Exploration into Technical Manners of Landscape Projects in Beijing "Green" Rail Transit System

Nowadays,Rail Transit System has become one of the most important transportation means for the residents in Beijing.Construction of good urban rail transit landscape has also attracted increasing attentions from designers and residents.The paper tries to explain that by taking sustainable landscape technological means and including plant utilization into all components of Beijing rail transit system the surrounding environment and inner environment of the subways could be expected to be improved.

Smart City Rail Transit Operation and Management Information Construction Strategy

Rail transit is considered one of the safest and most efficient modes of transportation.Ticketing,vehicle dispatching,and passenger flow control during rail transit operations in China have been improving over the years.Smart city construction and intelligent management models has also been increasingly emphasized with the rapid development of information and internet technology.Therefore,it is essential to conduct relevant research and discussions to improve the overall efficiency and quality of urban rail transit operation and management.This article provides an overview of smart city rail transit operation and management informatization,the principles of construction,and the functions of smart city rail transit operation and management informatization.Additionally,it discusses the strategies for the construction of smart city rail transit operation and management information and its development prospects.

Coupling analysis of passenger and train flows for a large-scale urban rail transit system

Coupling analysis of passenger and train flows is an important approach in evaluating and optimizing the operation efficiency of large-scale urban rail transit(URT)systems.This study proposes a passenger–train interaction simulation approach to determine the coupling relationship between passenger and train flows.On the bases of time-varying origin–destination demand,train timetable,and network topology,the proposed approach can restore passenger behaviors in URT systems.Upstream priority,queuing process with first-in-first-serve principle,and capacity constraints are considered in the proposed simulation mechanism.This approach can also obtain each passenger’s complete travel chain,which can be used to analyze(including but not limited to)various indicators discussed in this research to effectively support train schedule optimization and capacity evaluation for urban rail managers.Lastly,the proposed model and its potential application are demonstrated via numerical experiments using real-world data from the Beijing URT system(i.e.,rail network with the world’s highest passenger ridership).

Future 5G-Oriented System for Urban Rail Transit:Opportunities and Challenges

As a development direction of urban rail transit system,the train autonomous circumambulate system(TACS)can operate in a safer,more efficient,and more economical mode.However,most urban rail transit systems transmit signals through industrial,scientific,and medical(ISM)frequency bands or narrow frequency bands,which cannot meet the requirements of TACS.As a promising solution,the 5th generation(5G)mobile communication provides more services for the future urban rail transit systems,and covers the shortages of exiting communication technologies in terms of capacity and reliability.In this paper,we first briefly review the research status of current train control system and introduce its limitations.Next,we propose a novel network architecture,and present new technologies and requirements of the proposed architecture for TACS.Some potential challenges are then discussed to give insights for further research of TACS.

Greenhouse gas emission analysis and measurement for urban rail transit: A review of research progress and prospects

Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban transportation carbon emission reduction.Since the whole life cycle of urban rail transit carbon emission measurement involves a wide range of aspects,a systematic framework model is required for analysis.This research reviews the existing studies on carbon emission of urban rail transit.First,the characteristics of urban rail transit carbon emission were determined and the complexity of carbon emission measurement was analyzed.Then,the urban rail transit carbon emission measurement models were compared and analyzed in terms of the selection of research boundaries,the types of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions calculation,and the accuracy of the measurement.Following that,an intelligent station was introduced to analyze the practical application of digital collaboration technology and energy-saving and carbon-reducing system platforms for rail transit.Finally,the urgent problems and future research directions at this stage were discussed.This research presents the necessity of establishing a dynamic carbon emission factor library and the important development trend of system integration of carbon emission measurement and digital system technology.

Design Strategy of Underground Space of Urban Rail Transit Complex Based on Integration Concept

With the accelerated development and utilization of urban underground space,the underground space design of complex based on rail transit has attracted much attention.By sorting out the integration concept and constructing the logical framework of integrated design,the integrated design strategy is proposed from the aspects of function,transportation,space and environment on the urban scale,and the evaluation points of integrated design effect are put forward from the aspects of accessibility,coordination,openness and symbolism.

Industrial frequency single-phase AC traction power supply system for urban rail transit and its key technologies

To avoid stray current and maintain the benefit of no phase-split in the DC traction power supply system, an AC traction power supply system was proposed for the urban public transport such as metro and light rail transit. The proposed system consists of a main substation （MSS） and cable traction network （CTN）. The MSS includes a single-phase main traction transformer and a negative-se- quence compensation device, while the CTN includes double-core cables, traction transformers, overhead catenary system, rails, etc. Several key techniques for the proposed system were put forward and discussed, which can be summarized as （1） the power supply principle, equivalent circuit and transmission ability of the CTN, the cable-catenary matching technique, and the selection of catenary voltage level; （2） the segmentation technology and status identification method for traction power supply network, distributed and centralized protection schemes, etc.; （3） a power supply scheme for single-line MSS and a power supply scheme of MSS shared by two or more lines. The proposed industrial frequency single-phase AC traction power supply system shows an excellent technical performance, good economy, and high reliability, hence provides a new alternative for metro and urban rail transit power supply systems.

