Can soil organic carbon sequestration and the carbon management index be improved by changing the film mulching methods in the semiarid region?

Plastic film mulching has been widely used to increase maize yield in the semiarid area of China.However, whether long-term plastic film mulching is conducive to agricultural sustainability in this region remains controversial.A field experiment was initiated in 2013 with five different film mulching methods:(i) control method, flat planting without mulching (CK),(ii) flat planting with half film mulching (P),(iii) film mulching on ridges and planting in narrow furrows(S),(iv) full film mulching on double ridges (D), and (v) film mulching on ridges and planting in wide furrows (R).The effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) content, storage, and fractions, and on the carbon management index (CMI)were evaluated after nine consecutive years of plastic film mulching.The results showed that long-term plastic film mulching generally maintained the initial SOC level.Compared with no mulching, plastic film mulching increased the average crop yield, biomass yield, and root biomass by 48.38, 35.06, and 37.32%, respectively, which led to the improvement of SOC sequestration.Specifically, plastic film mulching significantly improved CMI, and increased the SOC content by 13.59%, SOC storage by 7.47%and easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) by 13.78%on average,but it reduced the other labile fractions.SOC sequestration and CMI were improved by refining the plastic film mulching methods.The S treatment had the best effect among the four mulching methods, so it can be used as a reasonable film mulching method for sustainable agricultural development in the semiarid area.

One-off Mechanized Fertilization for Maize in Semiarid Area of Jilin Province

Under the soil and climate conditions in semi-arid area of Jilin Province, the growth and development, yield and its components of maize under one-off fertilization and traditional fertilization were compared and analyzed in this study. The results showed that, under the same field management, the two fertilization methods had no effect on the time when maize plants grew into each growth stage; the one-off fertilization was slightly better than the traditional fertilization in dry weight of each part of the plant, ear traits and yield; and the values of the two methods of fertilization varied from each other and were unstable. In production, the one-off fertilization saves the top dressing process, simplifes the operation process and reduces the production input, which is of great signifcance to the development of modern agriculture.

Simulation of the Bare Soil Surface Energy Balance at the Tongyu Reference Site in Semiarid Area of North China

The performance of a I-D soil model in a semiarid area of North China was investigated using observational data from a cropland station at the Tongyu reference site of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period （CEOP） during the non-growing period, when the ground surface was covered with bare soil. Comparisons between simulated and observed soil surface energy balance components as well as soil temperatures and water contents were conducted to validate the soil model. Results show that the soil model could produce good simulations of soil surface temperature, net radiation flux, and sensible heat flux against observed values with the RMSE of 1.54℃, 7.71 W m^-2, and 27.79 W m^-2, respectively. The simulated volumetric soil water content is close to the observed values at various depths with the maximal difference between them being 0.03. Simulated latent heat and ground heat fluxes have relatively larger errors in relative to net radiation and sensible heat flux. In conclusion, the soil model has good capacity to simulate the bare soil surface energy balance at the Tongyu cropland station and needs to be further tested in longer period and at more sites in semiarid areas.

Surface Regional Heat(Cool) Island Effect and Its Diurnal Differences in Arid and Semiarid Resource-based Urban Agglomerations

With the rapid development of urban agglomerations in northwest arid and semiarid regions of China, the scope of the urban heat island(UHI) effect has gradually expanded and gradually connected, and has formed a regional heat island(RHI) with a larger range of impact to the regional environment. However, there are few studies on the heat island effect of urban agglomerations in arid and semiarid regions, so this paper selects the urban agglomeration of Hohhot, Baotou and Ordos(HBO) of Inner Mongolia, China as the study area. Based on the 8-day composite Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) surface temperature data(156scenes in all) and land use maps for 2005, 2010, and 2015, we analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of regional heat(cool) islands(RH(C)I) and the responses of surface temperatures to land-use changes in the diurnal and interannual surface cities. The results showed that: 1) from 2005 to 2015, urban areas showed the cold island effect during the day, with the area of the cold island showing a shrinking feature;at night, they showed the heat island effect, with the area of the heat island showing a first decrease and then an increase.2) From 2005 to 2015, the land development(unutilized land to building land) brings the greatest temperature increase(ΔT = 1.36°C)during the day, while the greatest temperature change at night corresponds to the conversion of cultivated land to building land(ΔT =0.78°C) exhibited the largest changes at night. From 2010 to 2015, the land development(grassland to building land) bring the greatest temperature increase(ΔT = 0.85°C) during the day, while the great temperature change at night corresponds to the conversion of water areas to building land(ΔT = 1.38°C) exhibited the largest changes at night. Exploring the spatial and temporal evolution of surface urban heat(cool) islands in urban agglomerations in arid and semiarid regions will help to understand the urbanization characteristics of urban agglomerations and provide a reference for the formulation of policies for the coordinated and healthy development of the region and co-governance of regional environmental problems.

