation total electron content profile triples provided by the unique clustered satellites flight between years 2006 and 2007 right after the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate（COSMIC） mission launch. The results show that the amplitude of ionospheric waves increases at the low and high latitudes（~0.15 TECU） and decreases in the mid-latitudes（~0.05 TECU）. The vertical wavelength of the ionospheric waves increases in the mid-latitudes（e.g., ~50 km at altitudes of 200–250 km） and decreases at the low and high latitudes（e.g., ~35 km at altitudes of 200–250 km）.The horizontal wavelength shows a similar result（e.g., ~1400 km in the mid-latitudes and ~800 km at the low and high latitudes）.

Indoor Environment and Human Sensing via Millimeter Wave Radio:A Review

With the rapid development of 5G technology,more and more attention has been attracted to mmWave sensing.As an emerging sensing medium,mmWave has the advantages of both high sensitivity and precision.Different from its networking applications,the core method of mmWave sensing is to analyze the reflected signal changes containing the relevant information of different surrounding environments.In this paper,we conduct a systemic review for mmWave sensing.We first summarize the prior works on environmental sensing with different signal analysis methods.Then,we classify and discuss the work of sensing humans,including their behavior and gestures.Finally,we discuss and put forward more possibilities of mmWave human perception.

Development of Millimeter-Wave Radio-over-Fiber Technology

Millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber techno- logy demonstrates the potential for providing wireless broad-band service in the next generation wireless communication system.Optical generation of millimeter-wave signal is one of the most important technologies of millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system.The virtues and shortcomings of some ways of optical generation of millimeter-wave signal are discussed.Then optical millimeter-wave signal transmission perfor- mance is described.Finally,an overview of the millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system is given.It is suggested that the millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber technology should be paid more attention,especially for modulators for optical generation of millimeter-wave signal and radio-over-fiber system.

矿井无线电波防爆安全发射功率研究

5G,5.5G,WiFi6,WiFi7,UWB,ZigBee等矿井移动通信系统及人员和车辆定位系统等发射的大功率无线电波有点燃瓦斯和煤尘的风险。因此,需要合理设置防爆无线电设备发射的无线电波防爆安全功率阈值,限制防爆无线电设备发射的无线电波功率。欧洲标准CLC/TR 50427:2004《Assessment of inadvertent ignition of flammable atmospheres by radio-frequency radiation-Guide》规定了爆炸性气体环境中无线电波防爆安全接收点火功率阈值,但缺少无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值的内容。国家标准GB/T 3836.1—2021《爆炸性环境第1部分:设备通用要求》和国际标准IEC 60079-0:2017《Explosive atmospheres-Part 0:Equipment-General requirements》虽然有无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值的相关规定,但错误地将欧洲标准CLC/TR 50427:2004中的无线电波防爆安全接收点火功率阈值修改为无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值,大大降低了爆炸性环境中无线电设备所能允许的最大发射功率。由于煤矿井下没有能作为接收天线的起重机这类细长结构物体,且现有矿井无线通信及定位系统工作频率均远大于30 MHz,所以,无线电波防爆安全接收点火功率阈值应为8 W,而不是国家标准GB/T 3836.1—2021和国际标准IEC 60079-0:2017规定的无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值6 W。在发射天线发射的无线电波能量全部被等效天线吸收的最不利于无线电防爆的传输和耦合情况下,无线电设备工作频率为等效天线谐振频率时,接收点火功率达到最大,为等效天线接收的总功率的一半,即发射功率的一半。在实际工程中,无线传输效率和耦合效率均不会为1,因此,无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值应是无线电波防爆安全接收点火功率阈值2倍以上。煤矿井下无线电波防爆安全接收点火功率阈值为8 W,因此,煤矿井下无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值应大于16 W。

电大山区地物环境中电波传播的电磁计算

在无人驾驶与无人机等新兴行业中,信号覆盖范围的要求较高,不仅仅在城市,在人迹罕至的山地、沙漠、森林中也需要无线信号的覆盖才能真正完成远程操控,这些地区更多需要考虑的是地势变化对电磁传播所带来的影响。计算电磁学中的一致性几何绕射理论方法是分析电大环境电磁问题的有效方法,使用计算电磁学的方法研究电磁波在山区地物环境中的传播规律。给出了一种建立不规则地形模型的新方法,可以通过数字高程的网格数据生成电磁算法可用的三次多项式曲面,使用多个立方曲面对不规则地形进行拼接,使用平均均方根误差验证模型数据的准确性。基于所得的地形数据,完成了并行的几何光学算法,并对区域电磁场的分布进行了仿真计算。选取了实际山区地物环境进行了实地测量,测量结果与仿真结果对比趋势一致,验证了该方法在非规则地形中电磁波传播分析中的有效性。考虑环境电磁计算的规模,建立了相应的并行策略,100核测试的并行效率可以保持在80%以上。

光斑密度峰值的毫米波雷达目标检测

毫米波雷达目标检测任务是车辆环境感知的重要组成部分,对恶劣天气条件下的智能驾驶具有重要意义.虽然现有雷达目标检测方法已取得不错的研究成果,但雷达数据仍存在手工设计的特征信息量不足、特征提取不充分以及时序特征未充分利用的问题.为解决这些问题,本文提出光斑密度峰值与神经网络相融合的两阶段目标检测方法.第一个阶段光斑密度峰值聚类算法,对射频图像中的目标进行粗略估计,并生成聚类簇对应的目标候选.将聚类生成的候选目标特征融合到原始射频图像.第二阶段基于通道融合的3D自编码器目标检测网络进一步提取目标多普勒速度和时序特征并分类.实验表明,所提出的两阶段方法与基准实验RODNet(CDC)相比,平均精度指标提升4.3%,平均召回率提升2.3%.

太周探测:从60年代四大天文发现说起(下)

人类的探索欲望及数千年来的不断积累促成了20世纪60年代的四大天文发现,而大气层对天文观测的一些根本性限制促使人们在20世纪冲出地球进入太空。在宽广的波段进行天文观测有着极为苛刻的要求,新猜想和模型的提出也要求进行新的验证,这些都促进了观测设备及器件的性能趋于极致。本文旨在对此进行简要的回顾分析并列举一些典型实例,侧重考察其探测波段、主镜或天线的口径、探测仪器及所用器件的类型和性能等,以便进行纵向和横向的比较,温故而思新。