Corrosion Test of the Steel Plate in a WJ-8 Fastener for High Speed Rail

It was found that the steel plate in the composite plate in the WJ-8 fastener used in high speed rail is rusty. The objective of this study is to test the zinc coating of the steel plate. A literature review was conducted to identify the zinc coating techniques, and the companies that can provide different coating service was identified. A salt fog chamber was built that was in compliance with the ANSI B117 code, and the steel plates that were coated by the identified companies were tested using the salt fog chamber. The results indicated that the coating technique that had the best performance in preventing corrosion was the Greenkote plates with passivation. The galvanized option had the roughest coating layer, and it was the most reactive in the salt water solution. This makes it non-ideal for the dynamic rail environment because the increased friction of the plate could damage the supports, especially during extreme temperatures that would cause the rail to expand or contract. Greenkote with Phosphate and ArmorGalv also provided increased corrosion prevention with a smooth, strong finish, but it had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote with ELU passivation. The ArmorGalv sample had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote samples. This may not be a weakness in the ArmorGalv process;rather, it likely was the result of this particular sample not having the added protection of a colored coating.

A dynamic simulation of the wheel–rail impact caused by a wheel flat using a 3D rolling contact model

A three-dimensional （3-D） wheel-rail rolling contact model with a wheel fiat was built using commercial software Hypermesh, and the dynamic finite element simulation was conducted using LS-DYNA 3D/explicit code. Influences of the train speed, flat length and axle load on the vertical wheel-rail impact response were discussed, respectively. The results show that the maximum vertical wheel-rail impact force induced by the wheel flat is higher than that generated by the perfect wheel, and these two dynamic impact forces are much greater than the static axle load. Besides, the maximum von Mises equivalent stress and maximum equivalent plastic strain are observed on the wheel-rail contact surface, and both of them as well as the maximum wheel-rail impact force are sensitive to train speed, fiat length and axle load.

Analysis of torque transmitting behavior and wheel slip prevention control during regenerative braking for high speed EMU trains

The wheel-rail adhesion control for regenerative braking systems of high speed electric multiple unit trains is crucial to maintaining the stability,improving the adhesion utilization,and achieving deep energy recovery.There remain technical challenges mainly because of the nonlinear,uncertain,and varying features of wheel-rail contact conditions.This research analyzes the torque transmitting behavior during regenerative braking,and proposes a novel methodology to detect the wheel-rail adhesion stability.Then,applications to the wheel slip prevention during braking are investigated,and the optimal slip ratio control scheme is proposed,which is based on a novel optimal reference generation of the slip ratio and a robust sliding mode control.The proposed methodology achieves the optimal braking performancewithoutthewheel-railcontactinformation.Numerical simulation results for uncertain slippery rails verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Minimum Curve Radii for High-Speed Trains, Including the Gyroscopic Moments of the Wheels

This paper studies the title problem including an analysis of the gyroscopic effects of the wheels of a rail-car travelling at high-speed around a level, horizontal curve. The analysis is based upon the fundamental principles of dynamics. The result is a design formula for the minimum curve radius needed to prevent derailment. Aside from the rail car geometric and physical properties, the minimum curve radius depends upon the square the train speed. An illustrative example shows that the wheel gyroscopic effect is destabilizing and additive to the centrifugal force derailment tendency. From a track design perspective, however, the gyroscopic effect is relatively small compared with the centrifugal force effect.

Dynamic Response Analysis of High-Speed Train Gearbox Housing Based on Equivalent Acceleration Amplitude Method