内蒙古半干旱区气溶胶散射特性及影响因素

利用2020年7月9日至2023年7月8日锡林浩特市散射系数、黑碳(BC)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)质量浓度以及气象要素观测资料,从气溶胶散射特性的时间变化、概率密度分布、与不同类型气溶胶和气象因子的相关程度等方面展开分析,并针对该地区开展散射系数等级划分。结果表明:(1)该地区气溶胶散射能力整体水平较低,但是春季沙尘输送、冬季及夜晚逆温出现频率较高会造成该地区气溶胶散射能力的明显增强。(2)粒径越小的气溶胶与散射系数的相关程度越高,与散射系数的相关系数大小依次为BC>PM_(2.5)>PM_(10),但同时具有季节差异性,此外秋、冬季硝酸盐颗粒是造成该地区散射能力增强的重要因素,夏、秋、冬季硫酸盐颗粒对该地区的散射能力也具有一定贡献。(3)以相关系数的增幅作为当前气象因素对散射系数的贡献率,得到当前气象因素对散射系数的贡献率在1%~2%之间。

高寒半干旱区沙地植被土壤水分变化特征及其影响因素

为揭示高寒半干旱区不同降雨强度对植被差异下沙化土地土壤含水量变化过程的影响。以青海共和盆地东缘黄沙头乔木、灌木和裸地为研究对象,基于2020、2021和2022年5月—9月植物生长季土壤含水量、降雨量和细根分布监测数据,分析2020年、2021年、2022年各生境0—200 cm深度土壤水分对小雨、中雨、大雨的响应。连续动态监测结果表明,大雨、中雨条件下,随土层深度的增加土壤水分对降雨的响应时间延长。乔木林和灌木林土壤水分对中雨、大雨最大响应深度为70 cm、100 cm,裸地对中雨、大雨最大响应深度为50 cm、100 cm。随土层深度的增加,小雨对乔木、灌木、裸地土壤水分的补充作用逐渐降低;中雨对灌木林土壤水分的补充作用逐渐降低,乔木林与之相反;大雨时乔木林、灌木林变异系数呈现S型变化,因此大雨对其土壤水分的补充存在明显的分层利用现象。不同植被类型土壤水分空间变化差异以及对降雨的响应受植被冠层截留对降水再分配的影响,土壤含水量与环境因子间的主成分分析表明,郁闭度、叶面积指数、150—200 cm土壤容重、细根生物量密度、根表面积密度、根长密度、比根长是反映研究区土壤水分的显著因子(P<0.05)。研究表明不同降雨强度植被土壤含水量存在明显差异,高寒半干旱区沙化土地乔、灌植被的建植可提升深层土壤储水能力;结果可为沙化土地恢复和水土流失防控提供科学依据。

Morphometry and Mineral Content in the Seeds and Soil of Two Species of Argemone L.(Papaveraceae)in the Central Part of the Chihuahuan Desert

