Efficient loading of cesium atoms in a magnetic levitated dimple trap

We report a detailed study of magnetically levitated loading of ultracold ^(133)Cs atoms in a dimple trap.The atomic sample was produced in a combined red-detuned optical dipole trap and dimple trap formed by two small waist beams crossing a horizontal plane.The magnetic levitation for the ^(133)Cs atoms forms an effective potential for a large number of atoms in a high spatial density.Dependence of the number of atoms loaded and trapped in the dimple trap on the magnetic field gradient and bias field is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.This method has been widely used to obtain the Bose–Einstein condensation atoms for many atomic species.

A Study on the Performances of Solar Air Collectors Having a Hemispherical Dimple on the Absorber Plate

In order to increase the efficiency of solar air collectors,a new variant with a protrusion is proposed in this study,and its performances are analyzed from two points of view,namely,in terms of optics and thermodynamics aspects.By comparing and analyzing the light paths of the protrusion and the dimple,it can be concluded that when sunlight shines on the dimple,it is reflected and absorbed multiple times,whereas for the sunlight shining on the protrusion,there is no secondary reflection or absorption of light.When the lighting area and the properties of the surfaces are the same,the absorption rate of the dimple is 10.3 percentage points higher than that of the protrusion.In the range of Reynolds number from 3000 to 11000,numerical simulations about the effects of the relative height(e/Dh=0.033–0.1)and relative spacing(p/e=4.5–8.5)of protrusions on air heat transfer and flow resistance show that,in terms of comprehensive evaluation coefficient(PF),the best relative height is 0.085,when the relative spacing is 5.A correlation of Nu and f with Re,e/Dh and p/e is obtained by linear regression of the results,in order to provide a useful reference for the design and optimization of this kind of solar air collector.

Numerical study of flow and thermal characteristics of pulsed impinging jet on a dimpled surface

This research comprehensively investigates the flow and thermal characteristics of a pulsating impinging jet over a dimpled surface.It analyzes the impact of key parameters(e.g.,inlet velocity pulsation functions,pulsation frequency,amplitude,dimple pitch,dimple depth,Reynolds number)on flow patterns and heat transfer.Validated computational fluid dynamics and the Re-normalization group turbulence model are employed to accurately simulate complex turbulent flow behavior.Local and average heat transfer coefficients are calculated and compared to steady impingement cases,revealing the potential benefits of pulsation for heat transfer enhancement.The study also examines how pulsation-induced flow modulation and thermal mixing affect heat transfer mechanisms.Results indicate that combining fluctuating flow with a dimpled surface can improve heat transfer rates.In summary,increasing pulsation amplitude consistently enhances heat transfer,while the effect of frequency varies between impinging and wall jet zones.

基于磁悬浮大体积交叉光学偶极阱的Dimple光阱装载研究

三维拉曼边带冷却后的铯原子样品装载于一个磁悬浮的大体积交叉光学偶极阱中,继续加载一个小体积的光学偶极阱后,实现了Dimple光学偶极阱对铯原子的高效装载.对不同磁场下磁悬浮大体积光阱的有效装载势能进行理论分析与实验测量,得出最优化的梯度磁场和均匀偏置磁场,获得了基于磁悬浮大体积光阱的Dimple光学偶极阱的装载势能曲线,实现了Dimple光学偶极阱对经拉曼边带冷却后俘获在磁悬浮的大体积光阱中的铯原子样品的有效装载.比较了Dimple光学偶极阱分别从拉曼边带冷却、大体积的交叉光阱和消除反俘获势后的磁悬浮大体积光阱装载的结果,将俘获在磁悬浮大体积光阱中的铯原子样品装载到Dimple光学偶极阱,铯原子样品的密度提高了约15倍.

Characteristics of seal shell body's rubber ring with bionic dimpled surfaces of aerodynamic extinguishing cannon

To solve the problem of sealing between the barrel and the rubber ring of shell body during an launching process of aerodynamic extinguishing cannon, a rubber sealing model with bionic dimpled characteristics was established based on the theory of bionic dimpled drag reduction and the principle of rubber sealing. In condition that the bionic dimpled characteristic diameters were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm, respectively, by numerical simulation, the influence of the installing compression of the rubber sealing ring on its surface stress and deformation was analyzed, and sealing performance of the rubber ring with different diameters of bionic dimpled was studied. The results show that the deformation of rubber ring appears prominent nonlinear characteristics when compression is increased from 1.5 mm to 2.5 ram. When the compression is 2.5 mm, the equivalent compression stress on the sealing areas of both sides of the rubber seal is greater than the working pressure of aerodynamic extinguishing cannon, which could meet the sealing requirement and would not cause leakage. So the rubber sealing ring with bionic dimpled surface possesses a good sealing characteristic and has no negative effect on the sealing of shell body; When the compression is 2.5 mm, the larger equivalent stress on the edge of sealing ring and the more even stress distribution in the high pressure area are generated due to the smaller compressive stress on the bionic dimple areas, which lays a foundation for the drag reduction characteristics of the shell body＇s rubber ring with bionic dimpled surface.

