Radiotherapy for hyoid bone metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Metastasis to the hyoid bone is an exceptionally rare occurrence,with documented cases limited to breast,liver,colon,skin,lung,and prostate cancers.This report highlights an unusual case involving the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the hyoid bone,accompanied by a distinctive headache.Previous documentation involved surgical resection of the hyoid mass.We present a case displaying the benefits of palliative radiotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old non-smoking,non-alcoholic woman,initially under investigation for a year-long elevation in absolute lymphocyte count,presented with a monthlong history of intermittent throat pain.Despite negative findings in gastroenterological and otolaryngologic examinations,a contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography scan revealed a mediastinal mass and questionable soft tissue thickening in her left anterolateral neck.Subsequent imaging and biopsies confirmed the presence of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the hyoid bone.The patient was treated with platinum-based chemo-immunotherapy along with pembrolizumab.Ultimately,the lung cancer was unresponsive.Our patient opted for palliative radiation therapy instead of surgical resection to address her throat pain.As a result,her throat pain was alleviated,and it also incidentally resolved her chronic headaches.This is the second documented case of lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the hyoid bone.CONCLUSION Palliative radiotherapy may add to the quality of life in symptomatic patients with cancer metastatic to the hyoid bone.

月季3种病毒RT-LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

[目的]月季是我国重要的观赏花卉,李属坏死环斑病毒(prunus necrotic ringspot virus,PNRSV)、苹果茎沟病毒(apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)、月季潜隐病毒1(rose cryptic virus 1,RCV1)是侵染月季的主要病毒,与其它病毒复合侵染月季时,对其生长和发育可造成严重影响。本文旨在建立灵敏、便捷地检测月季中这3种病毒的RT-LAMP检测方法。[方法]本研究以病毒CP基因为靶序列设计特异性引物,建立侵染月季的PNRSV、ASGV和RCV1的RT-LAMP检测方法,并对反应体系中Mg^(2+)浓度和dNTP使用浓度、反应温度和反应时间进行了优化,并对反应灵敏度和特异性进行了检测。[结果]该方法在恒温条件(61℃)下即可对目标病毒实现可视化特异性检测,检测体系中Mg^(2+)和dNTP最佳使用浓度分别为5.0 mmol/L和1.2 mmol/L;本研究所建立的RT-LAMP检测方法,RCV1、PNRSV和ASGV可以检测到病毒的最低浓度分别为3.19×10^(5)、6.44×10^(4)和4.04×10^(4)拷贝/μL,灵敏度是RT-PCR的100~1000倍,而且检测体系具有很好的反应特异性,与侵染月季的其它病毒之间不存在交叉反应;使用该RT-LAMP检测方法随机对田间19个样品进行检测,可通过颜色变化,能准确检测出样品中的目标病毒,而无需借助琼脂糖凝胶电泳或其它专门仪器。[结论]该方法可通过直接添加染料实现可视化,具有快速、便捷、特异性好特点,适用于侵染月季的PNRSV、ASGV和RCV1的快速诊断及田间监测。

Changes in acute and late toxicity and patient-reported health-related quality of life following radiotherapy in women with breast cancer:A 1-year longitudinal study

Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of acute and late toxicities,as well as changes in the quality of life(QOL)for breast cancer patients following radiotherapy(RT).Materials and Methods:A total of 108 breast cancer women were recruited for this prospective study.Data were collected at various intervals;prior to,and 1,3,6 months,and 1 year after radiation therapy.The primary outcomes were toxicity radiation therapy oncology group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC)criteria.Our secondary outcome was QOL,measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.We employed Friedman’s two-way analysis to evaluate the changes in QOL over the course of 1 year.Results:The early toxicities that are most commonly experienced include pharyngeal,skin,and mucous membrane toxicity.Late toxicities frequently involve skin and submucosal toxicity.To measure patient functionality,all functional subscale scores except for the patient’s emotional state increased over time compared to pre-RT.Symptoms of the patients,which were included in the QOL symptom scale,decreased during the follow-up period,except for fatigue;however,changes in pain,insomnia,and loss of appetite did not significantly change.We identified the analogous symptom profiles in Edmonton.Although patients’overall health scores declined in the 1st and 3rd months after radiotherapy(RT),they rebounded at 6 and 12 months.Conclusion:For breast cancer patients,RT did not adversely affect functional capacity or exacerbate symptoms,but persistent fatigue did increase during the observation period.Health-care professionals ought to devise strategies to assist patients with skin toxicity and fatigue.