The genus Argemone L.(Papaveraceae)is found widely distributed in Mexico’s Chihuahuan Desert(CD).Some species of this genus are of phytochemical or ethnobotanical interest.They are inedible plants considered as scrubs.To date they have not been broadly studied;thus,their ecology is,to our knowledge,unknown.The present work was centered around carrying out a morphometric analysis and the determination of minerals in the soil and seeds of the wild populations of Argemone at sites belonging to two ecoregions of the CD in Mexico.In April 2021 and April 2022,seeds of Argemone spp.,and soil samples were collected at 10 sites of the CD.The seeds were selected under a randomized design,and weight,length,diameter,thickness,buoyancy,and mineral content were determined.The soil samples were obtained under the Mexican regulation NOM-021-RECNAT-2000,and determinations of mineral content,electrical conductivity,apparent density,and soluble anions were performed.The information obtained was grouped by variable,species,and place of precedence.The statistical tests consisted of an ANOVA,Tukey means tests considering p≤0.05,and a Principal Components Analysis.Argemone pleiacantha exhibited differences in terms of weight(F=54.79,p=0.001),length(F=90.83,p=0.001),thickness(F=104.89,p=0.001),and diameter(F=155.82,p=0.001),and the differences in Argemone mexicana were in weight(F=46.71,p=0.001),thickness(F=187.49,p=0.001),length(F=191.56,p=0.001),and diameter(F=215.83,p=0.001).The evaluated seeds reached their maximal imbibition velocity at 24 h of evaluation.The content of the micro-and macro-nutrients analyzed in the seeds and soil suggest a tight relation with the morphometric characteristics of the seeds.

基于同位素的神东矿区植物吸水深度及生态水位研究

为了研究神东矿区煤炭开采造成的地下水位下降是否会对地表植被的生存产生威胁,以神东矿区分布最广泛的植物沙蒿为研究对象,采用水稳定同位素示踪技术研究神东矿区成年沙蒿的根系吸水深度,通过MixSIAR同位素混合模型分析成年沙蒿的土壤水分吸收策略。结果显示,研究区成年沙蒿的吸水的极限深度为2.5~3 m,沙蒿会较均匀的吸收不同深度的土壤水分,但其水分利用策略也会受到土壤含水率高低的影响。该研究揭示了研究区成年沙蒿的根系吸水深度和水分利用策略,从植物角度说明了该区域生态水位的下限是2.5~3 m。

半干旱黄土丘陵区典型植被土壤养分含量及其分布特征

以甘肃定西龙滩流域8种典型植被为研究对象,对其3个土层深度的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值进行测定,探讨植被与土壤养分间的关系。结果表明:植被类型主要影响土壤全磷、全钾和速效钾含量及分布,且不同植被间差异显著(p<0.05);土层深度主要影响土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾的含量及分布,而且在不同土层间差异显著(p<0.05)。不同植被间土壤养分分布规律不明显,但不同土层间土壤养分表层聚集效应明显,总体上随土层深度的增加而不断下降。在不同植被和不同土层下土壤养分变异性差异很大,其变异系数由大到小依次为速效磷(>45%)>有机质、全氮、碱解氮(>30%)>速效钾(>15%)>全磷、全钾(<4%)>pH值(<2%)。相关分析表明,pH值与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),而有机质、全氮、碱解氮相互间呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01)。在半干旱黄土丘陵区,植被类型和土层深度对土壤pH值和土壤养分含量及分布均有影响,但不同植被对各养分的影响效果并不一样;在今后植被恢复中,应多采用草灌林结合来建人工植被,以使黄土丘陵区复杂多样的土壤生态系统得到健康、持久的发展。

Soil mulching can mitigate soil water defi ciency impacts on rainfed maize production in semiarid environments

Temporally irregular rainfall distribution and inefficient rainwater management create severe constraints on crop production in rainfed semiarid areas. Gravel and plastic film mulching are effective methods for improving agricultural productivity and water utilization. However, the effects of these mulching practices on soil water supply and plant water use associated with crop yield are not well understood. A 3-yr study was conducted to analyze the occurrence and distribution of dry spells in a semiarid region of Northwest China and to evaluate the effects of non-mulching （CK）, gravel mulching （GM） and plastic film mulching （FM） on the soil water supply, plant water use and maize （Zea mays L.） grain yield. Rainfall analysis showed that dry spells of ≥5 days occurred frequently in each of 3 yr, accounting for 59.9-69.2% of the maize growing periods. The 〉15-d dry spells during the jointing stage would expose maize plants to particularly severe water stress. Compared with the CK treatment, both the GM and FM treatments markedly increased soil water storage during the early growing season. In general, the total evapotranspiration （ET） was not significantly different among the three treatments, but the mulched treatments significantly increased the ratio of pre- to post-silking ET, which was closely associated with yield improvement. As a result, the grain yield significantly increased by 17.1, 70.3 and 16.7% for the GM treatment and by 28.3, 87.6 and 38.2% for the FM treatment in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. It＇s concluded that both GM and FM are effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of water deficit and improving maize production in semiarid areas. However. FM is more effective than GM.