Gearbox, as the crucial transmission equipment of high-speed train drive system, bears mainly the impact of wheel-rail excitation during its application, resulting in fatigue failure of the housing structure. In order to analyze the vibration characteristics of the high-speed train gearbox housing, a test had been performed under operating condition on Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, where a host of vibration characteristics of different parts of housing had been obtained, and vibration signals had also been comparatively analyzed using acceleration amplitude spectrum and equivalent acceleration amplitude method. The result showed that the vibration level of the measuring point A on the joint part of the gearbox housing and axle bearing block was higher than that of the measuring point B on the upper part of the gearbox housing, both horizontally and vertically. And there existed attenuation during the transmission process of vibration from point A to Point B. Further, when a train was moving at a high speed, the gearbox vibration at the head carriage was better than that at the tail carriage. In addition, when a train slowed down from 300 km/h to 200 km/h, the horizontal equivalent acceleration amplitude dropped by 58% while the vertical one declined by 62%. Equivalent acceleration amplitude method was used to identify the vibration relations among different parts of housing, and the validity and applicability of this method were verified by data analysis. The study provided reference to ensure the operating safety of high-speed train drive system and design of new housing structure.

Rail temperature rise characteristics caused by linear eddy current brake of high-speed train

The rail temperature rises when the linear eddy current brake of high-speed train is working, which may lead to a change of rail physical characteristics or an effect on train operations. Therefore, a study concerning the characteristics of rail temperature rise caused by eddy current has its practical necessity. In the research, the working principle of a linear eddy current brake is introduced and its FEA model is established. According to the generation mechanism of eddy current, the theoretical formula of the internal energy which is produced by the eddy current is deduced and the thermal load on the rail is obtained. ANSYS is used to simulate the rail temperature changes under different conditions of thermal loads. The research result shows the main factors which contribute to the rising of rail temperature are the train speed, brake gap and exciting current. The rail temperature rises non-linearly with the in- crease of train speed. The rail temperature rise curve is more sensitive to the exciting current than the air gap. Moreover, the difference stimulated by temperature rising between rails of 60 kg/m and 75 kg/m is presented as well.

高速铁路主跨320 m钢-混部分斜拉桥无砟轨道适应性研究

南玉高铁六景郁江特大桥设计将钢-混部分斜拉桥结构引入时速350 km高速铁路领域,而300 m级以上大跨度桥上无砟轨道的竖向变形极易超限,影响列车通过的安全性和舒适性,因此,系统研究在此大跨桥梁结构上铺设无砟轨道的适应性十分必要。通过建立有限元及动力学模型,分析不同组合工况下无砟轨道结构的变形特点及动力特性,运用60 m弦测法探究各工况下无砟轨道的线形变化规律,从而确定大跨度钢-混部分斜拉桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,并对设计和施工提出合理化建议。主要结论如下:在各种不利组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道结构强度满足规范要求,列车通过大桥的各项安全性与舒适性指标均满足规范要求;混凝土收缩徐变和斜拉索升降温是影响无砟轨道线形标准的两大主因,应在无砟轨道施工前确保足够的沉降观测期和收缩徐变释放期,并充分考虑拉索的保温设计;在温度组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道的60 m弦测不平顺幅值为6.79 mm,满足高速铁路静态验收标准;但在叠加列车荷载和收缩徐变后,变形弦测值均出现Ⅱ级及以上超限,通过合理设置预拱度后可有效改善轨道平顺性标准。

高铁气动荷载作用下隧道衬砌开裂体动力响应分析

根据高速铁路隧道衬砌壁面气动荷载特性,在理论分析及模型试验基础上,采用数值模拟对列车风作用下衬砌开裂体固有频率和动力响应进行研究,分析了衬砌开裂体尺寸和气动荷载加载频率及峰值的影响,对气动荷载作用下衬砌裂损处的安全性进行辨识.结果表明:开裂体固有频率与自身厚度之间存在线性关系,并随其长度增加而快速降低,下降幅度最高可达70.29%;开裂体位移响应随外荷载峰值增加而增加,且与荷载加载周期数正相关.外荷载频率接近结构固有频率时,结构的位移和速度均显著增加.当荷载频率为1和5 Hz时,开裂体悬臂端位移峰值分别为荷载频率3 Hz时的10.75%和13.62%.

