Effect of Mongolian Vinegar Soaked Licorice on Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Combined with High-fat Diet in Rats

[Objectives]To determine the improvement effect of vinegar soaked licorice on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))combined with high-fat diet in rats.[Methods]Subcutaneous injection of 40%-60%CCl_(4)olive oil solution(0.3 mL/100 g)combined with a high-fat diet was used for 5 weeks to establish the rat model with liver fibrosis.After the modeling,the rats were divided into a low dose(0.8 g/kg),a medium dose(2.5 g/kg),a high dose(5 g/kg)group,a colchicine(1.5 mg/kg)positive group,and a vinegar group(2 mL/kg).The serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels in the rats were measured automatically.The serum hyaluronic acid(HA)was detected by radioimmunoassay,and the serum laminin(LN)and procollagen type III peptide(PIIIP)levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.Liver histopathological morphological changes were observed by HE and Masson staining,and expressions of cytochrome CYP2E1 and transcription factor Nrf2 were detected by immunohistochemistry.[Results]The rat liver fibrosis model was established successfully at the 6~(th)week.Compared with the model group,the levels of ALT,AST,HA,LA,PIIIP,CYP2E1 and Nrf2 of all the examined indexes in the dosing group were decreased(P<0.05).As shown in the pictures of liver pathological tissue sections,the liver fibrosis was significantly alleviated in the positive group and the 3 administration groups.[Conclusions]Vinegar soaked licorice can significantly improve the liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride combined with high-fat diet in rats,and the effect of the high-dose group was similar to that of the positive group.

Reducing toxic effect of seed-soaked Cu fertilizer on germination of wheat

A laboratory incubation experiment (20℃) was conducted to find if the detrimental effects of seed-soaked Cu on wheat seedlings can be minimized by reducing time duration of seed in contact with Cu EDTA fertilizer solution. The 24 treatments in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement included 6 rates/amounts of Cu (0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 g Cu 100 kg-1 seed) and 4 seed-soaking time durations (0, 4, 8 and 16 h). The germination of wheat seed was 100% in the zero-Cu control treatments, irrespective of the duration of seed soaking time. However, seed germination decreased with increasing amount of fertilizer Cu in the seed-soaking solution, and the magnitude of reduction in seed germination due to Cu toxicity increased with increasing duration of seed-soaking time in the Cu fertilizer solution. For the seed-soaked treatments, the detrimental effect of Cu on germination was greatest with 16 h soaking, where only 13% - 18% of the seeds germinated with Cu applied at 15 to 30 g Cu 100 kg-1 seed. For the 4 and 8 h seed soaking treatments, germination of wheat seed ranged from 73% to 83% with 15 g Cu 100 kg-1 seed treatment and 42% to 62% with 30 g Cu 100 kg-1 seed. The findings suggest that the detrimental effect of Cu on germination of wheat seed soaked in Cu EDTA solution can be decreased by reducing duration of soaking time from 16 h to 4 or 8 h, but this needs further investigation using soil under growth chamber and/or field conditions in order to make valid recommendations for use of this new technology on a commercial scale.

Facile Synthesis Route of Au-Ag Nanostructures Soaked in PEG

A nanostructured gold-silver soaked in polyethylene glycol 400 (Au-Ag@PEG) is designed using gold(I) chloride and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as precursors and, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) as capping agent. The result of the structure characterization using Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) has showed that the synthesized nanomaterial has a good crystallinity while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements suggest mixed Au-Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter size of around 7 nm and 30 nm for Au and Ag respectively.

Damage Analysis of Circulating Soaked Rock Sample Based on Sonic-test Trials

Circulating soaked sandstone and mudstone samples sonic parameters were tested and analyzed, using RSM-SY5 sonic instrument, the variation between soaked times and the velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave was studied, calculation and analysis of the damage variable of circulating soaked rock samples were taken, with sonic measurement results and the empirical formula, the damage variable formulas associated with cycle times was established. The results showed that： the attenuation of sonic velocity basically in line with the exponential relationship, with cycle times increasing; The results of the critical calculation of damage variables and the strength test are well matched, which further confirms that the occurrence and expansion of new crack inside the rock mass resulted from circulating soaked lead to the decrease of the rock strength; The trend of sonic parameters attenuation and damage variable growth are good correspondence.

