Cascading Delays for the High-Speed Rail Network Under Different Emergencies:A Double Layer Network Approach

High-speed rail(HSR) has formed a networked operational scale in China. Any internal or external disturbance may deviate trains’ operation from the planned schedules, resulting in primary delays or even cascading delays on a network scale. Studying the delay propagation mechanism could help to improve the timetable resilience in the planning stage and realize cooperative rescheduling for dispatchers. To quickly and effectively predict the spatial-temporal range of cascading delays, this paper proposes a max-plus algebra based delay propagation model considering trains’ operation strategy and the systems’ constraints. A double-layer network based breadth-first search algorithm based on the constraint network and the timetable network is further proposed to solve the delay propagation process for different kinds of emergencies. The proposed model could deal with the delay propagation problem when emergencies occur in sections or stations and is suitable for static emergencies and dynamic emergencies. Case studies show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the large-scale HSR network. Moreover, the real operational data of China HSR is adopted to verify the proposed model, and the results show that the cascading delays can be timely and accurately inferred, and the delay propagation characteristics under three kinds of emergencies are unfolded.

Evaluation and optimization analysis of high-speed rail network structure in Northeast China under the background of northeast revitalization

The construction of high-speed rail(HSR)network has promoted the social-economic ties of cities,accelerated the compression of time and space,and changed the pattern of regional development.In this paper,with the adoption of the operation frequency data of HSR from 12306 website,and based on the HSR connection strength model and social network analysis model,as well as according to the HSR connection strength,HSR network density,centrality,agglomeration subgroup,and other indicators,we analyzed the characteristics of HSR network structure in Northeast China.Results show that the number of HSR cities in Northeast China is small,cities in HSR network generally exhibit weak connectivity,and the existence of HSR network marginalizes cities such as Ulanhot,Baicheng,and Songyuan,which significantly reduce the overall network connectivity of Northeast China.The overall centrality of HSR network in Northeast China is characterized by“one axis,four edges”;specifically,the one axis is located in Harbin-Dalian transportation line and the four edges are located on both sides of the main axis of Harbin-Dalian transportation line.Eight agglomeration subgroups(four double city subgroups and four multi city subgroups)have formed in Northeast China.The core status of Shenyang in HSR network is improved significantly,and“one axis and two wings”HSR network in Liaoning Province is improved significantly.With the gradual expansion of Chaoyang-Fuxin,Dandong-Benxi,and Jilin-Yanji branch networks,the“point axis”HSR network mode in Northeast China has gradually developed and matured.In the future,it is recommended to rely on eight agglomerating subgroups to encrypt HSR network structure,create secondary node central cities,and gradually build a new pattern of opening up in Northeast China.

Analysis of Dual-Core Type City and Its Hinterland Contact Pattern under the Background of High-Speed Rail Networking—Urban Agglomeration in Zhejiang Province as an Example

Under the background of high-speed rail networking, this paper uses the passenger trains, the type and direction of the railway via Hang Yong and its extension road line, to construct adsorption and dependency index among cities, depict the contact pattern between the Hang Yong dual-core and its hinterland, measure the “net effect” that two center cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo) have on their hinterland, and estimate population agglomeration potential and future possible population flows of Zhejiang Province and the main sample cities. The result shows that, compared with Ningbo, Hangzhou has stronger radiation force to the vast majority of sample cities, and the sample cities affected more by Ningbo mainly concentrates in Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou along;in addition, the sample cities such as Hangzhou, Ningbo and so on show better population agglomeration, then the population “scramble” phenomenon between cities has begun to appear.

A simulation model for estimating train and passenger delays in large-scale rail transit networks

A simulation model was proposed to investigate the relationship between train delays and passenger delays and to predict the dynamic passenger distribution in a large-scale rail transit network.It was assumed that the time varying original-destination demand and passenger path choice probability were given.Passengers were assumed not to change their destinations and travel paths after delay occurs.Capacity constraints of train and queue rules of alighting and boarding were taken into account.By using the time-driven simulation,the states of passengers,trains and other facilities in the network were updated every time step.The proposed methodology was also tested in a real network,for demonstration.The results reveal that short train delay does not necessarily result in passenger delays,while,on the contrary,some passengers may get benefits from the short delay.However,large initial train delay may result in not only knock-on train and passenger delays along the same line,but also the passenger delays across the entire rail transit network.