面向列车运行图的高速列车能耗计算方法研究

针对列车运行图中高速列车的能耗计量问题,提出了基于牵引电算法和Davis模型相结合的改进高速列车能耗计算方法。首先分析了运行图要素对高速列车能耗的影响机制,其次比选既有列车运行图的高速列车能耗计算方法,考虑牵引能耗和自用能耗,结合列车时刻表构建高速列车停站与区间恒速运行能耗计算模型,最后设计算例进行验证。结果表明:研究所提方法拥有便捷的测算能力,所测算一站直达、停1站、停3站及站站停的高速列车总运行能耗占比分别能达到牵引电算法的52.14%,55.85%,64.18%,75.87%,且不同运行方案间列车能耗相对关系能够保持高度一致性,对估算运行图中的高速列车运行能耗具有良好的适用性。

高速列车过绝缘节轮轨间拉弧机理分析及抑制

随着高速铁路运营密度、运行速度和牵引功率的不断提升,车辆移动回流系统与轨道固定回流系统耦合复杂造成过绝缘节时绝缘节间拉弧频发,电弧侵蚀绝缘节,导致轨道电路串接、串码等故障,严重威胁行车安全。围绕高速列车过钢轨绝缘节时车轨间回流耦合引起的绝缘节间拉弧问题开展研究,解析轮对接近、跨接、驶离绝缘节时回流途径拓扑结构及阻抗的动态变化过程,基于牵引系统的实采阻抗参数构建“车-轨”移动接地系统三维等效电路模型,解析列车各轮对滚动过绝缘节各接地轮轴回流路径及大小的动态变化规律。基于系统实际结构参数构建“转向架-钢轨”3D多物理场耦合模型,揭示回流耦合作用下的轮轨燃弧动态演化规律,探明接地电流、钢轨端压等因素对绝缘节间拉弧的影响机制。同时提出一种新型绝缘节间拉弧抑制装置,仿真分析抑制效果。

高速列车移动接地回流系统研究综述

列车移动接地系统通过接地轮对与钢轨间的滚动电接触实现电能的泄放。其中,车载接地系统可分为工作接地与保护接地两种方式。但由于工作接地轮对与保护接地轮对共用钢轨并将其作为泄流渠道,通过工作接地泄放至钢轨的电流易通过周边的保护接地轮对再次回窜至铝合金车体上,从而在车-轨间形成环流,长期存在车-轨环流将导致牵引电机轴承、齿轮箱齿轮电蚀,抬高车体电位,严重影响列车上搭载的乘客与设备的安全。伴随着高速铁路运行速度及牵引功率不断提升,列车牵引电流的不断增加,将导致车-轨环流现象越加严重,亟需对车-轨环流的产生机制、影响因素及抑制措施开展研究。首先调研车-轨环流造成的相关事故,并梳理产生车-轨环流的根本原因。通过调研目前已构建的移动接地系统仿真模型,探究车-轨环流机理与接地回流的动态变化特性,并收集目前已提出的车-轨环流的抑制措施,提出解决问题的思路。

升力翼高速列车曲线通过时的轮轨黏着性能研究

建立考虑轮轨关系、升力翼及流场耦合特性等因素的车辆系统动力学模型,分析升力翼高速列车曲线通过时的运动姿态和轮轨接触特性响应,研究列车在曲线轨道运行的轮轨黏着性能,探讨轨道不平顺、曲线半径、运行速度及轮轨接触条件对轮轨黏着性能的影响。研究结果表明:气动升力通过改变列车运行动态响应和轮轨接触特性导致内、外侧轮轨垂向力和纵向蠕滑力重新分配,促使内侧轮更易失去黏着;气动升力和运行速度的增大均会劣化轮轨黏着性能,但曲线半径的增大将显著提升轮轨黏着水平;轨道不平顺削弱了轮轨黏着性能,干态、湿态、油态条件下的轮轨黏着性能依次恶化。列车牵引运行时,干态、湿态、油态条件下的轮轨均能满足牵引力安全限值要求,但制动运行时,湿态和油态条件下的轮轨均不能满足制动力安全限值要求。研究结果可为超高速列车的安全运行与节能设计提供技术支持。