Discussion on the Treatment of Palmoplantar Keratosis by TCM Soaking and Washing

By combing the mechanism and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)soaking and washing and combining TCM syndrome differentiation with western medicine differentiation of diseases,guided by the view that"the principle of external treatment is that of internal treatment",this article discusses the differentiation and treatment ideas of palmoplantar keratosis by TCM soaking and washing,which will provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Effect of seed soaked with urea solution on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings

In the Yangtze river aera,the first crop of indi-ca rice is sown in late Mar to early Apr andtransplanted in early May.Usually,seedlingsperish when abnormal low temperature of 6-10℃ lasted for 3 d or longer.The effect ofsocking seed with urea solution on increasingthe cold tolerance at the seedling stage was

浸种方式和浸种时间对木薯种茎吸水及茎段幼苗生长的影响

选用木薯品种华南205的长种茎(1.8 m长),采用平浸(平放完全浸泡)和竖浸(浸基部10.0 cm)2种清水浸种方式,分别设置0、6、12、18、24 h共5个浸种时间,以不浸种(0 h)为对照,研究了不同浸种处理后种茎的含水量变化及其基部、中部和顶部3类部位短茎段(15.0 cm长)栽植后幼苗的生长情况。结果表明:随着浸种时间的延长,长种茎的吸水率均显著提高,而吸水速率显著降低;平浸处理的种茎含水量增加量、吸水率和吸水速率分别比竖浸处理显著提高了0.53、3.65、0.29个百分点;竖浸处理的短茎段的出苗率、株高、茎径、根径、茎叶鲜重及茎叶干重均显著高于平浸处理的;浸种12 h处理和不浸种对照的短茎段的幼苗株高、茎径、根数、茎叶鲜重及茎叶干重均优于其他浸种时间处理的;基部和中部茎段栽植的幼苗株高、茎径、单株叶片数、根数、根径、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重及芽数占比均显著高于顶部茎段栽植的。推荐木薯长种茎以竖浸方式浸种12 h,并采用经浸种处理的长种茎的基部和中部短茎段进行栽植。

矮壮素浸种对木薯苗期生长的影响

为改进木薯种茎的矮壮素浸种技术,设置不浸种、不同浓度矮壮素(0、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L、300 mg/L)浸种、不同浸种时长(6 h、12 h),研究其对袋栽木薯幼苗根、茎、叶的生长及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与不浸种比较,100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和12 h显著增粗茎径;200 mg/L浸种6 h、50 mg/L浸种12 h均显著提高总根长,并增粗细根根径。其中,总根长增幅分别达22.69%~31.33%、27.38%~36.86%,细根根径增幅分别达10.53%~20.29%、17.11%~20.29%;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高茎叶干重和膨大根干重;50~200 mg/L浸种6 h显著提高细根干重32.77%~76.76%,50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高细根干重25.54%~71.83%;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高薯干淀粉含量;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h有效提高土壤脲酶活性,100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和12 h均提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。50~200 mg/L矮壮素溶液浸泡木薯种茎6 h,能较好促进木薯苗的根、茎、叶生长,并提高土壤的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。

生根粉浸种对木薯生长与产量的影响

为探索木薯的抗逆增产技术,设置5个生根粉浸种浓度(0、10.0、20.0、40.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1))、2个浸种时间(6、12 h)、以不浸种处理为对照(CK),研究其对木薯农艺性状、薯块产量与品质的影响。结果表明:与不浸种比较,20.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h和20.0~60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种12 h显著增粗茎径,20.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h显著提高薯长和薯径,0、10.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种12 h显著增长薯长,0、40.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h及40.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种12 h显著增粗薯径,20.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h鲜薯产量显著增加42.3%、淀粉产量显著提高49.9%、收获指数显著提高10.5%。综上,推荐20.0 mg·L^(-1)生根粉溶液浸泡木薯种茎6 h的增产技术。