Short-term inbound rail transit passenger flow prediction based on BILSTM model and influence factor analysis

Accurate and real-time passenger flow prediction of rail transit is an important part of intelligent transportation systems(ITS).According to previous studies,it is found that the prediction effect of a single model is not good for datasets with large changes in passenger flow characteristics and the deep learning model with added influencing factors has better prediction accuracy.In order to provide persuasive passenger flow forecast data for ITS,a deep learning model considering the influencing factors is proposed in this paper.In view of the lack of objective analysis on the selection of influencing factors by predecessors,this paper uses analytic hierarchy processes(AHP)and one-way ANOVA analysis to scientifically select the factor of time characteristics,which classifies and gives weight to the hourly passenger flow through Duncan test.Then,combining the time weight,BILSTM based model considering the hourly travel characteristics factors is proposed.The model performance is verified through the inbound passenger flow of Ningbo rail transit.The proposed model is compared with many current mainstream deep learning algorithms,the effectiveness of the BILSTM model considering influencing factors is validated.Through comparison and analysis with various evaluation indicators and other deep learning models,the results show that the R2 score of the BILSTM model considering influencing factors reaches 0.968,and the MAE value of the BILSTM model without adding influencing factors decreases by 45.61%.

Function Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Smart Station

In order to make rail transit smart stations serve passengers better,the potential of smart stations should be optimized to reduce time cost,and relieve traffic congestion.In this paper,the construction of smart stations based on the management experience of a subway station and the benefits of smart stations were analyzed and discussed.The construction of smart stations,as well as the key technologies for the construction of smart stations,will aid in the automation and intelligent management of subway stations.

Residential relocation in response to light rail transit investment:case study of the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail system

It is widely acknowledged that the improved accessibility enabled by investment in public transport services can, under favorable market conditions, impact the local real estate market within the zone of influence of the service＇s stations. The motivation for this study is to establish the nature of two such impacts, specifically the spatial and socio-economic patterns of residential relocations that are driven by the new light rail transit （LRT） service. Using empirical data （n = 1,023） from the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail system in New Jersey （US）, we report findings regarding the impacts of the introduction of the new LRT service. We investigate two linked dimensions; the first is the distinctive socio-economic profile of LRT passengers who self-report having relocated to the new transit corridor due, at least in part, to the new transit service. The second is their proximity （following their resi- dential relocation） to the new LRT line＇ s stations. We present a novel analysis that accounts for endogeneity between these two dimensions of residential relocation. Of light rail passengers who engaged in a residential relocation in the 5 years prior to the survey, two-thirds （69 %） indicate that proximity to the light rail service was a ＇somewhat＇ or ＇very＇ important consideration. Via the multivariate analysis, we demonstrate that small household size, low income, youth （as opposed to older age）, and low car ownership are each positively linked, ceteris paribus, with having engaged in a residential reloca- tion motivated by the new transit service. Finally, higher household income is found to be associated with distance （after relocation） to the nearest transit station, which is consistent with bid-rent theory.

Design of Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System of Urban Rail Transit Train Running State

The monitoring and warning of urban rail transit is the core of operation management, and the breadth and depth of the monitoring range directly affect the quality of urban rail transit operation. For the current domestic monitoring system, most of the critical equipments and technologies are introduced from abroad;it is diseconomy, and also causes hidden danger. Realizing the localization of monitoring and early warning system is imperative. Based on the analysis of the present situation of urban rail transit operation safety at home and abroad, the paper proposes to use integrated technology to design basic framework of monitoring and warning system of urban rail train, and puts forward the critical technologies to realize the system. Compared with the existing monitoring system, the integrated monitoring system has the characteristics of wide monitoring range, clear division of labor, centralized management, coordination and integration operation and intelligent management, and embodies the concept of people-oriented. It has scientific significance for future construction of domestic Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System (IMEWS) of urban rail transit.

Research on Operation Safety of Urban Rail Transit Based on Automatic Ticket Checking(AFC)System

At present,after the actual inspection of the rail transit automatic ticket checking system,some security vulnerabilities have appeared,and there are also some defects in information security.For example,the database and virus protection need to be analyzed and upgraded in order to cope with the increasing number of information security risks.This article analyzes the security problems in the AFC system,and puts forward related suggestions and solutions,hoping to provide some reference for technical developers.