Pneumocystis pneumonia in stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma with immune-related acute kidney injury and thoracic radiotherapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are therapeutic agents for advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with high clinical antitumor efficacy.However,immune-related adverse events occur in 20%of these patients and often requiring treatment with immunosuppressive agents,such as corticosteroids.Consequently,this may increase the risk of patients to opportunistic infections.Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia(PJP),a rare but serious opportunistic infection typically observed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus,can also occur in cancer patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid treatment.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 56-year-old male with squamous NSCLC treated with triplimab combined with paclitaxel,carboplatin,and radical thoracic radiation therapy.Following this regimen,he developed acute kidney injury(AKI)with elevated creatinine levels.After concurrent radical chemoradiotherapy ended,he developed a grade 3 immune-related AKI.High-dose corticosteroids were administered to treat AKI,and renal function gradually recovered.Corticosteroids were reduced to a dose of 10 mg prednisone equivalent daily eight weeks later;however,he developed severe pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax.Next-generation sequencing of the bronchoscopic lavage revealed PJP co-infection with herpes simplex virus 1 and cytomegalovirus.The inflammation was more severe in areas exposed to radiation.Piperacillin-tazobactam,acyclovir,sulfamethoxazole,and trimethoprim were used to control the infection.The patient recovered,and immunotherapy was terminated.CONCLUSION PJP is rare but can occur in patients with ICI adverse events and should be differentiated from tumor progression or immune-related adverse events.Thoracic radiation may increase risk,necessitating careful monitoring and prevention.

Evaluation of Dosimetric Impact of Uncertainty of Measurement in Estimating External Radiotherapy Dose

Cancer is a major societal public health and economic problem, responsible for one in every six deaths. Radiotherapy is the main technique of treatment for more than half of cancer patients. To achieve a successful outcome, the radiation dose must be delivered accurately and precisely to the tumor, within ± 5% accuracy. Smaller uncertainties are required for better treatment outcome. The objective of the study is to investigate the uncertainty of measurement of external radiotherapy beam using a standard ionization chamber under reference conditions. Clinical farmers type ionization chamber measurement was compared against the National Reference standard, by exposing it in a beam 60Co gamma source. The measurement set up was carried out according to IAEA TRS 498 protocol and uncertainty of measurement evaluated according to GUM TEDDOC-1585. Evaluation and analysis were done for the identified subjects of uncertainty contributors. The expanded uncertainty associated with 56 mGy/nC ND,W was found to be 0.9% corresponding to a confidence level of approximately 95% with a coverage factor of k = 2. The study established the impact of dosimetry uncertainty of measurement in estimating external radiotherapy dose. The investigation established that the largest contributor of uncertainty is the stability of the ionization chamber at 36%, followed by temperature at 22% and positioning of the chamber in the beam at 8%. The effect of pressure, electrometer, resolution, and reproducibility were found to be minimal to the overall uncertainty. The study indicate that there is no flawless measurement, as there are many prospective sources of variation. Measurement results have component of unreliability and should be regarded as best estimates of the true value. .

Potential of non-Western medicines in chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer

This editorial explores the potential integration of non-Western medicine into radiotherapy for cervical cancer.While radiotherapy remains a radical treatment for cervical cancer,its associated toxicity and decline in quality of life can significantly impact patients’lives.Currently,most treatments are supportive,with no specific treatment options available in Western medicine.Non-Western medicine,often less toxic and easier to administer,has shown promising results when used alongside radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Despite these potential benefits,challenges such as limited evidence and restricted application areas persist.While non-Western medicines may offer potential improvements in chemoradiotherapy outcomes for cervical cancer,further research is necessary to substantiate these benefits.