近红外光谱技术快速鉴别碱水浸泡鸡肉的研究

采用近红外光谱分析技术并结合主成分分析法,建立碱水浸泡鸡肉快速鉴别模型。原始光谱经平滑、多元散射校正和一阶导数等预处理后进行系统主成分分析,结果显示正常鸡肉和碱水浸泡鸡肉能得到清晰的分类。通过不同光谱预处理方法,采用簇类的独立软模式法建立分类模型,结果显示通过对样品光谱采用7点卷积平滑方法预处理,分类模型综合正确率最高,校正回判正确率在77.08%~100%之间,预测正确率在81.25%~100%之间。综上,采用近红外光谱分析技术对碱水浸泡鸡肉进行快速鉴别可行。

长期浸润状态下煤岩损伤机制研究

富水状态下煤岩力学性能的持续劣化是导致煤矿水害的重要原因,为探究长期浸润作用下煤岩的渐进损伤特征,以神木地区弱黏煤为研究对象,首先以无压力水浸泡的方式模拟煤岩的长期浸润(15,30,60,120,240 d);然后对干燥及浸润试样进行渐进破坏试验,辅以声发射(AE)监测,定量分析煤岩的软化特性;最后利用扫描电镜(SEM)和核磁共振(NMR)研究不同浸润时长下煤岩孔隙结构的劣化规律。研究表明:(1)煤岩饱和度随浸润时长的增加而增加,增加速度先快后慢,最后达到稳定。(2)随饱和度的增加,煤岩力学性能劣化;饱和后,随浸润时长的持续增加,煤岩力学性能仍持续劣化,表现为抗压强度、弹性模量的减小和累计振铃数的增加;(3)干燥处理后,原状煤岩表面干燥收缩,浸水后吸水膨胀,随着浸润时间的增加,小孔隙逐渐增多,孔隙结构趋于复杂。研究结果可为浸水煤岩失稳破坏问题提供有益参考。

速泡鲜腐竹加工工艺研究

在传统腐竹加工工艺的基础上,采用冷冻工艺制备速泡鲜腐竹。研究鼓风干燥预处理方式下冷冻时间、冷冻温度对速泡鲜腐竹复水率、泡发时间、感官品质的影响。分析不同加工工艺下腐竹的质构、色泽、泡发时间和复水率,以及炒制、油炸和煮制食用方式下产品的品质特点。结果表明,速泡鲜腐竹的最佳工艺为鼓风干燥温度40℃、干燥时间20 min、冷冻时间8 h、冷冻温度-20℃,该条件下制备的速泡鲜腐竹的水分含量为42.55%,泡发时间为3 min,复水率为58.87%。与市售干腐竹相比,速泡鲜腐竹的泡发时间缩短了90倍,油炸时的吸油率降低48.51%,速泡鲜腐竹无需浸泡,可以直接炒制、油炸和煮制,极大提高了食用的便捷性。

矮壮素浸种对木薯生长与产量的影响

为优化木薯的矮壮素浸种增产技术,研究不同浓度的矮壮素溶液浸种6h和12h对木薯农艺性状、薯块产量与品质的影响。结果表明,与不浸种比较,200.00mg/L、300.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h和100.00mg/L矮壮素浸种12h可显著矮化株高,0.00~100.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h可显著增长薯长,300.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h和200.00mg/L矮壮素浸种12h可显著增粗薯径;200.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h可显著提高薯干可溶性糖含量,200.0mg/L、300.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h可显著提高薯干淀粉含量。最优处理是300.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h,可显著提高鲜薯产量41.7%、淀粉产量64.6%、收获指数10.5%;次优处理是100.00~200.00mg/L矮壮素浸种6h、12h,可显著增产鲜薯和淀粉并显著或明显提高收获指数。综合分析,推荐100.00~300.00mg/L矮壮素溶液浸种6h作为鲜薯和淀粉增产技术。

