BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)using implants with a high level of constraint has generally been recommended for patients with osteoarthritis(OA)who have valgus alignment.However,studies have reported favorabl...BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)using implants with a high level of constraint has generally been recommended for patients with osteoarthritis(OA)who have valgus alignment.However,studies have reported favorable outcomes even with cruciate-retaining(CR)implants.AIM To evaluate the coronal plane stability of CR-TKA in patients with valgus OA at the mid-term follow-up.METHODS Patients with primary valgus OA of the knee who underwent TKA from January 2014 to January 2021 were evaluated through stress radiography using a digital stress device with 100 N of force on both the medial and lateral side.Gap openings and degrees of angulation change were determined.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for both continuous and categorical variables.Inter-rater reliability of the radiographic measurements was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha.RESULTS This study included 25 patients(28 knees)with a mean preoperative mechanical valgus axis of 11.3(3.6-27.3)degrees.The mean follow-up duration was 3.4(1.04-7.4)years.Stress radiographs showed a median varus and valgus gap opening of 1.6(IQR 0.6-3.0)mm and 1.7(IQR 1.3-2.3)mm and varus and valgus angulation changes of 2.5(IQR 1.3-4.8)degrees and 2.3(IQR 2.0-3.6)degrees,respectively.No clinical signs of instability,implant loosening,or revision due to instability were observed throughout this case series.CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that using CR-TKA for patients with valgus OA of the knee promoted excellent coronal plane stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia(CPH)is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging.Because of its similar symptoms,it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases.Therefore,an ...BACKGROUND The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia(CPH)is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging.Because of its similar symptoms,it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases.Therefore,an objective and reproducible way of diagnosis should be determined.AIM To investigate CPH using Levandoski analysis on panoramic radiographs to determine its prevalence.METHODS A total of 300 panoramic radiograph images(600 coronoid processes)were examined.Having measured the Condyle-Gonion(Cd-Go)and Coronoid-Gonion(Cor-Go)distances,the Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratio was calculated for the left and right sides of each image.RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances between male and female participants(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant relationship between Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratios and gender(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances were statistically significantly increased in males on both the left and right sides.The ratio of Cor-Go:Cd-Go was preserved in both genders.The prevalence of CPH was found to be 0.3%.展开更多
A complete and detail method is described to get digitally reconstructed radiographs （DRRs）. Casting rays to traverse CT images, computing CT values of resample points by interpolation, then converting CT value to i...A complete and detail method is described to get digitally reconstructed radiographs （DRRs）. Casting rays to traverse CT images, computing CT values of resample points by interpolation, then converting CT value to its attenuation coefficient by using simplified segment function. Finally, DRRs enhancement is made to get the better display of region of interest （ROI）, and a new way is adopted to adjust the customization coefficient. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in generating the satisfied DRRs.展开更多
Objective To evaluate and reduce inter-observer variations in the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on digital radiograph （DR） chest images. Methods Two hundreds and thirty-two new posterior-anteri...Objective To evaluate and reduce inter-observer variations in the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on digital radiograph （DR） chest images. Methods Two hundreds and thirty-two new posterior-anterior DR chest images were collected from out-patient screening patients. Consensus was reached by two experienced radiologists on the marking, rating, and segmentation of small actionable nodules ranged from 5 to 15 mm in diameter using a computer-aided diagnosis （CAD） system. Both their own nodule findings and the computer＇s automatic nodule detection results were analyzed to make the consensus. Nodules identified together with corresponding likelihood rating and segmentation results were referred as ＂Gold Stand- ard＂. Two un-experienced radiologists were asked to first mark and characterize suspicious nodules independently, then were allowed to consult the computer nodule detection results and change their decisions. Results Large inter-observer variations in pulmonary nodule identification and characterization on DR chest images were observed between un-experienced radiologists. Un-expefienced radiologists could greatly benefit from the CAD system, including substantial decrease of inter-observer variation and improvement of nodule detection rates. Moreover, radiologists with different levels of skillfulness could achieve similar high level performance after using the CAD system. Conclusion The CAD system shows a high potential for providing a valuable assistance to the examination of DR chest images.展开更多