Numerical Simulation on Flow Control for Drag Reduction of Revolution Body Using Dimpled Surface

Numerical simulation on the flow fields near the dimpled and the smooth revolution bodies are performed and compared by using SST k-ω turbulence model, to explain the reasons of friction and base drag reductions on the bionic dimpled surface and the control behaviors of dimpled surface to boundary layer near wall of the revolution body. The simulation results show that the dimpled surface reduces the skin friction drag through reducing the velocity gradient and turbulent intensity, and reduces the base drag through weakening the pumping action on the flow behind the revolution body caused by the external flow; the low speed rotating vortexes in the dimples segregate the external flow and the revolution body; and the low speed rotating vortexes forming in the bottom of dimples can produce negative skin friction.

Passive heat transfer enhancement of laminar mixed convection flow in a vertical dimpled tube

Heat transfer enhancement in vertical tubes plays an important role on the thermal performance of many heat exchangers and thermal devices.In this work,laminar mixed convection of airflow in a vertical dimpled tube was numerically investigated.Three-dimensional elliptical governing equations were solved using the finite-volume technique.For a given dimpled pitch,the effects of three different dimple heights(h/D=0.013,0.027,0.037) have been studied at different Richardson numbers(0.1,1.0 and 1.5).The generated vortex in the vicinity of the dimple destructs the thermal boundary layer and enhances the heat transfer.Therefore,lower wall temperature is seen where the dimples are located.Fluid flow velocity at the near-wall region significantly increases because of buoyancy forces with the increase of Richardson numbers.Such an acceleration at the near-wall region makes the dimples more effective at higher Richardson number.Using a dimpled tube enhances the heat transfer coefficient.However,the pressure drop is not important.For instance,in the case of Ri=1.5 and h/D=0.037,20% gains in the heat transfer enhancement only costs2.5% in the pressure loss.In general,it is recommended using a dimpled tube where the effects of buoyancy forces are important.

Prediction of Leakage from an Axial Piston Pump Slipper with Circular Dimples Using Deep Neural Networks

Oil leakage between the slipper and swash plate of an axial piston pump has a significant effect on the efficiency of the pump.Therefore,it is extremely important that any leakage can be predicted.This study investigates the leakage,oil film thickness,and pocket pressure values of a slipper with circular dimples under different working conditions.The results reveal that flat slippers suffer less leakage than those with textured surfaces.Also,a deep learning-based framework is proposed for modeling the slipper behavior.This framework is a long short-term memory-based deep neural network,which has been extremely successful in predicting time series.The model is compared with four conventional machine learning methods.In addition,statistical analyses and comparisons confirm the superiority of the proposed model.

Natural convection heat transfer enhancement of different nanofluids by adding dimple fins on a vertical channel wall

In this numerical study,natural flow and heat transfer of nanofluids with Al2O3,TiO2,Cu and CNT nanoparticles in a vertical channel with dimpled fins at Rayleigh number(Ra)of Ra=3.25×107 to Ra=1×108 are investigated by using the finite volume method.The obtained results revealed that,using CNT in volume fractions of 2%and 4%leads to significant heat transfer and atφ=6%,using TiO2 nanoparticles has a great effect on Nu number enhancement.Also,using solid nanoparticles in base fluid causes more uniform heat transfer distribution,especially in areas close to heated surface and by adding more volume fraction in base fluid,temperature level reduces.In general,according to temperature contours,reduction of wall temperature depends on the increase of Ra and volume fraction and the type of solid nanoparticles.

Effect of Micro-Dimples on Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Textured Sinusoidal Roughness Surfaces

Surface texturing has been applied to improving the tribological performance of mechanical components for many years. Currently, the researches simulate the film pressure distribution of textured rough surfaces on the basis of the average flow model, and however the influence of roughness on the film pressure distribution could not be precisely expressed. Therefore, in order to study the hydrodynamic lubrication of the rough textured surfaces, sinusoidal waves are employed to characterize untextured surfaces. A deterministic model for hydrodynamic lubrication of microdimple textured rough surfaces is developed to predict the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure. By supplementing with the JFO cavitation boundary, the load carrying capacity of the film produced by micro-dimples and roughness is obtained. And the geometric parameters of textured rough surface are optimized to obtain the maximum hydrodynamic lubrication by specifying an optimization goal of the load carrying capacity. The effect of roughness on the hydrodynamic pressure of surface texture is significant and the load carrying capacity decreases with the increase of the roughness ratio because the roughness greatly suppresses the hydrodynamic effect of dimples. It shows that the roughness ratio of surface may be as small as possible to suppress the effect of hydrodynamic lubrication. Additionally,there are the optimum values of the micro-dimple depth and area density to maximize the load carrying capacity for any given value of the roughness ratio. The proposed approach is capable of accurately reflects the influence of roughness on the hydrodynamic pressure, and developed a deterministic model to investigate the hydrodynamic lubrication of textured surfaces.