干湿循环与加载先后顺序对砂泥岩混合料压缩特性的影响

为研究干湿循环与加载先后顺序对砂泥岩混合料压缩特性的影响,针对不同干湿循环次数、浸水时间和水温处置下的砂泥岩混合料,开展先干湿循环后加载、先加载后干湿循环的单向压缩试验。结果表明,两种试验方法所得砂泥岩混合料压缩量均随干湿循环次数增加、浸水时间增长、水温增高而增大;压缩量与干湿循环次数呈对数关系、与浸水时间呈幂函数关系、与水温呈线性关系,并推导出相应的压缩量计算公式;试验结果及理论分析均得出先干湿循环后加载的压缩量大于先加载后干湿循环的压缩量。

紫外辐照及甲基磺酸乙酯诱变对马铃薯早熟品种淀粉含量和产量性状的影响

针对黑龙江省现有马铃薯早熟品种淀粉含量较低的问题,通过紫外辐照和甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡2种方式,对东农303和中龙薯1号的组培苗进行处理,经过3 a的种植、调查和数据采集,确定诱变方式对不同品种马铃薯变异程度和诱变方向的影响,以改良获得早熟且高淀粉含量的马铃薯品种。结果表明,诱变后,整体变化表现为无变化>抑制>促进,其中东农303更易发生变异,紫外辐照的诱变效果更佳。在组培苗阶段,多数处理显示为抑制作用;在原原种阶段,紫外辐照有利于东农303产量的提升和中龙薯1号淀粉含量的增加;在原种阶段,甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡对东农303的商品性有提升作用,而2种诱变方式对中龙薯1号的产量和结薯数量均有明显抑制作用,紫外辐照的影响更为显著。在紫外辐照处理中,2个品种均发现了1个淀粉含量明显提升的单株,2个单株的发现将有利于黑龙江省不同熟期品种的搭配种植,减少完全依赖晚熟品种所带来的种植风险,并可有效提升产业效益。

不同温度下4种速生树种凋落叶的浸泡分解特性

[目的]了解树种和温度对速生树种凋落叶浸泡后分解特性的影响,以预测气候变化背景下速生树种的生态功能响应。[方法]以4种南方常见速生树种(松树、杉木、桉树、红锥)凋落叶为研究对象,分别在常温、20℃、35℃下浸泡22 d,并比较了4种凋落叶浸泡液的总磷、总氮、腐殖酸、单宁酸、COD含量和浊度、电导率、pH等。[结果]温度显著影响4种速生树种凋落叶浸泡液浊度的变化(P<0.05)。浸泡22 d,桉树凋落叶分解对浸泡液单宁酸含量、腐殖酸含量、pH等指标的影响大于其他树种。其中,桉树凋落叶浸泡液单宁酸含量为1407.84 mg·L^(-1),分别是松树、杉木、红锥的12、14、4倍;腐殖酸溶出量为871.40 mg·L^(-1),分别是松树、杉木、红锥的15、14、12倍;pH值保持在4.35~4.46之间,低于其他树种。[结论]松树、杉木、桉树和红锥凋落叶浸泡液浊度主要受温度影响,其余指标的变化均随树种不同而各有差异。常温比恒温条件更能促进桉树凋落叶浸泡液单宁酸的溶出,进而导致浸泡液pH值降低。

陕西紫阳某废弃石煤矿酸性废水的产生机理探讨

在自然环境中,黄铁矿容易发生氧化反应导致酸性矿山废水(AMD)污染,进而威胁人类的健康安全。石煤及矸石中伴生的黄铁矿及重金属(镉、镍、钒、锰、锌等)成分复杂,经大气降雨、地表水以及基岩裂隙水的长期浸泡淋溶,产生酸性水,加剧有毒有害重金属元素浸出。AMD因产量大、形成时间跨度长、产源地分散等问题,成为矿山环境修复者们的最棘手问题之一。对陕西紫阳废弃石煤矿进行采样分析,掌握废渣的化学成分及矿物组成,为酸性水的产生查找根源。依据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ 557—2010),将样品破碎后分别采用蒸馏水浸泡、曝气浸泡及密封浸泡方法,来模拟自然环境下酸性水产生过程,并在模拟过程中定期采集水样进行分析测定,为后续的矿上修复治理提供依据。