400 km/h高速轮轨噪声特性及轮轨声源贡献量研究

为了研究400 km/h高速轮轨噪声特性,基于傅里叶级数方法和2.5维边界元方法,建立轮轨滚动噪声预测模型,分析轮对与轨道的声辐射特性。利用轮轨滚动噪声预测模型,对轮轨短波不平顺在不同波深和波长特征下的噪声响应,以及扣件参数对轮轨噪声的影响进行研究。结果表明,随着短波不平顺波深增大,轮轨横向力、垂向力分别呈非线性增大0.7、62.7 kN;短波不平顺波长在31.5~500.0 mm时,轮轨横向力、垂向力受影响较小;短波不平顺波深增大1 dB,轮对、轨道和轮轨系统总声功率级呈线性增大约1 dB(A);随着短波不平顺波长减小,轮对声功率增大,轨道声功率先增大后减小;随着扣件垂向刚度增大,轮对、轨道、轮轨系统总声功率级分别减小0.1、1.1、1.0 dB(A);随着扣件垂向损失因子增大,轮对、轨道、轮轨系统总声功率级分别减小0.7、4.4、4.1 dB(A);扣件的横向刚度和横向损失因子对轮轨系统总声功率级无显著影响。

考虑高铁平行通道分工的列车开行方案优化

结合通道内及跨区域旅客运输需求,考虑城市内部旅客出行成本,构造旅客出行服务网络,以通道内列车开行成本和旅客总出行成本最小化为目标函数,构建了基于平行通道分工的列车开行方案优化模型。以济青通道内胶济客运专线和济青高速铁路构成的平行通道为案例,验证模型的有效性。结果表明,平行通道的合理分工可以降低出行系统总成本,同时更好满足旅客出行需求。

基于气动噪声数值分析的高速列车等效通过噪声预测

在列车外形设计阶段,工程上通常采用列车通过噪声评估线路噪声以指导气动外形设计。实车试验测量通过噪声成本高且条件苛刻,本文通过数值模拟分析了高速列车气动噪声特性,并利用运动声源延迟模型预测了列车等效通过噪声,为车外气动噪声评估以及列车外形设计提供理论与技术支撑。为了精确捕捉列车表面流体扰动,因为列车气动噪声计算网格量较大,因此建立高速列车三车网格模型以简化计算。高速列车气动噪声特性分析使用流体仿真软件ANSYS FLUENT,基于稳态的湍流模型以及大涡模拟的数值分析模型,并通过Ffowcs Williams-Hawkins(FW-H)方程得到车外沿线标准点辐射气动噪声;随后,根据运动声源延迟时间模型,建立列车等效通过噪声换算模型,将频域下各标准点的列车辐射噪声转换为时域等效通过噪声。通过声源叠加进一步预测列车不同编组的通过噪声水平,可以观察到编组数量增加会提高噪声水平;为了全面评估列车运行时通过噪声水平,在气动激励的基础上叠加轮轨噪声激励,以最大A声级(L_(Amax))、声暴露级(SEL)和短时等效连续声压级(L_(Aeq,T))表示通过噪声水平,结果表明轮轨噪声对通过噪声水平影响显著。高速列车数值模拟气动辐射噪声转化为通过噪声的预测模型可以初步评估高速列车运行时的线路噪声水平,为优化列车外形提供指导,从而降低列车噪声水平。

基于二元语义灰色关联分析法的高铁快运列车运输服务质量评价研究

准确评价高铁快运列车运输服务质量水平,对加快铁路现代物流体系建设、促进高铁快运业务发展具有重要意义。从时效性、可靠性、便捷性、移情性、经济性等维度构建高铁快运列车运输服务质量评价指标体系,利用二元语义方法处理专家多粒度语言值,构建基于二元语义灰色关联分析法的评价模型,该方法能够有效避免专家评价语义的不确定性,具有样本数据需求量少、直观性强等优点,最后以成都双流西站至昆明洛羊镇站间整列高铁快运列车开行为案例,开展高铁快运列车运输服务质量评价研究。研究结果表明:高铁快运列车运输服务质量为非常满意等级L4,并对各项指标的满意度进行优劣排序,实例验证了高铁快运列车运输服务质量评价指标体系和评价方法的有效性和实用性。