基于RTS评分的创伤抢救小组模式在急诊多发伤患者救治中的应用研究

目的 探究基于修正创伤评分的创伤抢救小组模式在急诊多发伤患者救治中的应用研究。方法 按简单随机化分组法将2022年9月-2023年9月在广州市白云区第二人民医院急诊科就诊的急诊多发伤患者分为观察组和对照组,各57例。观察组予以基于修正创伤评分的创伤抢救小组模式的急救干预;对照组予以常规急救干预。比较两组患者的急救情况(患者存活率、急诊科停留时间、影像学检查时间、入院至手术时间)、病情恶化情况(感染、大量输血、短暂休克)、心理状况[创伤后应激障碍自评量表(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder SelfRating Scale,PTSD-SS)]和患者出院时间。并比较两组护理人员伤情判断能力(院前急救护士岗位胜任力评价量表)。结果 观察组患者的存活率显著高于对照组(χ2=8.150,P<0.05),且观察组患者的急诊科停留时间、影像学检查时间、入院至手术时间和患者出院时间显著短于对照组(t=4.191、6.188、7.165、8.917,均P<0.05)。观察组患者的感染、大量输血和短暂休克等病情恶化情况和PTSD-SS评分显著低于对照组(χ~2=4.609、4.842、3.946,tPTSD-SS评分=5.174、4.940、6.619、3.083、3.090,均P<0.05)。观察组护理人员的院前急救护士岗位胜任力评价量表评分显著高于对照组(t=7.274、6.059、7.969、5.346、7.124、5.858,均P<0.05)。结论 基于修正创伤评分的创伤抢救小组模式的急救护理方案能够准确判断急诊多发伤患者伤情,使患者尽快获得救治,提高急救成功率,改善患者心理,使患者尽快出院。

Radiotherapy dosage:A neural network approach for uninvolved liver dose in stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver cancer

A recent study by Zhang et al developed a neural network-based predictive model for estimating doses to the uninvolved liver during stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)in liver cancer.The study reported a significant advancement in personalized radiotherapy by improving accuracy and reducing treatment-related toxicity.The model demonstrated strong predictive performance with R-values above 0.8,indicating its potential to improve treatment consistency.However,concerns arise from the small sample size and exclusion criteria,which may limit generalizability.Future studies should incorporate larger,more diverse patient cohorts,explore potential confounding factors such as tumor characteristics and delivery technique variability,and address the long-term effects of SBRT.

基于改进RT-DETR的USB-C连接器外观检测模型

随着电子市场的发展,USB-C接口的产量增加,对其质量检测要求也越来越高。针对其表面缺陷种类多,传统视觉检测精度低的问题,提出一种基于改进RT-DETR的USB-C连接器外观检测模型。首先,通过工业相机实际收集图像并进行标注,构建一个包含3630张图片缺陷的数据集;其次选用RTDETR-r18作为基本模型,在主干部分BasicBlock模块中引入高效的多尺度EMA注意力机制,有利于增强并捕捉不同缺陷的特征,在Neck部分添加CGA模块融合来自不同层的特征图,增强特征表示能力,最后优化损失函数,从而提高检测精度。实验结果表明,改进的RT-DETR模型平均检测精度可达95.4%,检测速度FPS可达232,优于主流的YOLO系列模型。该检测模型对USB-C连接器的外观检测具有较大实际应用价值。

Validation of the prognostic model for palliative radiotherapy in older patients with cancer