Importance Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Network Station Based on Passenger

Current urban rail transit has become a major mode of transportation, and passenger is an important factor of urban rail transport, so this article is based on passenger and the degree of the road network structure, calculating the point intensity of stations of urban rail transit, and then reaching a station importance by integrating many point intensities in a survey cycle time, and getting the station importance of urban rail transit network through concrete examples.

A Control Simulation Method of High-Speed Trains on Railway Network with Irregular Influence

Based on the discrete time method,an effective movement control model is designed for a group of highspeedtrains on a rail network.The purpose of the model is to investigate the specific traffic characteristics of high-speedtrains under the interruption of stochastic irregular events.In the model,the high-speed rail traffic system is supposedto be equipped with the moving-block signalling system to guarantee maximum traversing capacity of the railway.Tokeep the safety of trains’ movements,some operational strategies are proposed to control the movements of trains inthe model,including traction operation,braking operation,and entering-station operation.The numerical simulationsshow that the designed model can well describe the movements of high-speed trains on the rail network.The researchresults can provide the useful information not only for investigating the propagation features of relevant delays underthe irregular disturbance but also for rerouting and rescheduling trains on the rail network.

Rational scale of urban rail transit network based on system dynamics

Urban rail transit(URT) has been playing an important role in urban sustainable development with its advantages of high speed,large capacity,high efficiency and low pollution.Estimating URT network scale is the key to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of its construction.The existing studies on rational scale of URT network have not dealt with the interaction of supply and demand.This paper describes the establishment of a system dynamics model of rational URT network scale determination,considering the interaction between URT construction and city social economic development as well as the dynamic equilibrium of capital supply and traffic demand,and the verification of the model validity by applying it to the case of Wuhan City's URT construction.

Preliminary Study on Selling Tickets in Reason for Last Trains on Beijing Rail Transit Network

With the increase of Beijing urban rail transport network, the structure of the road network is becoming more complex, and passengers have more travel options. Together with the complex paths and different timetables, taking the last train is becoming much more difficult and unsuccessful. To avoid losses, we propose feasible suggestions to the last train with reasonable selling tickets system.

2023年世界城市轨道交通运营统计与分析综述

参考国际上较为通用的统计标准,将城市轨道交通分为地铁、轻轨和有轨电车三大类,对世界城轨交通运营现状进行统计。分析表明:截至2023年底,全球有79个国家和地区的563座城市开通了城市轨道交通系统,总里程超过43400.40 km,其中地铁、轻轨、有轨电车分别占50.07%、10.69%和39.24%;中国(含港澳台)累计有66座城市开通运营轨道交通,运营里程达11900.29 km,其中中国内地运营里程11232.65 km。2022年,全球59个国家的183座城市地铁累计运送乘客586.52亿人次,平均负荷强度0.81万人次/(km·d),其中中国(含港澳台)地铁年客流量为212.51亿人次。我国城市轨道交通持续稳步发展,线网规模和客流规模继续居全球第一。统计国务院52号文件发布后的中国轨道交通的线网规模数据,预测低运量城市轨道交通系统将在中国内地有较好的发展前景,特别是中西部地区,以促进城市绿色、可持续发展。同时,根据疫情前后全球主要国家(地区)和城市的客流数据,预计中国内地客流量将在2024—2025年恢复至疫情前水平。

Detection and Diagnosis of Urban Rail Vehicle Auxiliary Inverter Using Wavelet Packet and RBF Neural Network

This study concerns with fault diagnosis of urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter using wavelet packet and RBF neural network. Four statistical features are selected: standard voltage signal, voltage fluctuation signal, impulsive transient signal and frequency variation signal. In this article, the original signals are decomposed into different frequency subbands by wavelet packet. Next, an automatic feature extraction algorithm is constructed. Finally, those wavelet packet energy eigenvectors are taken as fault samples to train RBF neural network. The result shows that the RBF neural network is effective in the detection and diagnosis of various urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter faults.

