Robotics in total knee replacement:Current use and future implications

Robotic total knee replacement(TKR)surgery has evolved over the years with the aim of improving the overall 80% satisfaction rate associated with TKR surgery.Proponents claim higher precision in executing the pre-operative plan which results in improved alignment and possibly better clinical outcomes.Opponents suggest longer operative times with potentially higher complications and no superiority in clinical outcomes alongside increased costs.This editorial will summarize where we currently stand and the future implications of using robotics in knee replacement surgery.

Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings, imaging modalities, and the role of radiology in the COVID-19 pandemic

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,over 103214008 cases have been reported,with more than 2231158 deaths as of January 31,2021.Although the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease remains the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs,its false-negative rates have ignited the use of medical imaging as an important adjunct or alternative.Medical imaging assists in identifying the pathogenesis,the degree of pulmonary damage,and the characteristic features in each imaging modality.This literature review collates the characteristic radiographic findings of COVID-19 in various imaging modalities while keeping the preliminary focus on chest radiography,computed tomography(CT),and ultrasound scans.Given the higher sensitivity and greater proficiency in detecting characteristic findings during the early stages,CT scans are more reliable in diagnosis and serve as a practical method in following up the disease time course.As research rapidly expands,we have emphasized the CO-RADS classification system as a tool to aid in communicating the likelihood of COVID-19 suspicion among healthcare workers.Additionally,the utilization of other scoring systems such as MuLBSTA,Radiological Assessment of Lung Edema,and Brixia in this pandemic are reviewed as they integrate the radiographic findings into an objective scoring system to risk stratify the patients and predict the severity of disease.Furthermore,current progress in the utilization of artificial intelligence via radiomics is evaluated.Lastly,the lesson from the first wave and preparation for the second wave from the point of view of radiology are summarized.

Estimation of exposure dose for decontamination workers from contaminated soil at a nuclear decommissioning site in Korea

Assessment of the exposure dose for workers is crucial to protecting workers from the radiological risk.This preliminary study estimates the potential radiological exposure for a soil remediation worker at a nuclear decommissioning site contaminated with Cs-137 in Korea,and then calculates the maximum workable soil concentration to comply with the occupational dose constraint of 20 mSv per year.The Korean characteristic data,detailed exposure scenarios for workers by the type of work,and relevant exposure pathways were used in the dose estimation.As a result,the most severe exposure-induced work type was identified as the excavator operation with an annual individual dose of 5.92×10^-5 mSv for a unit concentration of soil,from which the derived maximum workable soil concentration was 3.38×105 Bq/kg.Furthermore,dose contribution by each exposure pathway was found to be decreased in the following order:external radiation exposure,soil ingestion,dust inhalation,and skin contamination.The results of this study are expected to be used effectively to optimize radiation protection for workers and establish appropriate work procedures for future site remediation.