Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

基于Count Sketch的预处理贪婪Kaczmarz方法

在贪婪Kaczmarz方法中,通过对系数矩阵进行正交三角分解引入右预处理子能够提高贪婪Kaczmarz方法的收敛速率。但在系数矩阵的行数远大于列数的情况下,正交三角分解的成本过高。为降低预处理的成本,通过引入Count Sketch变换,提出了基于Count Sketch的预处理贪婪Kaczmarz方法,并对新方法进行了收敛性分析。理论分析说明了新方法在系数矩阵条件数较大时比已有方法具有更好的收敛速率。数值实验验证了新方法的有效性。

A Successive Shift Box-Counting Method for Calculating Fractal Dimensions and Its Application in Identification of Faults

Fractal dimensions of a terrain quantitatively describe the self-organizedstructure of the terrain geometry. However, the local topographic variation cannot be illustrated bythe conventional box-counting method. This paper proposes a successive shift box-counting method,in which the studied object is divided into small sub-objects that are composed of a series of gridsaccording to its characteristic scaling. The terrain fractal dimensions in the grids are calculatedwith the successive shift box-counting method and the scattered points with values of fractaldimensions are obtained. The present research shows that the planar variation of fractal dimensionsis well consistent with fault traces and geological boundaries.

Improved Data Processing of Loading Spectrum for Applications of Rainflow Counting Method

The rainflow counting method is a reasonable cyclecounting procedure for fatigue life calculation and simulation testing of structures.It defines cycles as closed stress /strain hysteresis loops.Application of the rainflow counting method requires a data processing of the loading spectrum,which consists of the elimination of non-peak value data points,load time histories adjustment and loop extraction.In the data processing of the loading spectrum,if a stress point is neither the peak nor the valley,it will be identified and eliminated from the loading spectrum.Generally,the loading process is idealized as a single peak-valley straight line.But in actually,there are polylines or nearly straight lines between peaks and valleys which can't be ignored.Therefore,in the process of eliminating such data points,it will produce error in method itself.To reduce the error produced by the traditional method itself,a new method which can well simplify the polylines in data processing of loading spectrum is proposed in this paper.Comparing with the original approximation method,the proposed method has higher precision.

The Study on Taxonomic Status of Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii Based on Scale Counting Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further investigate the taxonomic status of Hainan population of Trimeresurus stejnegeri from the morphological point of view.[Methods]The difference coefficients between different populations were compared using the 75% law,and the relationship between scales and latitudes was analyzed.[Results] The scales(abdominal and subcaudal) of 325 Trimeresurus individuals were counted according to China Animal Fauna,including156 T.stejnegeri individuals.Some difference coefficients between the Hainan population and others were greater than 1.28,and there was no correlation between the number of scales and latitude.It conforms to subclassification criteria.[Conclusions]The view about the subspecies status of T.stejnegeri chenbihuii should be supported.

ON THE LATTICE PATH METHOD IN CONVOLUTION-TYPE COMBINATORIAL IDENTITIES(Ⅱ)—THE WEIGHTED COUNTING FUNCTION METHOD ON LATTICE PATHS

An independent method for paper [10] is presented. Weighted lattice paths are enumerated by counting function which is a natural extension of Gaussian multinomial coefficient in the case of unrestricted paths. Convolutions for path counts are investigated, which yields some Vandcrmondc-type identities for multinomial and q-multinomial coefficients.

A Count Sketch Maximal Weighted Residual Kaczmarz Method with Oblique Projection for Highly Overdetermined Linear Systems

Motivated by the count sketch maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz (CS-MWRK) method presented by Zhang and Li (Appl. Math. Comput., 410, 126486), we combine the count sketch tech with the maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz Method with Oblique Projection (MWRKO) constructed by Wang, Li, Bao and Liu (arXiv: 2106.13606) to develop a new method for solving highly overdetermined linear systems. The convergence rate of the new method is analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that our method performs better in computing time compared with the CS-MWRK and MWRKO methods.

弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏识别仿真

弧形绝缘子金属连接环通常安装在电力设备上,由于其所处的环境复杂,且存在各种环境干扰因素的影响,使得其局部出现机械损坏时,识别结果不准确。为了精准识别连接环局部机械损坏,提出一种弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏识别方法。通过形态学开—闭重构运算对弧形绝缘子金属连接环图像展开建模,使用差分运算获取差分图像,并结合最大熵值法对其分割。根据弧形绝缘子金属连接环的特点,排除非损伤部分对图像识别的干扰。采用基于分形理论的差分盒维法,将图像划分为多个子块并计算其分形维数值,并判断图像是否在数值范围内,从而实现对连接环局部机械损坏的识别。实验结果表明,所提方法可以精准识别弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏,具有比较强的适用性。

鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立与比较

为建立鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒(MDV HVT)的间接免疫荧光方法,将MDV HVT病毒接种96孔细胞板培养(CEF),72 h后用鸡抗马立克氏病病毒阳性血清作为一抗和兔抗鸡荧光抗体作为二抗,对反应条件进行优化,建立了间接免疫荧光方法(IFA)。并与经典的马立克蚀斑计数方法进行病毒滴度的测定比较,运用统计学方法分析,P小于0.05,相关系数为0.995,说明两种方法相关性很好,两种方法均可用于马立克氏病病毒的滴度测定。IFA方法较蚀斑计数方法操作简便快捷,可代替蚀斑计数方法用于马立克氏病活疫苗的病毒含量的初步测定,同时为2025年版《中国兽药典》马立克氏病活疫苗增加IFA鉴别检验方法积累实验数据。

基于损伤等效的直立锁边屋面板动态抗风揭试验方法

围护结构在台风等极端风下的抗风性能需要依靠动态试验测定,试验周期长导致成本高且模拟研究受限。基于直立锁边屋面板材料的损伤本构模型,通过疲劳分析研究荷载幅值对材料损伤影响,提出简化荷载序列组合。借助雨流计数法统计测点风压时程得到基于损伤等效的简化荷载循环,提出动态抗风揭试验方法。参照不同试验方法开展抗风揭试验,通过对比发现,试验方法对屋面板风揭破坏过程影响不明显。除永久塑性变形外,该文试验方法与现有试验方法下屋面板损坏现象基本一致,屋面板均为撕裂破坏。不同试验方法下屋面板承载力差异在10%~20%间。该文试验方法加载周期小于1h,现有试验方法加载周期则大于20h。在屋面板风揭破坏过程、承载力等抗风揭性能差异不大情况下,该文试验方法可大幅降低试验周期,为开展模拟研究奠定基础。

基于深度学习的弱反馈自混合干涉信号滤波方法

采集激光自混合干涉信号的过程中会受到环境和电路噪声的干扰,导致信号失真。为了去掉噪声,最大限度保留原信号特征,提出了基于深度学习的自混合干涉滤波方法,该方法适用于弱反馈条件。使用自编码器作为神经网络,用加入噪声的信号作为输入,未加噪声的信号作为输出来训练网络。仿真结果表明:该方法处理含噪声自混合干涉信号时不仅能提高含噪声信号的信噪比,还能很好地保留干涉条纹的波形特征,即条纹的倾斜方向。实验中,使用深度学习方法滤波,再用条纹计数法进行位移重构,结果表明该方法对弱反馈条件下的自混合干涉信号有较好的滤波效果。

一种改进的行人航迹推算算法研究

针对行人在室内定位不准确的问题,提出一种改进的行人航迹推算算法。在步数检测阶段,提出一种基于运动分割的三阈值峰值检测法,实现了行人在不同运动状态下步数的精准检测。通过使用改进的Weinberg模型实现步长估算。并提出一种基于主方向假设的航向角修正算法,实现行人的航向角修正。最后综合步数、步长和航向角信息实现室内行人的航迹推算。实验结果表明,改进的行人航迹推算算法在室内有较好的稳定性,在室内的平均定位误差<5%,较传统PDR算法在平均定位误差上降低了9.53%,提高了行人在室内定位的精度。

基于频域分析的机载液压驱动装置疲劳寿命预测方法研究

目的 采用时域雨流法和4种频域振动疲劳分析方法对机载液压驱动装置的危险部位进行寿命预测及频域方法适用性研究。方法 首先通过有限元随机振动分析得到该结构耳片危险区域的应力PSD,计算的谱宽系数都集中在0.3~0.35,是窄带和宽带分界区域。然后运用4种典型的载荷谱估计模型,即三区间法、基于Dirlik雨流幅值经验模型、用于窄带过程的Rayleigh分布模型、Weibull分布模型,得到危险位置的疲劳寿命安全系数。接着将应力PSD映射为应力-时间序列,并基于雨流计数法得到疲劳寿命安全系数。最后以时域疲劳预测结果基准,对4种频域方法的适用性进行讨论。结果 预测结果显示,Dirlik方法预测的9个安全系数最为可靠,Rayleigh法结果一般,三区间法和Weibull法最差。结论 在窄带和宽带分界区域的谱宽系数,建议采用Dirlik方法,不建议采用三区间法和Weibull法。

基于改进YOLOv8的轻量化钢筋端面检测算法研究

【目的】解决端面密集、直径尺度不统一、端面边界粘连、端面与背景融合以及端面之间存在遮挡等问题下的钢筋精确计数。【方法】提出了一种改进的轻量化YOLOv8模型框架,引入了空间和通道重建卷积模块(SCConv)和针对小目标检测的归一化Wasserstein距离(NWD)损失函数。【结果】消融试验的结果表明,SCConv模块可以在大幅减少网络参数的情况下保持网络性能,而NWD损失函数可以有效提高钢筋端面检测模型的精度,为高精度、轻量化的钢筋计数问题提供有效的解决方案。

培养温度、时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数的影响

研究采用平板计数法,评估了两个团体标准(T/YNBX 024—2021,简称“云南团标”;T/CSWSL 022—2020,简称“北京团标”)操作步骤中微生物的培养温度、培养时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂的菌数检测结果的影响,旨在为确定饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂菌数检测的培养温度和时间提供参考。结果显示:无论采用云南团标、还是北京团标,在40℃/24 h“低温、短时”培养条件下,平板上无菌落生长,无菌数检出数据;50℃/24 h“高温、短时”培养的检出菌数显著高于40℃/48 h“低温、长时”(P<0.05),且50℃/24 h“高温、短时”与50℃/48 h“高温、长时”的检出菌数一致。本研究证明,平板计数法检测饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数受培养温度和时间影响,以培养温度为50℃、培养时间为24~48 h为宜。