5G高铁专网覆盖综合解决方案研究和应用

5G高铁覆盖面临着资源占时短、瞬时容量高、车体损耗大、移动速度快、基站交替快和远近兼顾难等多重挑战。本文针对5G高铁专网的覆盖方案、容量方案、公专网频率协同方案、主设备与天线选型方案、优化创新方案五大关键点开展了对比论证和深入研究,并应用于某高铁规划建设优化实践中,提升了高铁客户的感知,满足了“5G高铁上车”过渡期的高铁场景5G覆盖需求,为后续高铁覆盖项目的应用推广提供了重要的参考。

基于数据融合的城市轨道交通大客流预警研究

为了降低因节假日或突发时间导致的客流拥堵,促进客运部门快速应对客流波动,提出了一种基于数据融合的城市轨道交通大客流预警方法。通过对客流参数预测信息进行融合,获得符合实际客流瓶颈点的参数信息,以完成轨道交通大客流预警。提出的方法利用动态贝叶斯网络,实现了历史数据与运输服务信息的融合。以城市假期期间五条线路每日客流量为例,通过对比实验验证了提出方法的有效性与准确性。

考虑站点耦合关系的大型城市轨道交通网络级联失效分析

为了解析站点分布密集的大型城市轨道交通网络级联失效传播机理,提出改进的耦合映射格子模型.该模型结合大型城市轨道交通网络站点分布密集特征,量化耦合站点间客流演化及耦合站点抵抗力.为了衡量级联失效在大型城市轨道交通网络中的传播过程与结果,提出失效站点数量比与网络效率比指标.以上海市城市轨道交通网络为例,验证该模型的可行性.结果表明:当节点度高或进站客流量大的站点失效后,耦合站点间的级联失效规模是邻接站点间的约2倍,且由于耦合站点间的级联失效的影响,介数中心性大的站点失效所引起的级联失效传播速度最快.在考虑耦合站点间级联失效时,客流对大型城市轨道交通网络级联失效的作用力是拓扑结构的约9倍.研究结论可以为城市轨道交通网络的规划设计与事故管控提供科学的建议.

轨道站网络中心性、客流与空间热力耦合分析

城市空间热力反映了人口聚集与街道活力。为探究城市轨道交通与空间热力分布的互动关系,从微观层面的轨道站点切入,采用百度热力图和轨道站点客流数据,以上海为例,对轨道站点的网络中心性、客流与站域空间热力进行耦合分析。首先采用Pearson双变量相关性研究两类轨道站点属性与空间热力的总体耦合关系,然后引入双变量空间自相关和地理加权回归分析方法分别挖掘网络中心性与站域热力、站域热力与站点客流的空间关联模式,并对比两类耦合性的空间差异。结果表明:轨道站点的网络中心性与空间热力的耦合性明显优于轨道客流与空间热力的耦合性,交通区位优势通常能够形成较高的空间热力,客流水平的影响因素则更为复杂;空间热力更适合量化核心区以外区域的轨道交通与城市空间互动关系,轨道交通网络化对空间热力提升具有乘数效应,而在开发密度低的区域提升空间热力更有助于刺激轨道客流;利用空间热力数据评估城市核心区以外区域的新建站点客流潜力具有可行性,但仅用热力预测客流具有局限性;轨道站点周边城市更新可参考不同空间区位站点的两类耦合性差异进行优化。该研究探索了结合城市空间热力分布完善轨道交通线网布局、针对不耦合因素优化轨道站点公共交通导向型开发(TOD)的分析框架,为微观层面衡量城市轨道交通“人-地”关系提供了新视角。

北京市轨道交通线网规划探索与实践

作为超大城市的北京市进入新发展阶段,面临新发展要求,其轨道交通线网规划也需要进行适应性转变。为充分发挥轨道交通线网规划对于北京城市高质量发展的服务和引领作用,文章针对北京市轨道交通线网规划所面临的主要问题和新发展要求,在分析和总结轨道交通线网在规划对象、手段和范畴方面转型特征的基础上,从服务首都、城市协同、多网融合、精细服务、创新实施5方面探索北京市轨道交通线网规划新理念,并据此有针对性地提出相关实践建议,以期为进一步优化完善北京市轨道交通线网规划工作、推动轨道交通与城市的高质量融合发展提供参考和借鉴。