高铁列车集便器废水的同步除碳脱氮处理研究

随着铁路行业的快速发展,集便器废水处理成为近来相关部门比较关注的问题。为探究集便器废水经济高效的处理方法,研究采用短程硝化反硝化工艺+多级AO+固定生物膜活性污泥(IFAS)工艺处理实际的高铁集便器废水,评价其同步除碳脱氮的效果,验证该工艺的可行性。通过控制曝气池内的DO控制硝化反应进行至NO2--N阶段,然后在厌氧阶段将NO2--N转化为N2,实现脱氮。反应器NH4^(+)-N、TN、COD的去除率分别达到95%、90%和70%,TN负荷达到0.64 kg·N/m^(3)·d^(-1)。出水COD浓度低于400 mg/L,出水NH4^(+)-N浓度低于50 mg/L,TN浓度低于70 mg/L,达到了GB/T 31962—2015《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》。短程硝化池中微生物群落分析表明,短程硝化优势菌为Nitrosomonas,在悬浮污泥和填料架占比分别为3.73%和5.88%。与传统活性污泥法相比,短程硝化反硝化工艺节省了25%的曝气能耗和45%的碳源消耗,多级AO的设计让脱碳除氮更加完全,提高出水水质,活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合,大大增加微生物的量,加快反应速率,可以节省污水处理构筑物的占地面积。从经济以及脱氮效率方面,短程硝化反硝化工艺有望成为集便器废水处理的主要工艺。相比于传统混凝土构筑物,一体化污水处理设备更适合集便器废水。

轮轨耦合激励下高速列车齿轮箱体振动特性

【目的】探究车轮多边形与钢轨波磨耦合激励下高速列车齿轮箱体振动特性。【方法】建立轮对、齿轮箱体和轨道均为柔性体的刚柔耦合动力学模型,在齿轮箱体布置3个振动加速度传感器,对不同工况开展动力学仿真,分析齿轮箱体各测点的振动加速度。【结果】在轮轨耦合激励下,同一车速下,车轮多边形为23阶,波幅为0.010 mm时各测点振动加速度均方根值最大,在3个测点中车轮多边形对测点B的影响最大;在钢轨波磨激励下,测点B受到牵引电机谐波转矩与齿轮副啮合的共同作用在3测点中振动加速度均方根值最大,测点A、C的振动加速度均方根值随波幅的增大而增大;对比含武广谱的轮轨耦合激励,由轮轨激扰引发的振动频率与齿轮箱体第5阶固有频率接近,诱发共振。【结论】列车变速运行或改变齿轮箱结构可避免共振。

基于高速动车组实测轮轨力的轨道缺陷评价方法

高速铁路轨面低塌、波磨以及各类轮轨型面匹配不良问题均会影响旅客乘坐舒适度,甚至威胁动车组运行安全。上述轨道缺陷在实践运用中不易发现,但长期存在会造成轮轨接触关系极度恶化,严重影响车辆及轨道结构使用寿命。文中基于安装有连续测力轮对的高速铁路综合检测列车,在日常巡检中取得的覆盖全国高速线路的轮轨力实测数据,进行了深入的统计分析及现场对照,提出了一种全新的轨道缺陷评价方案,能够准确给出轨道缺陷类型、缺陷严重程度、具体里程等信息,为工务部门日常检修和维护提供了重要依据,在实践运用中效果良好。

公共交通密闭空间内空气品质影响因素分析与评价

城际高铁短途客运列车是乘客出行中必不可少的公共交通工具,为保障乘客出行过程中的健康与旅途舒适度,车厢内的空气综合品质研究显得尤为重要。本文以兰州火车站至兰州中川机场站的高铁列车为研究对象,以最高分指数和平均分指数为研究方法,构建车厢空气品质评价模型,揭示了兰州城际高铁短途客运列车车厢空气品质状况。研究结果表明,城际高铁短途客运列车空气质量处于尚未污染水平,地铁车厢内空气质量水平为轻中度污染水平,高铁列车空气质量水平明显优于地铁。本文的研究内容对乘客健康出行具有重要意义,同时可为特定空间空气质量监测以及评价提供经验、方法借鉴。