Potato yield gaps across the rainfed Yin-mountain Hilly Area of China

Yin-mountain Hilly Area is one of the ideal regions for potato （Solanum tuberosum） production in China. However, potato yield is severely limited as a result of rain-fed crop mode due to water deficiency, as well as an inadequate farming practices. In this study, yield gaps were determined by using attainable yield （Ya） as a benchmark under optimized management practices, i.e., micro-ridge and side planting with plastic-mulching （MS）, and flat planting with plastic-mulching （PM）. The yields under MS and PM modes are defined as Yal and Ya2, respectively. Under the same field with MS and PM modes but different densities and fertilizer usages and so on, it was defined as simulated farmers＇ practices. The yield of simulated farmers＇ practices （Yfl） reached 57.3 and 69.6% of Yal and Ya2, respectively, while the average yield of 298 randomly surveyed farmers （Yf2） reached only 37.0 and 47.8% of Yal and Ya2 for rain-fed potato, respectively. The gaps of water use efficiency exhibited similar pattern. Further analysis shows that improper measures in rainwater conservation and accumulation, and other management practices contributed to 18.5, 18.2, and 42.6% of yield gap between Yal and Yf2. Improper nutrition management, including overuse of nitrogen and the deficiency of phosphorus andpotassium supplication, was one of the important reasons of yield gap. The results indicate the possibilities of increasing rain-fed potato yields by optimized water and fertilizermanagements in the Yin-mountain Hilly Area.

Response of density-related fine root production to soil and leaf traits in coniferous and broad-leaved plantations in the semiarid loess hilly region of China

Fine roots are the most active and functional component of root systems and play a significant role in the acquisition of soil resources. Density is an important structural factor in forest plantations but information on changes in fine roots along a density gradient is limited. In this study, plantations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) with four density classes were analyzed for the influence of soil and leaf traits on fine root growth. Fine root biomass increased with stand density. High fine root biomass was achieved through increases in the fine root production and turnover rate in the high-density black locust plantations and through an increase in fine root production in the pine plantations. In the high-density Chinese pine stand, there was a high fine root turnover which, coupled with high fine root production, contributed to a high fine root biomass. Overall, fine root production and turnover rate were closely related to soil volumetric water content in both kinds of plantations, while fine root biomass, especially the component of necromass, was related to soil nutrient status, which refers to phosphorous content in black locust plantations and nitrogen content in Chinese pine plantations. There was a close linkage between leaf area index and fine root dynamics in the black locust plantations but not in the pine plantations.

REGULATING THE INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE IS AN PRINCIPAL APPROACH TO THE ENVIONMENT ADMINISTRATION IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS

1. The crux of the environment administration problem is theeconomic development As we Know that the evolution of environment is not only due to Nature itself, but al-so to human being particularly. In the course of history, the Loess Plateau in China, oncewoody and rich in plants has now become a serious soil-erosion area on which lies thou-

Evaluation of Combined Landscape Restoration Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Semiarid Regions of Burkina Faso

Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR practices, mainly developed in semiarid regions, on SOCs. The SOCs, soil texture, bulk density (ρ), pH, CO2 emissions, and herbaceous biomass were determined at a 0 - 30 cm depth. The experimental design comprised degraded land without FLR practices and three sets of combined FLR practices. These practices included “zaï” + stone bunds + organic manure + assisted natural regeneration (ANR) used to convert degraded land into forest (GF) and cropland (PARL);“zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR used to convert degraded land into cropland (OARL) and “zaï”+ stone bunds + organic manure used to convert degraded land into cropland (KARL). SOCs were highest (20.02 t C ha−1) under OARL compared with the other combinations of FLR practices. SOCs increased by 99% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1), 58% (+0.3 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) and 13% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under GF, OARL and KARL, respectively, and decreased by 15% (−0.1 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under PARL. This study provides additional information explaining SOC variation in restored degraded land through the implementation of a combination of FLR practices. This is useful for recommending the combination “zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR to improve SOCs in the semiarid agroecosystem.