An instrument used for quantitative assessment of trabecular structure of radius on radiograph including trabecular number and trabecular width was developed using a microdensitometer and a single-chip microcomputer. ...An instrument used for quantitative assessment of trabecular structure of radius on radiograph including trabecular number and trabecular width was developed using a microdensitometer and a single-chip microcomputer. The device is characterized by its high sensitivity, good reproducibility, convenience and economy. The results obtained with the instrument were significantly correlated to actual bone mineral content, This device can be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, fluorosis, rickets and bone damages caused by cadmium.展开更多
Worldwide, lung cancer is the leading cause of mortalitydue to malignancy. The vast majority of cases of lung cancer are smoking related and the most effective way of reducing lung cancer incidence and mortality is by...Worldwide, lung cancer is the leading cause of mortalitydue to malignancy. The vast majority of cases of lung cancer are smoking related and the most effective way of reducing lung cancer incidence and mortality is by smoking cessation. In the Western world, smoking cessation policies have met with limited success. The other major means of reducing lung cancer deaths is to diagnose cases at an earlier more treatable stage employing screening programmes using chest radiographs or low dose computed tomography. In many countries smoking is still on the increase, and the sheer scale of the problem limits the affordability of such screening programmes. This short review article will evaluate the current evidence and potential areas of research which may benefit policy making across the world.展开更多
BACKGROUND The goal of treatment for pediatric idiopathic clubfoot is to enable the patient to comfortably walk on his or her soles without pain.However,currently accepted treatment protocols are not always successful...BACKGROUND The goal of treatment for pediatric idiopathic clubfoot is to enable the patient to comfortably walk on his or her soles without pain.However,currently accepted treatment protocols are not always successful.Based on the abnormal bone alignment reported in this disease,some studies have noted a correlation between radiographic characteristics and outcome,but this correlation remains debated.AIM To assess the correlation between immediately postoperative radiographic parameters and functional outcomes and to identify which best predicts functional outcome.METHODS To predict the outcome and prevent early failure of the Ponseti’s method,we used a simple radiographic method to predict outcome.Our study included newborns with idiopathic clubfoot treated with Ponseti’s protocol from November 2018 to August 2022.After Achilles tenotomy and a long leg cast were applied,the surgeon obtained a single lateral radiograph.Radiographic parameters included the tibiocalcaneal angle(TiCal),talocalcaneal angle(TaCal),talofirst metatarsal angle(Ta1st)and tibiotalar angle(TiTa).During the follow-up period,the Dimeglio score and functional score were examined 1 year after surgery.Additionally,recurring events were reported.The correlation between functional score and radiographic characteristics was analyzed using sample and multiple logistic regression,and the optimal predictor was also identified.RESULTS In total,54 feet received approximately 8 manipulations of casting and Achilles tenotomy at a mean age of 149 days.The average TiCal,TaCal,Ta1st,and TiTa angles were 75.24,28.96,7.61,and 107.31 degrees,respectively.After 12 mo of follow up,we found 66%excellent-to-good and 33.3%fair-to-poor functional outcomes.The Dimeglio score significantly worsened in the poor outcome group(P value<0.001).Tical and TaCal showed significant differences between each functional outcome(P value<0.05),and the TiCal strongly correlated with outcome,with a smaller angle indicating a better outcome,each 1 degree decrease improved the functional outcome by 10 percent.The diagnostic test revealed that a TiCal angle of 70 degrees predicts an inferior functional outcome.CONCLUSION The TiCal,derived from lateral radiographs immediately after Achilles tenotomy,can predict functional outcome at 1 year postoperatively,justifying its use for screening patients who need very close follow-up.展开更多