多源车载数据驱动的地铁轨道不平顺智能识别方法

针对轨道不平顺检测成本高与时效性低等不足,从车辆动态响应与轨道不平顺之间的相关性为切入点,提出一种多源车载数据驱动的轨道不平顺智能识别方法。首先,建立地铁车辆系统动力学模型,获取车辆振动与运动姿态响应数据;其次,通过相关性分析算法,选取强相关性数据,制作网络模型数据集;最后,建立卷积神经网络-长短期记忆网络(CNN-LSTM),通过粒子群算法优化(PSO)神经网络模型参数,建立PSO-CNN-LSTM模型,实现对轨道不平顺的识别拟合。研究结果表明:在车辆动态响应信号中,与横向信号与轨道不平顺之间的相关性相比,垂向信号的更强,同时,车体的运动姿态如车体点头角速度与不平顺有明显的相关性。所提出的PSO-CNN-LSTM模型轨道垂向与横向不平顺识别拟合度分别达0.92和0.76。与经典的全连接神经网络FCNN和支持向量机SVR相比,PSO-CNN-LSTM有更好的识别效果与时效性。

高铁建设是否缩小了区域创新差距?——基于多期差分法和社会网络分析

基于我国2005-2019年的城市面板数据,从高铁开通和高铁网络两个视角,实证检验高铁建设对区域创新差距的影响。结果显示,高铁开通对区域创新差距具有显著的缩小效应。区域异质性分析发现,高铁开通对区域创新差距的缩小效应对西部地区的作用更大,且在二线以上城市更为明显;机制分析表明,人力资本和物质资本是高铁建设影响区域创新差距的中介路径,且后者的作用更大;社会网络分析则认为,城市在高铁网络中的联系广度和中心性越高,高铁对区域创新差距的缩小效应越强。基于此,文章从优化高铁网络配置、改善要素流动机制和制定区域创新发展策略三方面提出了相应的政策建议。

宽带多媒体数字集群轨道专网通信方法研究

宽带多媒体数字集群方法能够接收更多的数据量,是满足现代轨道交通通信需求的关键方法之一,为此文章提出宽带多媒体数字集群轨道专网通信方法研究。通过精确分配传输路径上的数据量,优化通信效率。为确保轨道专网通信数据的安全性,采用先进的加密技术,构建数据安全同态加密协议,成功得到轨道专网通信数据加密结果。设计轨道专网低时延通信流程,实现轨道专网低时延通信。实验结果表明,该方法在通信过程中接收数据量较多,通信效果较好,更适合实际应用。

高铁场景下意图驱动的网络智能运营研究

随着4G/5G网络的深入应用,高铁移动网络的用网体验成为人们持续关注的焦点。对高铁场景下意图驱动的网络智能运营进行了研究。充分利用大数据和AI技术等新质生产力技术,采用高铁车体移动指纹分析、切换序列判定等算法精准识别高铁用户,采用时序覆盖特征分析、频繁项挖掘算法等技术准确识别高铁路网覆盖情况,并以此为基础构建出高铁质差用户和小区的“评估-定位-闭环处理-效果验证”端到端闭环处理流程。

Modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm for urban rail transit under network operation

Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail transit(URT) under network operation. In order to describe the congestion's impact to passengers' route choices, a generalized cost function with in-vehicle congestion was set up. Building on the k-th shortest path algorithm, a method for generating choice set with time constraint was embedded, considering the characteristics of network operation. A simple but efficient route choice model, which was derived from travel surveys for URT passengers in China, was introduced to perform the stochastic network loading at each iteration in the algorithm. Initial tests on the URT network in Shanghai City show that the methodology, with rational calculation time, promises to compute more precisely the passenger flow distribution of URT under network operation, compared with those practical algorithms used in today's China.