锡林浩特多年生草本根部导管性状与植株生态策略的相关特征

干旱半干旱区植物的木质部输水系统对维持植物生长发育有重要作用。以中国干旱半干旱区的草本植物为研究对象,旨在探究草本物种根系导管解剖结构与植物生长之间的关系。用石蜡切片法,将在锡林浩特草原采集的草本物种的主根样品制作成切片,得到固定面积内导管解剖结构参量(导管数量、导管分数、平均导管面积、平均水力传导率和水力直径),然后用逐步回归法和Pearson相关分析各导管解剖性状与植物生长特征(年龄、生长速率和平均高度)之间的关系。结果发现(1)生长速率与导管数量(R=-0.494,P<0.01)和导管分数(R=-0.255,P<0.05)显著负相关,与平均导管面积(R=0.274,P<0.05)、平均水力传导率(R=0.263,P<0.05)和水力直径(R=0.245,P<0.05)显著正相关,表明生长快的草本具有大而少的导管,需要较高的水分传输能力,而生长慢的草本具有小而多的导管,水力安全性较高;(2)植株的高度与导管数量(R=-0.354,P<0.01)显著负相关,与平均导管面积(R=0.293,P<0.05)、平均水力传导率(R=0.289,P<0.05)和水力直径(R=0.278,P<0.05)显著正相关,表明高大的植株以较少的导管补偿较大的导管以维持一定的机械强度,而矮小植株的水力安全性较高。

铁锌肥对陇中旱农区马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响

【目的】通过大田试验,研究铁、锌肥施用量对马铃薯光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量的影响,以期为黄土高原马铃薯产量的提升提供理论参考和技术支撑。【方法】选用当地主栽品种新大坪为供试材料,处理包括3个施铁量Fe_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、Fe_(1)(10 kg/hm^(2))、Fe_(2)(20 kg/hm^(2))和3个施锌量Zn_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、Zn_(1)(20 kg/hm^(2))和Zn_(2)(40 kg/hm^(2))。【结果】马铃薯叶面积指数在Fe_(0)Zn_(2)处理下达到最大值,较不施肥提高26.7%;Fe_(2)Zn_(2)马铃薯叶片SPAD值较不施肥提高21.0%;基施铁、锌肥可改善马铃薯光合特性,Fe_(0)Zn_(2)、Fe_(2)Zn_(0)和Fe_(2)Zn_(2)净光合速率较不施肥分别提高54.8%、54.8%、53.0%,产量较不施肥分别提高19.5%、15.0%、21.5%;Fe_(2)Zn_(2)处理马铃薯块茎铁、锌含量达到最大,较不施肥分别增加17.2%、13.8%。【结论】陇中旱农区马铃薯铁、锌肥单施适宜施量分别为20 kg/hm^(2)和40 kg/hm^(2),配施适宜施量分别为铁肥20 kg/hm^(2)、锌肥40 kg/hm^(2)。

银西铁路半干旱区路堤绿植生长状态研究

银西高铁宁夏段大部分路段位于半干旱区,区间路段风沙量大、积沙现象严重,路堤边坡植物常规建植期成活率较低,难以起到有效的防风固沙作用。结合银西高铁宁夏段当地区域工程特性、气象资料及土壤养分情况,提出了穴孔营养杯和三水浇灌的护苗措施;通过开展3月、4月、5月三期建植期对比试验,研究结果表明宁夏半干旱区春季3月不利于建植,而5月建植期植物成活率达到90.49%,密度达到3.25株/m~2,盖度提高为32.74%,三项生长状态指标均优于3月和4月建植期;通过对柠条、紫穗槐和四翅滨藜3种耐旱植物的优选试验,分别对其生长状态进行了对比分析,提出了各自优选的适用范围。研究成果为半干旱区路堤绿化工程提供了技术参考。