BACKGROUND Stress radiographs have demonstrated superior efficacy in the evaluation of ankle instability.AIM To determine if there is a degree of instability evidenced by stress radiographs that is associated with pat...BACKGROUND Stress radiographs have demonstrated superior efficacy in the evaluation of ankle instability.AIM To determine if there is a degree of instability evidenced by stress radiographs that is associated with pathology concomitant with ankle ligamentous instability.METHODS A retrospective review of 87 consecutive patients aged 18-74 who had stress radiographs performed at a single institution between 2014 and 2020 was performed.These manual radiographic stress views were then correlated with magnetic resonance imaging and operative findings.RESULTS A statistically significant association was determined for the mean and median stress radiographic values and the presence of peroneal pathology(P=0.008 for tendonitis and P=0.020 for peroneal tendon tears).A significant inverse relationship was found between the presence of an osteochondral defect and increasing degrees of instability(P=0.043).CONCLUSION Although valuable in the clinical evaluation of ankle instability,stress radiographs are not an independent predictor of conditions associated with ankle in-stability.展开更多
Objective:To introduce primary experience of clinical applications of successive spot radiographs in esophagography for the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer(EEC). Methods: Six patients with EEC were examined and ...Objective:To introduce primary experience of clinical applications of successive spot radiographs in esophagography for the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer(EEC). Methods: Six patients with EEC were examined and diagnosed by a digital X-ray machine.According to the routine double contrast study of esophagus,the patient gulped a barium suspension in the upright position when the successive films were taken by 2 frames per second lasting for about 10 seconds.Various phases were obtained including barium-filled views,mucosal relief views and double contrast views. Results: Functional changes and abnormal mucosal folds of esophagus were present on successive spot radiographs of esophagography in patients with EEC and those patients with EEC were confirmed by endoscopic and pathologic findings.Four patients had mild loss of distensibility,2 patients had spasmodic contraction and 1 patient had barium retention.Thickened or interrupted folds were found in all cases.Little niches were detected in 5 of 6 patients. Conclusion: Evidence presented in barium studies of esophagus is more comprehensive and intact for the diagnosis of EEC when successive spot radiographs are employed.Functional changes of esophagus are more evident with this approach.展开更多
Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, p...Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first metatarsal.展开更多
高斯噪声是闪光图像中的主要噪声,将在密度反演等后续处理中被放大,严重影响密度重建及客体边界提取结果,因此,消高斯噪声是闪光图像消噪研究的重点内容。针对闪光照相图像噪声及照相客体轴旋转对称的特点,研究了基于三维块匹配滤波(Blo...高斯噪声是闪光图像中的主要噪声,将在密度反演等后续处理中被放大,严重影响密度重建及客体边界提取结果,因此,消高斯噪声是闪光图像消噪研究的重点内容。针对闪光照相图像噪声及照相客体轴旋转对称的特点,研究了基于三维块匹配滤波(Block Matching and 3D Filtering,BM3D)的闪光照相图像消噪算法,针对闪光照相图像中难以获得更高质量相似块的缺陷,在不破坏噪声独立性的情况下,通过对含噪退化图像进行旋转与镜像操作,增加了提供相似块的图像来源。同时,通过引入图像块的灰度变换,降低了原有相似性要求中的灰度值要求,提高了形状相似的要求,增加了获得高质量相似块的能力。图像的消噪结果表明,由于相似块的质量得到保证,用于闪光图像消噪的改进BM3D方法取得了更好的消噪效果。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)using implants with a high level of constraint has generally been recommended for patients with osteoarthritis(OA)who have valgus alignment.However,studies have reported favorable outcomes even with cruciate-retaining(CR)implants.AIM To evaluate the coronal plane stability of CR-TKA in patients with valgus OA at the mid-term follow-up.METHODS Patients with primary valgus OA of the knee who underwent TKA from January 2014 to January 2021 were evaluated through stress radiography using a digital stress device with 100 N of force on both the medial and lateral side.Gap openings and degrees of angulation change were determined.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for both continuous and categorical variables.Inter-rater reliability of the radiographic measurements was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha.RESULTS This study included 25 patients(28 knees)with a mean preoperative mechanical valgus axis of 11.3(3.6-27.3)degrees.The mean follow-up duration was 3.4(1.04-7.4)years.Stress radiographs showed a median varus and valgus gap opening of 1.6(IQR 0.6-3.0)mm and 1.7(IQR 1.3-2.3)mm and varus and valgus angulation changes of 2.5(IQR 1.3-4.8)degrees and 2.3(IQR 2.0-3.6)degrees,respectively.No clinical signs of instability,implant loosening,or revision due to instability were observed throughout this case series.CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that using CR-TKA for patients with valgus OA of the knee promoted excellent coronal plane stability.