Rational scale of urban rail transit network based on system dynamics

Urban rail transit(URT) has been playing an important role in urban sustainable development with its advantages of high speed,large capacity,high efficiency and low pollution.Estimating URT network scale is the key to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of its construction.The existing studies on rational scale of URT network have not dealt with the interaction of supply and demand.This paper describes the establishment of a system dynamics model of rational URT network scale determination,considering the interaction between URT construction and city social economic development as well as the dynamic equilibrium of capital supply and traffic demand,and the verification of the model validity by applying it to the case of Wuhan City's URT construction.

Estimation method for a skip-stop operation strategy for urban rail transit in China

The skip-stop operation strategy （SOS） is rarely applied to Chinese urban rail transit networks because it is a simple scheme and a less universally popular transportation service. However, the SOS has performance advantages, in that the total trip time can be reduced depending on the number of skipped stations, crowds of passengers can be rapidly evacuated at congested stations in peak periods, and the cost to transit companies is reduced. There is a contradiction between reducing the trip time under the SOS and increasing the passengers＇ waiting times under an all-stop scheme. Given this situation, the three objectives of our study were to minimize the waiting and trip times of all passengers and the travel times of trains. A comprehensive estimation model is presented for the SOS. The mechanism through which the trip time for all passengers is affected by the SOS is analyzed in detail. A 0-I integer programming formulation is established for the three objectives, and is solved using a tabu search algorithm. Finally, an example is presented to demonstrate that the estimation method for the SOS is capable of optimizing the timetable and operation schemes for a Chinese urban rail transit network.

Optimization of train plan for urban rail transit in the multi-routing mode

The train plan of urban rail transit under multi-routing mode can be divided into three parts： train formation, train operation periods and corresponding train counts of each routing in each period. Based on the analysis of passen- ger＇s general travel expenses and operator＇s benefits, the constraints and objective functions are defined and the multiobjective optimization model for the train plan of urban rail transit is presented. Factors considered in the multi- objective optimization model include transport capacity, the requirements of traffic organization, corporation benefits, passenger demands, and passenger choice behavior under multi-train-routing mode. According to the characteristics of this model and practical planning experience, a three-phase solution was designed to gradually optimize the train formarion, train counts as well as operation periods. The instance of Changsha Metro Line 2 validates the feasibility and efficiency of this approach.

Review of recent progress in studies on noise emanating from rail transit bridges

In recent years, there has been rapid growth of Chinese rail transit networks. Many of these networks require elevated bridges. This results in a bridge-borne noise source, which occurs in addition to the main noise source （i.e., wheel-rail interactions）. Bridge-borne noise is attracting increasing attention because of its low-frequency noise characteristics. This review paper first analyzes the space distribution, spectral characteristics, and sound pressure levels of noise radiated by all-concrete, steel- concrete composite, and all-steel bridges, mainly according to experimental studies. Second, this paper reviews exist- ing theoretical prediction models of noise emanating from bridges： the semianalytical method, the Rayleigh integral method, the boundary element method, and statistical energy analysis. Several case studies are reviewed, and their results are discussed. Finally, according to the results of the current review, the main factors affecting bridgeborne noise are analyzed, several noise reduction measures are proposed for different types of bridges, and their effectiveness is demonstrated.

Landscape Design of Urban Rail Transit Complex Based on the Concept of Sustainable Development

On the basis of current development of urban rail transit complex in China,this paper proposed that it is necessary to build a complete landscape design system of urban traffic complex.Combined with the concept of sustainable urban landscape design,this paper explored landscape design of urban rail transit complex from the macroscopic,mesocopic and microscopic perspective,and analyzed many design cases to provide references for the sustainable landscape design of urban rail transit complex in China.

Advances in Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Technology for Rail Transit

Traditional power supply method for moving electric railway vehicles is based on contact type power collection technology.This sometimes cannot meet the requirements of modern rail transportation.A new wireless power transfer(WPT)technology can offer significant benefits in modern rail transportation particularly in some stringent environments.This paper reviews the status and the development of rail transit power supply technology,and introduces a new challenging technology--inductive power transfer(IPT)technology for rail transit.Tesla established the underpinning of IPT technology and creatively and significantly demonstrated power transfer by using highly resonant tuned coils long time ago.However,only in recent years the IPT technology has been significantly improved including the transfer air-gap length,transfer efficiency,coupling factor,power transfer capability and so on.This is mainly due to innovative semiconductor switches,higher control frequency,better coil designs and high performance material,new track and vehicle construction techniques.Recent advances in IPT for rail transit and major milestones of the developments are summarized in this paper.Some important technical issues such as coupling coil structures,power supply schemes,segmentation switching techniques for long-distance power supply,and bidirectional IPT systems for braking energy feedback are discussed.