半干旱区旱地不同覆盖方式对糜子耗水和产量的影响

为探讨半干旱区旱地不同覆盖方式对糜子耗水特征和产量的影响,测定了全膜覆土穴播(PMS)、全膜覆盖穴播(PM)和露地穴播(CK)3种不同处理的糜子发育动态、0—200cm土壤水分季节变化、糜子地上生物量动态、产量和耗水量。2a的试验结果表明,地膜覆盖后糜子营养生长期缩短,生殖生长时期延长,但全生育期缩短;PMS处理的糜子的生育期较CK缩短12～13d,较PM延长10～11d。地膜覆盖使糜子拔节前0—200cm土层的土壤含水量增加,随糜子生育进程的推进,3种处理的耗水量依次为:PM>PMS>CK。在抽穗前,PM的地上生物量最大,其次为PMS,CK最小;在收获期,PMS的生物量和籽粒产量均显著高于PM。PM和PMS的产量较CK分别在2009和2010年提高了83.53%和64.56%,115.51%和84.47%;与PM处理相比,PMS的糜子产量在2009年和2010年提高了17.42%,18.18%,但两个处理的土壤耗水量在2a均无显著差异。因此,通过覆盖降低棵间蒸发是提高旱地糜子产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的主要途径。通过覆盖方式的选择来调控糜子的发育进程和耗水过程,对提高糜子产量和WUE也有重要意义。

半干旱区生态过程变化中土壤硝态氮累积及其在植物氮素营养中的作用

半干旱区农田生态系统石灰性土壤施入的氮肥和有机氮矿化产物,除植物吸收、微生物固定、粘土矿物固定、挥发损失和反硝化损失外,有相当一部分最终以NO3--N形态残存在土壤中。土壤剖面中的残留NO3--N通过对流和扩散等途径,逐渐向深层移动,脱离根区。影响土壤剖面NO3--N残留累积和淋溶的主要因素包括施氮量、植物吸氮量、前作收获后的植物残留物、氮肥种类、施氮方式和降雨量等。残留NO3--N本身具有很高的生物有效性,但能否被植物吸收利用,关键在于残留NO3--N所在深度及其是否能够到达根区。在半干旱区降雨量较高的雨季,NO3--N向深层移动,而在较干旱条件下即使土壤剖面深层NO3--N,也可随水分上移供根系利用,因此土壤剖面中累积的残留NO3--N显著影响氮肥肥效果,许多地方用一定深度土层中累积的NO3--N作为土壤供氮指标,以减少NO3--N的淋溶损失和提高氮肥肥效。过去对半干旱地区土壤剖面中NO3--N的研究主要涉及3方面,一是土壤剖面中NO3--N的残留累积及其影响因素,二是与根系分布深度相适应土层中残留NO3--N对氮肥肥效的影响,三是根据土壤剖面中的残留NO3--N确定农田作物施氮量。在分析过去研究结果的基础上,提出了今后需进一步深入研究的科学问题。

半干旱区不同覆盖方式对豌豆耗水和产量的影响

为探讨半干旱区旱地不同覆盖方式对豌豆耗水特征、产量以及土壤含水量的影响,连续2年测定并研究了全膜覆土穴播（PMS）、全膜覆盖穴播（PM）和露地穴播（CK）3种不同处理的豌豆发育动态、0～200 cm土壤水分季节变化、豌豆地上生物量动态、产量和耗水量。结果表明：PMS处理使豌豆营养生长期缩短,生殖生长期延长,并延长全生育期天数,PMS处理的豌豆生育期在2011、2012年分别较CK延长了12 d和7 d,较PM分别延长了17d和13 d;地膜覆盖使豌豆全生育期0～200 cm土层的土壤含水量增加,但3种处理全生育期的耗水量无显著差异;在开花前,PM的地上生物量最大,其次为PMS,CK最小,在收获期,PMS的生物量和籽粒产量均显著高于PM;PM和PMS的产量较CK分别在2011、2012年提高了50.8%和27.2%、70.3%和30.3%,与PM处理相比,PMS的豌豆产量在2011、2012年提高了12.9%、5.6%,但2个处理的土壤耗水量在2年均无显著差异。尤其重要的是,地膜覆盖种植2年豌豆后,PM和PMS的土壤贮水量较CK提高了89.3 mm和95.7 mm。因此,通过覆盖降低棵间蒸发是提高旱地豌豆产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的主要途径。