BACKGROUND Older patients are more likely to have a poor performance status and comor-bidities.There is a reluctance to extensively investigate and treat older patients.As elderly individuals and patients with neoplasms each increase in number,palliative treatment of older patients is expected to grow as an issue.AIM To investigated the role of palliative radiotherapy in older patients and patients who were expected to demonstrate a therapeutic effect.METHODS From February 2019 to February 2022,33 patients aged≥80 years underwent palliative radiotherapy.The prognosis in palliative care study predictor(PiPS),palliative prognostic index(PPI),and delirium-palliative prognostic score(D-PaP)models were used for prognosis prediction.D-PaP scores calculated according to the doctor's prediction of clinical prediction of survival(CPS)were excluded and then analyzed for comparison.Radiation was prescribed at a dose of 2.5-7 Gy per fraction,up to a median of 39 Gy10(range,28-75 Gy10).RESULTS The median follow-up was 2.4 months(range,0.2-27.5 months),and 28 patients(84.8%)showed subjective symptom improvements following treatment.The 2-and 6-month survival rates of all patients were 91.5%and 91.5%,respectively.According to regression analysis,the performance status index,symptom type,and radiation dose all showed no significant correlation with the treatment re-sponse.When survival was expected for>55 days in the PiPS model,the 2-month survival rate was 94.4%.For patients with PPI and D-PaP-CPS values of 0-3.9 points,the 2-month survival rates were 90.0%and 100%,respectively.For patients with a score of≥4 points,the 2-month survival rates were 37.5%and 0%,res-pectively.Core Tip:This is a retrospective study to investigate the role of palliative radiotherapy in older patients and patients who were expected to demonstrate a great therapeutic effect.The prognosis in palliative care study predictor,palliative prognostic index,and delirium-palliative prognostic score models were used for prognosis prediction.Most of patients showed subjective symptom improvements following treatment.The prognosis prediction model showed good correlation with survival.In order to increase the therapeutic effectiveness in palliative radiotherapy,it is necessary to assess a patient's exact prognosis and select appropriate patients accordingly.INTRODUCTION The incidence of cancer is high among individuals 60-69 years old and is 11 times greater among those≥65-years-old compared to those<65-years-old.For this reason,about half of all cancer cases are diagnosed in individuals aged≥70 years,and older patients account for a large portion of the total population regarding the prevalence of cancer[1].Cancer is one of the most significant diseases in older patients.About 60%of all cancer-related deaths occur in older patients aged 70 years[1,2].Moreover,cancer accounts for about one-third of the causes of death in the elderly population[1,2].When choosing a cancer treatment,both the characteristics of the cancer and the overall health status of the patient,such as their general condition and any underlying diseases,should be considered[2].Older patients have a shorter life expectancy than younger patients;moreover,they typically have many accompanying underlying diseases and have a poorer general condition.For this reason,older patients are often rejected from receiving active testing and treatment services.Therefore,even if other factors,such as the underlying disease,are the same in young and old patients,older patients typically receive less treatment due to the simple fact that they are older[3].Palliative treatment is a treatment approach that improves the pain and symptoms of a patient and their quality of life.Although palliative treatment is applicable regardless of patient age and the type and severity of their disease,most patients requiring palliative treatment are cancer patients.Palliative radiotherapy is relatively effective for cancer patients and tends to be a well-tolerated treatment.Although some studies have reported the usefulness of palliative radiotherapy in elderly patients,a large number of patients and caregivers are not receiving treatment due to fears of treatment,the risks of side effects,and doubts about treatment effectiveness[1].Since actual age is not always associated with physical ability,the determination of treatment based solely on age can be an obstacle preventing appropriate treatment opportunities.The importance of palliative care is increasing due to the recent growth of the elderly population,as well as,the increase in cancer incidence,and the changes in traditional views or perceptions,such as a growing acceptance of the pursuit of a dignified death[4].Therefore,in this study,we investigated the role of palliative radiotherapy in older patients and in patients who are expected to show a great therapeutic effect.

Advances in radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer

Recent advancements in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer have significantly improved treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.Traditional radiotherapy techniques have been enhanced by the integration of advanced imaging and precision targeting technologies,such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy,which allow for more accurate tumor targeting while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.Additionally,combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy has shown promising results,leveraging the body’s im-mune response to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment.Studies have also highlighted the benefits of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection,which has been associated with improved overall survival rates com-pared to radiotherapy alone.These innovations are paving the way for more effe-ctive and personalized treatment strategies,offering new hope for patients with esophageal cancer.