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia(CPH)is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging.Because of its similar symptoms,it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases.Therefore,an objective and reproducible way of diagnosis should be determined.AIM To investigate CPH using Levandoski analysis on panoramic radiographs to determine its prevalence.METHODS A total of 300 panoramic radiograph images(600 coronoid processes)were examined.Having measured the Condyle-Gonion(Cd-Go)and Coronoid-Gonion(Cor-Go)distances,the Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratio was calculated for the left and right sides of each image.RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances between male and female participants(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant relationship between Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratios and gender(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances were statistically significantly increased in males on both the left and right sides.The ratio of Cor-Go:Cd-Go was preserved in both genders.The prevalence of CPH was found to be 0.3%.
基金Support by Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2008 C0013R)
文摘A complete and detail method is described to get digitally reconstructed radiographs （DRRs）. Casting rays to traverse CT images, computing CT values of resample points by interpolation, then converting CT value to its attenuation coefficient by using simplified segment function. Finally, DRRs enhancement is made to get the better display of region of interest （ROI）, and a new way is adopted to adjust the customization coefficient. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in generating the satisfied DRRs.
文摘Objective To evaluate and reduce inter-observer variations in the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on digital radiograph （DR） chest images. Methods Two hundreds and thirty-two new posterior-anterior DR chest images were collected from out-patient screening patients. Consensus was reached by two experienced radiologists on the marking, rating, and segmentation of small actionable nodules ranged from 5 to 15 mm in diameter using a computer-aided diagnosis （CAD） system. Both their own nodule findings and the computer＇s automatic nodule detection results were analyzed to make the consensus. Nodules identified together with corresponding likelihood rating and segmentation results were referred as ＂Gold Stand- ard＂. Two un-experienced radiologists were asked to first mark and characterize suspicious nodules independently, then were allowed to consult the computer nodule detection results and change their decisions. Results Large inter-observer variations in pulmonary nodule identification and characterization on DR chest images were observed between un-experienced radiologists. Un-expefienced radiologists could greatly benefit from the CAD system, including substantial decrease of inter-observer variation and improvement of nodule detection rates. Moreover, radiologists with different levels of skillfulness could achieve similar high level performance after using the CAD system. Conclusion The CAD system shows a high potential for providing a valuable assistance to the examination of DR chest images.
文摘An instrument used for quantitative assessment of trabecular structure of radius on radiograph including trabecular number and trabecular width was developed using a microdensitometer and a single-chip microcomputer. The device is characterized by its high sensitivity, good reproducibility, convenience and economy. The results obtained with the instrument were significantly correlated to actual bone mineral content, This device can be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, fluorosis, rickets and bone damages caused by cadmium.
文摘Worldwide, lung cancer is the leading cause of mortalitydue to malignancy. The vast majority of cases of lung cancer are smoking related and the most effective way of reducing lung cancer incidence and mortality is by smoking cessation. In the Western world, smoking cessation policies have met with limited success. The other major means of reducing lung cancer deaths is to diagnose cases at an earlier more treatable stage employing screening programmes using chest radiographs or low dose computed tomography. In many countries smoking is still on the increase, and the sheer scale of the problem limits the affordability of such screening programmes. This short review article will evaluate the current evidence and potential areas of research which may benefit policy making across the world.