DIMPLE FORMATION ON FRACTURE SURFACE OF STEEL 55SiMnMo

The fracture surface of the normalized steel 55SiMnMo was observed,under tensile device at- tached on the SEM,to be of ductile dimple feature on the bainite which is composed of lath ferrite and austenite platelet.The dimple is essentially nucleated in the ferrite.Because the austenitic plastic deformation is remarkable during fracturing,the tear ridge of dimple is very sharp.

Shape Optimization of A 3D Slider with Dimples

Sliding contacts in laminar flow regimes have been investigated extensively in recent years. The results indicate the possibility to increase load carrying capacity in a slider bearing for more than 10% with the addition of dimples. Parametric studies have been performed to determine optimal size and position, with emphasis in the optimal shape and position of the dimple for an operating condition. In this article, the numerical analysis of a 2D textured slider bearing with a dimple is initially considered with an isothermal laminar fluid. Position, depth, width and convergence ratio are optimized, the results demonstrate the importance of the width and convergence ratio to increase load. Then, the numerical analysis of a 3D textured slider bearing with fore-region and extended channels at the outlet and on the sides of a pad is considered. The simulations are also carried out for a laminar isothermal flow. Three dimples are considered and their depth is optimized.

Friction Analyses of Dimple-Structured Surface

This paper proposes an investigation of the effects of laser engineering surface with dimple operating under lubrication. Dimples with semi-spherical geometry, with 100 μm in diameter and 25 μm in depth, were Laser-machined on the surfaces of high speed steel AISI H 13 discs, with three different distribution densities applied over the surface. Pin-on-disc experiments were performed by using counter bodies made with AISI 440C and Tungsten carbide ISO K20 pins. The experiments provided data information on the influence of dimple distribution on the coefficient of friction. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the influence of the pin and disc surface roughness on the contact problem. The results suggest that the design of dimple-structured surfaces rely on nine main parameters： material contact pair and its respective hardness, Young Modulus, the roughness of the surfaces, the dimple design, the dimple distribution, the load applied, the velocity and the type of lubricant. A better performance can be obtained from a compromise solution over these parameters, and the dimple concentration has a dominance over the other parameters. The best results were obtained with a lower concentration of dimples, under higher speed and load. Numerical simulations can also be used as a design tool, supporting decisions regarding shape and distribution of the dimples and material selections for the contact pair.

Effect of micro-dimple patterns on capillary pull-off force and friction force of silicon surface

A microtribometer is used to measure and compare pull-off forces and friction forces exerted on （a） micro-dimpled silicon surfaces, （b） bare silicon surfaces, and （c） octadecyltrichlorosilane （OTS） treated silicon surfaces at different relative humidity （RH） levels separately. It is found that above a critical RH level, the capillary pull-off force increases abruptly and that the micro-dimple textured surface has a lower critical RH value as well as a higher pull-off force value than the other two surfaces. A micro topography parameter, namely sidewall area ratio, is found to play a major role in controlling the capillary pull-off force. Furthermore, micro-dimpled silicon surface is also proved to be not sensitive to variation in RH level, and can realize a stable and decreased friction coefficient compared with un-textured silicon surfaces. The reservoir-like function of micro dimples is considered to weaken or avoid the breakage effect of liquid bridges at different RH levels, thereby maintaining a stable frictional behaviour.

倾斜椭球凹陷阵列湍流强化传热实验与数值分析

为了提高涡轮叶片内部通道对流传热性能,本文基于瞬态液晶热像技术分别针对矩形通道表面排布的球形凹陷和斜椭球凹陷阵列的传热和压力损失特性进行了实验研究。在雷诺数为1×10^(4)~6×10^(4)内,与基准球形凹陷相比,平行排布和V形排布的斜椭球凹陷总体传热分别增强了23.8%~33.8%和104%~121%,V形排布的斜椭球凹陷综合传热性能显著提高了25%~68.3%。通过数值模拟发现,平行排布的斜椭球凹陷虽然可以诱发更强烈的二次流,但是平行的排布方式使下游凹陷受到来自上游凹陷升温后的流体冲刷,因此限制了传热的进一步增强。V形排布的斜椭球凹陷通过诱发大尺度的纵向涡对将来自主流的冷流体输运至壁面,冷流体直接冲击壁面并与近壁流体剪切,极大地增强了对流传热。