早期宫颈癌术后VMAT与IMRT的临床效果对比及对放疗剂量血清DCLK1 miR-15b水平的影响

目的:探究早期宫颈癌术后容积弧形调强放疗(VMAT)与固定野静态调强放疗(IMRT)的临床效果及对放疗剂量、血清双皮质素样激酶1(DCLK1)、微小RNA-15b(miR-15b)水平的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年1月长治医学院附属和平医院收治的早期宫颈癌术后行放射治疗的宫颈癌(CC)患者130例,采用随机数字表法分为VMAT组(n=65)、IMRT组(n=65),开展前瞻性研究。VMAT组采用VMAT治疗,IMRT组采用IMRT治疗。比较两组计划实施效率、靶区放疗剂量、危及器官受照剂量、血清DCLK1、miR-15b水平、肠道及阴道微生态、不良反应、复发率。结果:VMAT组机器跳数少于IMRT组,治疗时间短于IMRT组(P<0.05);两组HI、CI、Dmean、Dmin、Dmax比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);VMAT组直肠Dmean、右股骨头Dmean、左股骨头Dmean、小肠Dmax、膀胱Dmean、骨盆Dmean均小于IMRT组(P<0.05);放疗后两组间血清DCLK1、miR-15b水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);放疗后VMAT组肠道菌群丰富度、肠道菌群多样性指数、阴道菌群多样性评分、阴道菌群密集度评分均高于IMRT组(P<0.05);VMAT组骨髓抑制、放射性肠炎、消化道反应、细菌性阴道炎发生率低于IMRT组(P<0.05);术后12个月两组复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:VMAT靶区放疗剂量参数与IMRT相当,但能减少机器跳数和治疗时间,降低对周围器官受照剂量,改善肠道及阴道微生态,降低不良反应发生风险,且不会增加复发风险。

Identifying adipocyte-derived exosomal miRNAs as potential novel prognostic markers for radiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Radiation resistance limits radiotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).The tumor microenvironment,particularly adipocytes,plays a role in promoting cancer progression.Extracellular vesicles and microRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and hold prognostic potential for esophageal carcinoma.Elucidating radioresistance mechanisms and identifying radiosensitization targets can help enhance radiotherapy efficacy for esophageal cancer.AIM To investigate the potential role of miRNAs derived from adipocyte exosomes as prognostic markers for radiotherapy efficacy in ESCC.METHODS Free adipocytes were isolated from human thoracic adipose tissue.A co-culture model of adipocytes and ESCC cells was established to observe colony formation and cell survival post-irradiation.ESCC cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.Western Blot and immunofluorescence assays were performed to evaluate DNA damage in ESCC cells post-irradiation.Adipocyte-derived exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by electron microscopy.A similar set of experiments was performed on ESCC cells to analyze cell survival,apoptosis,and DNA damage post-radiation exposure.Exosomes from adipose tissue and serum exosomes from ESCC patients pre-and post-radiotherapy were subjected to high-throughput miRNA-sequencing and validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The correlation between potential target miRNAs and the short-term prognosis of radiotherapy in ESCC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS Co-culturing adipocytes with ESCC cells enhanced radioresistance,as evidenced by increased colony formation.Adipocyte co-culture reduced ESCC cell apoptosis and DNA damage post-radiation.Adipocyte-derived exosomes similarly conferred radioresistance in ESCC cells,decreasing apoptosis and DNA damage post-irradiation.Highthroughput miRNA-sequencing identified miR-660-5p in serum and adipose tissue exosomes.Patients with high expression of serum exosome miR-660-5p showed poor prognosis after radiotherapy.CONCLUSION Adipocyte-derived exosomal miR-660-5p is a potential biomarker for evaluating radiotherapy efficacy in ESCC.