甘薯苗期黑斑病对薯苗生长的影响及药剂浸种对黑斑病的防治效果

为明确甘薯苗期黑斑病对薯苗生长的影响及25%肟菌·异菌脲悬浮剂浸种的防治效果,通过人工接菌和药液浸种试验,对各处理的种薯发芽、生长、产苗量及薯苗带菌率进行了调查。结果表明,种薯或基质带菌育苗,种薯发芽数与未接菌处理相比没有显著差异;不同浓度25%肟菌·异菌脲悬浮剂浸种对种薯发芽数也未见显著影响。与未接菌处理相比,种薯带菌和育苗基质带菌处理未药剂浸种时产苗量分别减少43.97%和59.82%。使用25%肟菌·异菌脲悬浮剂500 mg/L浸种时,种薯和基质带菌试验中千克种薯产苗分别为74.12株和69.56株,苗床接菌试验中产苗分别为126.92株和85.31株,均显著高于未药剂浸种的处理。调查发现,种薯或苗床带菌会使萌发的嫩芽受黑斑病菌感染,引起死苗、生长停滞和薯苗带菌,是产苗量减少的主要原因。25%肟菌·异菌脲悬浮剂浸种可减少薯苗发病,增加产苗量。

不同浓度柠檬酸溶液浸泡处理对带壳方竹鲜笋采后贮藏品质的影响

为探究柠檬酸溶液对带壳方竹鲜笋采后的保鲜效果,以带壳方竹鲜笋为试验材料,将采挖后的方竹鲜笋分组浸泡于蒸馏水、1%、4%、7%和10%的柠檬酸水溶液中3 min,取出后沥干表面水分,然后将其贮藏于(1.0±0.3)℃保鲜库内60 d,每15 d测定一次相关指标,以探索不同浓度的柠檬酸溶液对带壳方竹鲜笋的保鲜效果。结果表明,柠檬酸处理能有效降低方竹鲜笋的腐烂率、褐变率、失重率和呼吸强度,其中,LMS-7处理组在贮藏到60 d时,腐烂率、褐变率分别为25.32%和27.54%,而对照组的腐烂率(54.42%)为其2.15倍,褐变率(62.34%)为其2.26倍,此外,柠檬酸处理还能延缓方竹鲜笋中部和顶部硬度的上升,贮藏后期还能维持多酚、VC、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白的含量,贮藏60 d时,LMS-7处理组的VC含量(1.63 mg/100 g)是对照组(1.07 mg/100 g)的1.52倍。因此,采用柠檬酸处理带壳方竹鲜笋,能有效提升方竹鲜笋贮藏期间的品质,其中,以质量分数为7%的柠檬酸溶液处理综合效果最好。

汽车用镁合金的表面改性及耐蚀性能研究

采用旋涂法在汽车用镁合金表面制备了4种改性涂层(不含有机改性硅酸盐涂层和有机改性硅酸盐涂层),对比分析了改性涂层的显微形貌以及在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡不同时间后的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,相较镁合金基体,浸泡前的不含有机改性硅酸盐涂层A试样和浸泡1 d~9 d的涂层试样的腐蚀电位都正移,腐蚀电流密度明显减小,涂层A的耐腐蚀性能明显优于镁合金基体;4种改性涂层的腐蚀电位都相较镁合金基体发生正向移动,且有机改性硅酸盐涂层(涂层B、涂层C和涂层D)的腐蚀电位都比涂层A更正、腐蚀电流密度相较涂层A更小,腐蚀电流密度从小至大顺序为:涂层C<涂层D<涂层B<涂层A<基体。随着浸泡时间的延长,4种改性涂层的腐蚀电流密度都在增加,但相同浸泡时间下,涂层B和涂层C的腐蚀倾向相比涂层A更小、腐蚀速率相比涂层A较慢,且涂层C(KH-570/BTMSE=3/2)具有最佳的耐蚀性能。