分光光度法与活菌计数法测定副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度的相关性研究

为建立一种快速测定副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度的方法,本研究选取副鸡禽杆菌血清A、B和C型代表性菌株(CVCC254株、CVCC257株和CVCC256株),培养制备菌液,分别在450、540、600、650 nm波长测定其吸光度值(OD值),同时测定活菌计数值。回归分析两组数据,获取回归方程及标准曲线,分析回归方程的测定系数(R^(2))和标准曲线的点线离散度,确定最适测定波长。再选取不同培养时间点(10、12、14、16、18、20 h)的菌液,在最适波长下测定其OD值并代入回归方程获取活菌数,同时采用活菌计数法获取活菌计数值,将两组数据使用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,进一步验证分光光度法与活菌计数法测定菌液浓度的相关性。结果显示,3株菌液在600 nm波长测定的OD值与活菌计数值之间均呈最佳的线性关系,确定其菌液浓度最适测定波长均为600 nm,其回归方程分别为y=14.302x-0.1441(R^(2)=0.9962)、y=14.464x-0.2746(R^(2)=0.995)和y=14.681x-0.01326(R^(2)=0.9989),y为活菌计数值(×10^(8)CFU/mL),x为OD600值。3株培养至衰退期前的菌液在600 nm波长测定的OD值代入回归方程计算获得的活菌数值与其活菌计数值无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,衰退期前副鸡禽杆菌菌液的分光光度法与活菌计数法具有良好的相关性。因此,该分光光度法可用于快速测定衰退期前副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度。

页岩气生产液细菌计数方法对比研究

针对部分油气田服务企业以平板计数法、ATP荧光快速检测法代替绝迹稀释法(MPN)进行页岩气生产液中细菌含量检测的现象,将这三种细菌计数方法对相同样品的测定结果进行了对比研究。平板计数法与ATP荧光法操作均比MPN法简便,但是对于页岩气生产液,这两种方法均存在检测出的细菌类型不明确、计数结果不准确、线性关系差等缺点。平板计数法检测出的细菌主要为好氧或耐氧菌腐生菌,无法检测和鉴别与腐蚀密切相关的硫酸盐还原菌。ATP荧光法通过总菌的ATP含量换算得到细菌含量,该法目前更多用于医疗与食品行业的限制类细菌含量的快速检测,尚无明确标准可依,且无法区分菌体的死活。而MPN法可通过鉴别培养基将与腐蚀相关的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(IB)和腐生菌(TGB)分别培养后计数,且其检测限远低于另外两种方法,因此更适用于页岩气生产液中特定腐蚀菌种的检测。

Time-to-Count测量方法的应用研究

Time-to-Count方法是一种通过计算时间差来测量辐射强度的方法。通过控制加到探测元件上的高压,首先测量加上高压后到产生第一个脉冲计数之间的计数时间差,再根据计数时间差进一步计算出辐射强度。这种方法可以消除死时间、饱和电流和高端脉冲重叠等因素的影响,提高探测效率。利用蒙特卡罗方法对Time-to-Count测量方法进行计算机模拟,进一步证明Time-to-Count测量方法的可行性。

Time-to-Count方法扩展GM计数管量程的实验研究

GM计数管是一种应用广泛的核辐射探测器,但其线性量程范围较窄。本文分析了采用死时间模型和函数拟合修正方法扩展量程存在的不足,介绍了Time-to-Count方法的工作原理,给出了基于该方法的试验装置设计方案,对实现Time-to-Count方法的脉控高压驱动、时间间隔测量等进行了讨论。在国防科技工业电离辐射一级计量站的校准试验数据表明,试验装置采用单支G1220计数管,量程可扩展至5个数量级,全量程范围线性优于10%。

无源中子符合计数法测量MOX中钚质量铀干扰修正方法研究

无源中子符合计数法可以在不破坏MOX(mixed oxide)燃料的前提下,测量其中子信号进行符合分析而得出Pu含量,但在MOX燃料的测量应用过程中,Pu自发裂变中子会诱发U产生显著诱发中子信号,对于Pu的测量产生干扰。通过蒙特卡罗模拟与MSR数据处理方法,开展了无源中子符合计数法测量MOX燃料中Pu质量时U产生的诱发中子信号干扰比例模拟研究。模拟结果分别给出了U诱发信号干扰占比随MOX燃料样品PuO_(2)质量含量、密度、质量的变化关系,得到了明确的函数关系式。该方法适用于样品密度在1.5~9.0 g/cm^(3)、质量在10~500 g、PuO_(2)含量在1%~44%范围的MOX燃料无源中子符合计数法测量的修正,修正因子为0.64%~8.49%,适用于快堆及热堆以及不同生产阶段MOX燃料中U、Pu含量的测量分析。