文摘BACKGROUND The goal of treatment for pediatric idiopathic clubfoot is to enable the patient to comfortably walk on his or her soles without pain.However,currently accepted treatment protocols are not always successful.Based on the abnormal bone alignment reported in this disease,some studies have noted a correlation between radiographic characteristics and outcome,but this correlation remains debated.AIM To assess the correlation between immediately postoperative radiographic parameters and functional outcomes and to identify which best predicts functional outcome.METHODS To predict the outcome and prevent early failure of the Ponseti’s method,we used a simple radiographic method to predict outcome.Our study included newborns with idiopathic clubfoot treated with Ponseti’s protocol from November 2018 to August 2022.After Achilles tenotomy and a long leg cast were applied,the surgeon obtained a single lateral radiograph.Radiographic parameters included the tibiocalcaneal angle(TiCal),talocalcaneal angle(TaCal),talofirst metatarsal angle(Ta1st)and tibiotalar angle(TiTa).During the follow-up period,the Dimeglio score and functional score were examined 1 year after surgery.Additionally,recurring events were reported.The correlation between functional score and radiographic characteristics was analyzed using sample and multiple logistic regression,and the optimal predictor was also identified.RESULTS In total,54 feet received approximately 8 manipulations of casting and Achilles tenotomy at a mean age of 149 days.The average TiCal,TaCal,Ta1st,and TiTa angles were 75.24,28.96,7.61,and 107.31 degrees,respectively.After 12 mo of follow up,we found 66%excellent-to-good and 33.3%fair-to-poor functional outcomes.The Dimeglio score significantly worsened in the poor outcome group(P value<0.001).Tical and TaCal showed significant differences between each functional outcome(P value<0.05),and the TiCal strongly correlated with outcome,with a smaller angle indicating a better outcome,each 1 degree decrease improved the functional outcome by 10 percent.The diagnostic test revealed that a TiCal angle of 70 degrees predicts an inferior functional outcome.CONCLUSION The TiCal,derived from lateral radiographs immediately after Achilles tenotomy,can predict functional outcome at 1 year postoperatively,justifying its use for screening patients who need very close follow-up.
文摘BACKGROUND Stress radiographs have demonstrated superior efficacy in the evaluation of ankle instability.AIM To determine if there is a degree of instability evidenced by stress radiographs that is associated with pathology concomitant with ankle ligamentous instability.METHODS A retrospective review of 87 consecutive patients aged 18-74 who had stress radiographs performed at a single institution between 2014 and 2020 was performed.These manual radiographic stress views were then correlated with magnetic resonance imaging and operative findings.RESULTS A statistically significant association was determined for the mean and median stress radiographic values and the presence of peroneal pathology(P=0.008 for tendonitis and P=0.020 for peroneal tendon tears).A significant inverse relationship was found between the presence of an osteochondral defect and increasing degrees of instability(P=0.043).CONCLUSION Although valuable in the clinical evaluation of ankle instability,stress radiographs are not an independent predictor of conditions associated with ankle in-stability.
文摘Objective:To introduce primary experience of clinical applications of successive spot radiographs in esophagography for the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer(EEC). Methods: Six patients with EEC were examined and diagnosed by a digital X-ray machine.According to the routine double contrast study of esophagus,the patient gulped a barium suspension in the upright position when the successive films were taken by 2 frames per second lasting for about 10 seconds.Various phases were obtained including barium-filled views,mucosal relief views and double contrast views. Results: Functional changes and abnormal mucosal folds of esophagus were present on successive spot radiographs of esophagography in patients with EEC and those patients with EEC were confirmed by endoscopic and pathologic findings.Four patients had mild loss of distensibility,2 patients had spasmodic contraction and 1 patient had barium retention.Thickened or interrupted folds were found in all cases.Little niches were detected in 5 of 6 patients. Conclusion: Evidence presented in barium studies of esophagus is more comprehensive and intact for the diagnosis of EEC when successive spot radiographs are employed.Functional changes of esophagus are more evident with this approach.
文摘Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first metatarsal.
文摘高斯噪声是闪光图像中的主要噪声,将在密度反演等后续处理中被放大,严重影响密度重建及客体边界提取结果,因此,消高斯噪声是闪光图像消噪研究的重点内容。针对闪光照相图像噪声及照相客体轴旋转对称的特点,研究了基于三维块匹配滤波(Block Matching and 3D Filtering,BM3D)的闪光照相图像消噪算法,针对闪光照相图像中难以获得更高质量相似块的缺陷,在不破坏噪声独立性的情况下,通过对含噪退化图像进行旋转与镜像操作,增加了提供相似块的图像来源。同时,通过引入图像块的灰度变换,降低了原有相似性要求中的灰度值要求,提高了形状相似的要求,增加了获得高质量相似块的能力。图像的消噪结果表明,由于相似块的质量得到保证,用于闪光图像消噪的改进BM3D方法取得了更好的消噪效果。
