Influence of dynamic factors on ice rafting

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been applied to researching the effect of wave,current and wind on the ice rafting.The analytical results show that wave is the key factor for ice fracture.The process of ice rafting is simulated using the discrete element method.The simulated results show that the distortion or flexure breakage happens firstly,then followed by ice rafting.The comprehensively analysed results show that the ice is easily rafted on the simultaneity action of wave,current and wind,and the action of wave can＇t be ignored.Moreover,the rafted ice length increases with the enhancive force of ocean current and wind.

Ice rafting history and paleoceanographic reconstructions of Core 08P23 from southern Chukchi Plateau, western Arctic Ocean since Marine Isotope Stage 3

Multiproxy investigations have been performed on Core 08P23 collected from the Chukchi Plateau, the western Arctic Ocean, during the Third Chinese National Arctic Expedition. The core was dated back to Ma-rine Isotope Stage （MIS） 3 by a combination of Accelerator Mass Spectrometric （AMS） carbon-14 dating and regional core correlation. A total of five prominent ice-rafted detritus （IRD） events were recognized in MIS 2 and MIS 3. The IRD sources in MIS 3 are originated from vast carbonate rock outcrops of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and clastic quartz in MIS 2 may have a Eurasian origin. Mostδ18O andδ13C values of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma （sinistral） （Nps） in Core 08P23 are lighter than the average values of surface sediments. The lighterδ18O andδ13C values of Nps in the two brown layers in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater events; and those in the gray layers in MIS 3 were caused by the enhanced sea ice formation. Theδ18O values varied inversely withδ13C in MIS 2 indicate that the study area was covered by thick sea ice or ice sheet with low temperature and little meltwater, which prevented the biological productivity and sea-atmosphere exchange, as well as water mass ventilation. The covaried light values ofδ18O andδ13C in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater and/or brine injection.

Controlled Synthesis of PCL/PVP Copolymer by RAFT Method and Its HydrophUic Block-Dependent MiceUar Behaviors

A range of poly（ε-caprolactone）/poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） amphiphilic block copolymers with well-defined hydrophilic chain length were synthesized by the living/controlled reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. The composition and struc- ture of the targeted resultants were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spec- troscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The various block copolymers were success- fully employed to fabricate the spherical micelle with core-shell morphological structure. The poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） block-dependent characteristics of the copolymeric micelles were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The solubilization of the hydrophobic ibuprofen as a model drug in the micelle solution was also explored. It was found that the drug loading contents are related to the micellar morphology structure determined by hydrophilic chain length in the copolymer.

基于内聚力单元法的船舶与重叠冰碰撞数值模拟研究

The gradual increase in shipping and drilling activities in the Arctic regions has resulted in the increased importance of studying the structural safety of polar ships in various ice conditions.Rafted ice refers to a type of accumulated and overlapped sea ice;it is driven by external forces,such as wind and waves,and may exert high loads on ships and threaten their structural safety.Therefore,the properties of rafted ice and the construction of numerical models should be studied before exploring the interaction and collision between ships and rafted ice.Based on the nonlinear finite-element method,this paper introduces the cohesive element model for the simulation of rafted ice.The interaction between ships and rafted ice is studied,and the ice force of the hull is obtained.Numerical simulation results are compared with model test findings,and the effectiveness of the cohesive element method in the construction of the model of rafted ice materials is verified.On this basis,a multilayer rafted ice model is constructed,and its interaction with the ship is studied.The research unveils that rafted ice parts impede crack generation and slow down crack propagation to a certain extent.

跨越地铁高层建筑桩筏基础数值模拟研究

基于某跨越地铁高层建筑的设计实践,利用ABAQUS建立剪力墙与桩筏基础和地基共同作用的三维有限元数值模型,研究了跨越地铁隧道的桩筏基础受力和变形性状,并分析了上部结构刚度、逐层施工、地铁隧道跨度、跨越地铁隧道方式等因素对其影响。结果表明,上部为剪力墙结构的高层建筑,考虑上部结构刚度作用可显著减小筏板的差异沉降和弯矩。当上部结构刚度达到一定程度后,其对筏板差异沉降和弯矩的调节能力减弱,表现出上部结构刚度贡献的有限性。随着地铁隧道跨度的增加,筏板最大沉降、差异沉降和弯矩都增大。桩筏基础以筏板对角线与地铁隧道中心线重合的方式跨越地铁隧道对筏板的内力和变形影响最小。桩顶反力数值计算结果与实测数据较为吻合。

桩筏基础相对刚度及合理板厚的确定

采用考虑相互作用的桩筏基础简化分析方法,提出了一种新的桩筏基础相对刚度表达式,分析了桩筏基础相对刚度对筏板沉降、内力、桩顶反力分布的影响,研究了相对刚度与筏板长宽比的关系,并从发挥桩的承载力角度出发提出了合理板厚确定的公式。最后,用两个实例验证了板厚公式的合理性与工程应用的可行性。

桩筏基础路基地基应力测试研究

研究目的:附加应力是路基地基沉降分析中非常重要的参数,附加应力计算方法不同,计算结果差异较大。本次研究拟通过现场测试了解桩筏基础路基地基应力分布规律。研究结论:(1)桩筏基础路基地基实际应力小于计算值是沉降计算误差产生的原因之一;(2)桩筏基础路基地基加固存在临界桩长;(3)地下水位以下土层自重应力计算采用浮容重是合理的。