Ce对DH36船板钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

为探究稀土Ce对DH36船板钢显微组织和力学性能的影响,采用真空感应炉熔炼不同Ce含量的DH36船板钢,利用场发射扫描电镜、显微硬度计、冲击试验机、电子万能试验机等设备研究了Ce对DH36船板钢组织、硬度、冲击性能、拉伸性能的影响。结果显示:在DH36船板钢中加入Ce使铁素体和珠光体组织细化。含0.009%Ce的试验钢综合力学性能最好,硬度增幅最大,相比未加Ce的试验钢提升15.6%;抗拉强度由未添加Ce的581.97 MPa提升到643.80 MPa,提升10.6%;冲击功由未添加Ce的162.8 J提升到174.5 J,提升7.2%。加入稀土Ce后,试验钢的拉伸断口和冲击断口形貌得到改善,韧窝数量增多,断口表面的夹杂物类型发生改变,由大尺寸不规则夹杂物变成了小尺寸类球状稀土夹杂物,降低了有害夹杂物引起的应力集中,使断口表面的裂纹源明显减少。

镀铬层表面微坑阵列PDMS掩膜电解加工研究

以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为掩膜的微细电解加工能高效地加工出群微坑阵列,从而改善表面摩擦学性能,提高零件使用寿命,但因电场边缘效应,得到的微坑阵列尺寸均匀性较差。针对这一现象,采用厚层PDMS模板并利用高压静液进行掩膜电解加工,探究工艺参数对铬层表面的微坑阵列尺寸与加工精度的影响,并在耐磨的镀铬层表面进行加工以进一步验证铬层表面摩擦学性能,分析微坑尺寸对镀铬层表面摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,在占空比100%、直流电压30 V、加工时间30 s时,可加工出平均直径和深度分别为106.23μm和15.33μm的微坑阵列,在此基础上探究加工的减磨效果,发现不同直径的微坑阵列均在5μm的深度时达到最佳减磨效果。

凹坑减阻表面拓扑磨削几何形状变异机理的研究

为了揭示结构化凹坑减阻表面的拓扑磨削过程中,被磨削出的表面与设计表面之间的几何变异规律,通过对磨粒间相对运动状态分析,确定拓扑磨削形成凹坑长度及中间截面形状并通过仿真验证。首先,建立球冠凹坑数学模型并将中间截面拓扑变换得到磨粒簇中间截面;其次,确定影响砂轮磨粒簇长度的两个参量—砂轮基体半径、砂轮转速与工件进给速度之比,在砂轮基体半径确定的条件下,建立凹坑长度和磨粒簇长度间的精确的数学表达;最后,设计仿真实验,分别改变速比和磨削深度进行磨削得到凹坑表面,并提取中间截面数据拟合曲线与设计凹坑曲线对比。结果表明,定半径条件下满足磨粒簇长度与速比对应关系时,其形成的凹坑表面形状与设计形状相比几乎不存在变异,误差远小于其他速比所形成表面,而磨削深度略浅会使凹坑按比例缩小。

叶序排布凹坑旋成体表面设计及磨削的研究

为了在旋成体上磨削出叶序排布凹坑结构化表面,基于叶序排布理论对旋成体曲面划分出结构化单元;设计出叶序排布凹坑旋成体表面的三维模型,并分析结构化单元凹坑的拓扑特征变化量,给出了球形磨头磨削凹坑表面的策略。最后通过计算机仿真获得了磨削加工中主轴不同角度方向和叶序排布系数对结构化凹坑表面的影响规律,并进行了初步磨削实验。结果表明:此磨削方法可以实现叶序排布凹坑旋成体表面的加工,随着叶序排布系数减小,凹坑在旋成体表面上排布更加稀疏;当球形磨头绕不同轴线旋转磨削时,在凹坑内部可形成纵向纹理、横向纹理和同心圆纹理。

钛合金表面椭圆微坑阵列模板电解加工试验研究

针对离子推进器织构化流道高效精密加工需求,开展TC4钛合金表面椭圆形微坑阵列模板电解加工试验研究。通过电场有限元仿真,发现随着加工进行,微坑逐渐由矩形变为椭圆并最终变为近似圆形,而且微坑在椭圆短轴方向上增量要大于长轴方向。通过设计一种辅助支撑压紧装置以抑制非加工表面杂散腐蚀,研究了加工时间、占空比对微坑尺寸的影响。研究表明,在加工电压30 V、频率2 kHz、时间60 s、占空比8%的优选参数下,可以实现椭圆形微坑阵列的高效高一致性加工,得到的平均深度为98.04μm,长轴和短轴平均宽度分别为198.25μm和186.84μm。