Safety and effectiveness of induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a common malignancy in China,often diagnosed at an advanced stage,with poor prognosis.Standard treatments such as definitive chemoradiotherapy offer limited survival benefits.Recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have shown promise,but their effectiveness and safety in conjunction with radio-therapy for unresectable ESCC require further exploration.AIM To assess the safety and effectiveness of induction chemoimmunotherapy fo-llowed by definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)in locally advanced unresectable ESCC.METHODS This retrospective study included 80 patients with locally advanced unresectable ESCC who underwent induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy,recruited from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital.All patients received 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy plus programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor,were re-evaluated to be inoperable,then received definitive radiotherapy or CCRT.Primary endpoint was treatment safety and tolerance.SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis.Th Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.RESULTS Thirty-seven(46.3%)patients received CCRT and 43(53.7%)received radiotherapy alone.The most common treatment-related adverse events included radiation esophagitis(32/80,40.0%)and anemia(49/80,61.3%),with 22(27.5%)experiencing grade≥3 adverse events.No treatment-related deaths occurred.After median follow-up of 16.5 months,the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 14.2 months,and median overall survival(OS)was 19.9 months.The 1-year and 2-year PFS and OS were 55.8%and 31.6%,and 67.5%and 44.1%,respectively.Patients with partial response had better outcomes than those with stable disease:1-year PFS 69.4%vs 43.9%(P=0.011)and OS 83.2%vs 48.8%(P=0.007).Induction therapy effectiveness and immunotherapy maintenance were independent prognostic factors for OS.CONCLUSION Chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor followed by definitive radiotherapy or CCRT in patients with locally advanced ESCC was safe and effective.

AlignRT引导摆位流程在盆腔肿瘤放疗中的应用评估

目的:通过对比两种不同的盆腔肿瘤放疗摆位工作流程,评估光学体表引导系统AlignRT的定位准确性和可重复性,进一步探讨其替代皮肤标记线摆位的可行性。方法:选取2022年3月至2023年3月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心Infinity加速器放疗的40例盆腔肿瘤患者,其中20例采用传统的体表标记线摆位流程,另外20例采用AlignRT引导摆位流程。治疗前扫描锥形束CT(CBCT)与计划CT进行配准获得六维方向上的平移(左右LAT、头脚LNG、前后VRT)和旋转(冠状位Yaw、矢状位Pitch、横断位Roll)误差。比较两种摆位流程的CBCT配准误差、误差偏移量分布,计算计划靶区(PTV)外扩边缘,对6个维度误差、体质量指数和摆位误差之间进行相关性分析。结果:在传统标记线摆位流程中,平移和旋转误差的中位数范围分别为0.19~0.34 cm和0.50°~1.30°,最大偏移量范围分别为1.20~1.70 cm和2.00°~5.50°。在AlignRT引导摆位的工作流程中,平移和旋转误差的中位数范围为0.10~0.15 cm和0.50°~0.70°,最大偏移量范围为0.42~0.47 cm和1.80°~2.00°。此外,传统标记线摆位显示分次间误差>0.5 cm和>3°的比例分别为23.3%和9.8%。计算得到两组摆位方式在LR、SI、AP方向的PTV外扩值:AlignRT引导(0.37、0.38和0.34 cm),皮肤标记线摆位(0.67、1.22和0.95 cm)。两个摆位工作流程的6个维度的误差之间均没有发现相关性。当使用AlignRT引导摆位时,LAT、LNG和Pitch方向与体质量指数呈低度相关。结论:AlignRT引导盆腔肿瘤放疗可以减少六维平移和旋转误差,实现精准的摆位精度,治疗分次间的重复性和稳定性高,与CBCT联合使用可取代传统的皮肤标记线摆位流程。

闪光放射治疗(Flash-RT)技术的研究进展

经过多年发展,精准放射治疗技术已广泛应用,但现有技术仍受限于正常组织耐受剂量的限制,无法实现肿瘤治疗的最佳目标。闪光放射治疗(Flash-RT)是一种以超高剂量率射束(UHDR)进行照射的放射治疗技术,能够在显著降低正常组织辐射损伤的同时,最大限度地治疗肿瘤。但直到目前,Flash-RT的生物学机制、关键物理参数及触发机制等尚不明确,其原理及临床转化应用仍处于研究阶段。本综述通过归纳Flash-RT相关研究,阐明Flash-RT研究的技术进展及临床转化应用。