渤海海冰的重叠长度分析

基于渤海海冰现场观测资料 ,分析了重叠冰的基本特征 ;综合考虑海冰重叠过程中的屈曲破坏和挤压破坏模式 ,建立了计算一维重叠冰和二维指状冰重叠长度的力学模型 ,并依此对不同冰厚条件下的海冰重叠长度进行了计算。结果表明 :海冰重叠长度主要由海冰屈曲破坏条件来决定 ;在相同冰厚条件下 ,指状冰的重叠长度约为一维重叠冰的 1 / 2左右。

两节筏式波浪能发电装置水动力性能研究

基于CFD方法对两节筏式波浪能发电装置进行数值分析,建立二维数值波浪水槽模型,验证波与物的相互作用,并与已公开的实验数据进行对比。研究装置几何尺寸比例、相对波高、波频对装置转换效率和透射系数的影响,结果表明:几何因素对转换效率影响比较明显,当筏板长度相同时,前筏尺寸较小的,转换效率更高;总筏长度增加,转换效率也在增加,在控制成本的前提下,前后对称的筏更适合投入实际生产和使用;在装置几何尺寸相同时,装置转换效率先随波频增大,在装置与波发生共振后,继续增大波频,装置转换效率会减小。而对于透射系数只有在总长度或波频增加时,系数才逐渐变小,装置前后的比例与相对波高对透射系数的大小几乎没有影响。

非均匀地基变桩长沉降控制三维有限元协同分析

为了研究非均匀地基不同区域桩长变化对桩筏基础沉降特性的影响,以某变电站桩筏基础工程为背景,采用PLAXIS 3D软件建立上部荷载-桩筏基础-非均匀地基三维有限元模型,分析了4种非等桩长设计方案下的筏板与地基沉降变形特性。结果表明:筏板沉降分布形态、最大沉降量及其出现的位置均随筏板下不同区域桩长的变化而变化。方案1和方案2的桩长随持力层顶面埋深变化而变化,桩端进入较硬的持力层,但筏板下不同区域的桩长差异较大,筏板沉降非对称分布,最大差异沉降13.70~15.13mm;方案4为等桩长,但由于土层分布不均匀,不同区域的桩侧阻力和桩端阻力发挥各异,筏板沉降亦为非对称分布,最大差异沉降仍达12.57mm;方案3各区桩长变化较小,筏板沉降分布相对较为均匀,其最大沉降量和差异沉降相比方案1分别降低22.8%和37.5%,说明此时桩长与土层分布相协调,沉降控制效果较好。

平板式筏基边柱柱下冲切设计验算探讨

在规范GB 50007—2011基本规定的基础上,对平板式筏基边柱柱下冲切进行了设计验算,分析了不同悬挑长度下筏板中的剪应力数据,指出随着筏板外侧悬挑长度的不同,筏板中的冲切剪应力变化明显,为平板式筏基边柱柱下冲切设计验算提供借鉴。

筏基大体积混凝土的裂缝控制

结合工程实例,通过混凝土温度的计算,提出了保温保湿的筏基表面裂缝的防治措施,介绍了筏基整浇长度的计算方法,阐述了筏基混凝土的综合施工技术,以控制裂缝,确保筏基结构的工程质量。

变桩长桩筏基础优化设计数值模拟分析

应用大型有限元数值分析软件,以现场模型试验为依据,在基本假定的条件下,建立数值分析模型。通过调整桩筏基础中桩长的参数,研究了阀板沉降、桩顶反力、地基土反力随桩长的变化情况。随着桩长的增加,核心筒中心位置的减沉效果明显,桩顶反力减小量的变化速率减小;筏板中心区地基土反力逐渐增加,而筏板板边和筏板角部位置地基土反力逐渐减小。从而证明了筏板荷载由桩土共同作用承担的结论。

宁波地区某超400米超高层项目结构设计之软土地基桩基基础方案优化比选

以一个宁波地区某超400米的超高层项目为例,通过理论、试验、建立模型、数据分析、工程造价对比等方法,对基础设计中,合理选择桩基持力层、桩长、桩径、桩后注浆施工工艺、单桩承载力、桩基配筋率、桩距布置形式、筏板厚度,进行了深入的研究。

Toy model that explains the regulation of cholesterol on lipid rafts

Cholesterol,as a common lipid on mammalian cell membranes,plays an important role in the formation of lipid rafts.Recent experiments suggest that the strength of cholesterol's regulation on lipid rafts can be affected by the length of the unsaturated phospholipid acyl chain on the membrane.In order to understand this observation,a simplified toy model containing three different molecules is proposed in this paper,where the tail length of phospholipids is considered.This model shows the regulation of membrane cholesterol on the phase separation of the lipid mixture and the formation of nano-domains,and also suggests that the configuration entropy of phospholipid tails is an essential factor.

高新NEWORLD 3~#超高层办公楼桩筏基础设计

西安高新NEWORLD的3^#办公楼为8度区超B级高度的超高层结构,采用普通混凝土框架-核心筒结构体系,结构高度169.7m,建筑高度190.95m,其东西两侧与1跨3层的裙房连为一体,采用钻孔灌注桩桩筏基础。在基础设计中,采用变刚度调平设计对桩筏进行优化,通过不同桩径桩基成本控制比较,选择合理的布桩平面和筏板厚度,同时根据试桩结果优化桩长;对主楼采用钻孔灌注桩的桩基,裙房和纯地下室采用天然地基,根据外力特点和预期的差异沉降,选择裙房和纯地下室合理的筏板厚度;同时分析主楼灌注桩桩底、桩侧后注浆对桩基承载力的影响。为控制主楼与裙房的差异沉降,在主楼与裙房之间设置沉降后浇带。通过计算设置后浇带前后的差异沉降并加以对比分析,可以有效控制主楼自身及主楼与裙房的差异沉降,改善了筏板的内力并降低了上部结构的次内力,从而减少了桩基础工程量与筏板材料的消耗。