基于体素的分析方法比较IMRT与VMAT技术在晚期鼻咽癌患者大脑中的剂量差异

目的:定位晚期鼻咽癌患者放疗过程中大脑受照射的确切位置,分析IMRT和VMAT技术在晚期鼻咽癌患者的脑内剂量分布差异。方法:使用蒙特利尔神经学研究所空间中的CT脑模板,采用基于体素的分析方法对脑内的剂量分布进行分析。结果:对于晚期鼻咽癌患者,VMAT计划在保护脑内正常组织方面并没有表现出优势,相反,IMRT计划更加出色,IMRT计划表现出优势的区域包括脑干、小脑后叶、小脑前叶、颞叶、枕叶、边缘叶以及叶下回的部分区域。结论:对晚期鼻咽癌患者,VMAT在保护正常脑组织方面显示出劣势,提示IMRT方法对正常脑组织的保护可能更有优势。

蓝舌病新疆分离株VP7蛋白编码基因序列分析及一步法RT-PCR方法的建立

【目的】分析蓝舌病新疆分离株编码VP7蛋白S7基因保守序列,建立蓝舌病新疆分离株一步法RT-PCR方法,为新疆BTV分子流行病学调查及防控提供技术支持。【方法】采用二代测序技术获得新疆分离株S7基因序列,登陆GenBank对序列进行同源性Blast比对,用软件MEGA 5.0分析序列差异,根据蓝舌病新疆分离株编码VP7蛋白S7基因保守序列,运用软件Oligo6.0设计引物,对蓝舌病新疆分离株S7基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并验证该方法的特异性及敏感性。【结果】蓝舌病中国新疆分离株编码VP7蛋白S7基因序列与哈尔滨报道BTV分离株S7基因片段相似度较高为89.64%,与中国云南报道BTV-29型分离株、蒙古国BTV分离株S7基因片段相似度分别为87.49%和87.39%;与德国BTV分离株S7基因片段相似度为80.70%,其余均无同源性序列。中国新疆分离株S7基因片段序列与4条同源序列间存在26处核苷酸差异,9处氨基酸差异。【结论】建立的蓝舌病中国新疆分离株S7基因片段一步法RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性,仅BTV中国新疆分离株扩增获得目的条带,该方法的敏感性为4.0×10^(3)copies/mL。

地黄花叶病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立及应用

基于反转录环介导等温扩增(reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification,RT-LAMP)技术建立了针对地黄花叶病毒(Rehmannia mosaic virus,ReMV)的快速、特异、灵敏的RT-LAMP检测方法。根据ReMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因的核苷酸序列设计了3组LAMP引物,通过引物筛选确定最佳引物组合;利用电泳检测及可视化方法(加SYBR GreenⅠ显色剂)进行RT-LAMP温度优化、特异性检测、灵敏度比较。结果表明:本研究建立的RT-LAMP方法最适检测温度为60℃,优化后的LAMP方法能特异性检测ReMV,灵敏度是常规PCR的1000倍,可检测到1.2×10^(-1)拷贝/μL的模板浓度。对60份地黄样品的检测结果表明,RT-LAMP方法的阳性检出率为98.3%,高于常规RT-PCR方法(75%)。本研究建立的RT-LAMP检测技术为ReMV的准确检测提供了快速、高效的方法。

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒RT-CPA检测方法构建及初步应用

为开发一种猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)RT-CPA快速且准确的检测方法。本试验根据TGEV S基因的D序列,设计了3对引物,使用构建的重组质粒作为标准阳性对照,通过优化筛选条件并应用可视化核酸试纸条,成功建立了一种一步法TGEV RT-CPA检测方法。本实验筛选最优条件为:Mg^(2+)浓度1.0 mmol/L,dNTP浓度0.8 mmol/L,Betaine浓度1.0 mol/L,BstDNA聚合酶浓度8.0 U,反应温度63℃,反应时间60 min,AMV逆转录酶5 U。本研究的扩增产物通过凝胶电泳显示出梯形条带,证明了其对TGEV的特异性检测和重复性良好,灵敏度高达10拷贝/μL。初步应用显示,该方法与TGEV抗原快速检测试剂盒的符合率超过90%,显示了高灵敏度。TGEV RT-CPA方法免去了RNA提取和cDNA合成的步骤,能够完成一步检测,且该方法不需要特殊仪器,适用于现场快速检测TGEV,为快速诊断和防控猪传染性胃肠炎提供了新的技术选择。