An Unambiguity and Anti-Range Eclipse Method for PD Radar Using Biphase Coded Signals

Target detection is an important research content in the radar field.At present,efforts are being made to optimize the precision of detection information.In this paper,we use the high pulse repetition frequency(HPRF)transmission method and orthogonal biphase coded signals in each pulse to avoid velocity ambiguity and range ambiguity of radar detection.In addition,We also apply Walsh matrix and genetic algorithm(GA)to generate satisfying orthogonal biphase coded signals with low auto-correlation sidelobe peak and cross-correlation peak,which make the results more accurate.In a radar receiver,data rearrangement of echo signals is performed,and then pulse compression and moving target detection(MTD)are utilized to get the final velocity and range information of a target without velocity ambiguity and range ambiguity.Besides,a small transmitting pulse time width is adopted to reduce the working blind area,and two different high pulse repetition frequencies(HPRFs)are adopted to solve the problem of range eclipse.Simulation results finally prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

RANGE AMBIGUITY DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC OF SPACEBORNE SAR AND ITS DESIGN CONSIDERATION

A new approach is proposed which can satisfy the range ambiguity requirement while keep the antenna width not to be enlarged and get the high quality image also. Here the chirp slope of the transmitted linear frequency modulated pulses is reversed alternately. Therefore, during the range compression significant portion of the ambiguous return which is due to the mismatching with the signal reference function is suppressed. The suggested method provides significant improvement in range ambiguity ratio and can be utilized in attaining wider swath.

Range Ambiguity Elimination in a Short-Range FMCW Radar System

Modified implementation architecture for sinusoidal frequency modulation is introduced to extract the range information from the received radar echo. Range ambiguity problem arises because the range is calculated from the estimated phase of the received signal which is wrapped into （0, 2π]. By integrating Doppler frequency shifts, the variation of range can be estimated and used as an auxiliary information to help eliminating the corresponding range ambiguity. The performance of the new technique is evaluated by simulations. The results show that this technique is robust to sever phase noise and can be used effectively for ambiguity elimination of the modified sinusoidal frequency modulated continuous wave radar.

Multi-dimensional ambiguity function for subarray-based space-time coding radar

Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.

Joint adaptive waveform and baseline range design for bistatic radar

The problems of joint adaptive waveform design and baseline range design for bistatic radar to maximize the practical radar resolution were considered.Distinguishing from the conventional ambiguity function(AF)-based resolution which is only related with the transmitted waveform and bistatic geometry and could be regarded as the potential resolution of a bistatic radar system,the practical resolution involves the effect of waveform,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)as well as the measurement model.Thus,it is more practical and will have further significant application in target detection and tracking.The constraint optimization procedure of joint adaptive waveform design and baseline range design for maximizing the practical resolution of bistatic radar system under dynamic target scenario was devised.Simulation results show that the range and velocity resolution are enhanced according to the adaptive waveform and bistatic radar configuration.

Velocity measurement technique for high-speed targets based on digital fine spectral line tracking

Target vdocity and acceleration are two of the most important features for identification of warheads and decoys in ballistic missile defense phased array radar systems. Velocity compensation is also the necessary step for one-dimensional range profile imaging. According to the high-vdocity characteristics of ballistic objects and the low data rate of phased array radars with multiple target tracking, a fine spectral line digital velocity tracking frame is presented and a new method is developed to extract velocity error and resolve the velocity ambiguity in the measurement loop. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

AN APPROACH TO SUPPRESS SHORT-RANGE CLUTTER FOR NON-SIDE LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR

When the Airborne Early Warning(AEW) radar transmits medial or high Pulse Repetitive Frequency(PRF) signal,the range ambiguity occurs.The clutter of short-range clutter has serious range dependence problem for non-Side Looking Airborne Radar(non-SLAR).As a result,the clutter plus noise covariance matrix can not be estimated correctly,and the performance of clutter suppression obtained by Space-Time Adaptive Processing(STAP) degrades greatly.The uniform linear array has not elevation degrees;therefore,the short-range clutter can not be suppressed directly.A short-range clutter suppression method is proposed.The method first estimate the elevation angles of the ambiguous short-range gate,then eliminates short-range clutter by space time interpolation and adds moving target protection in the procedure.This method can suppress the short-range clutter well.Simulation results show the validity of the method.

High precision phase-domain radial velocity estimation for wideband radar systems

Radial velocity estimation used in wide-band radar systems is investigated.By analyzing the signal of cross-correlation output of adjacent echoes,it is found that the frequency and phase of the cross-correlation output are related to the target’s radial velocity.Since the precision of the phase estimation is higher than that of the frequency,a phase-based velocity estimator is proposed.However,the ambiguity problem exists in the phase estimators,and thus the estimation of the cross-correlation of adjacent echoes(CCAE)is used to calculate the ambiguity number.The root-mean-square-error(RMSE)of the proposed estimator is derived.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the frequency-based estimator.

重叠阵元时分复用MIMO雷达多目标参数估计方法研究

针对多普勒-角度耦合和速度模糊问题,该文提出一种基于重叠阵元MIMO阵列的多目标参数估计方法。该方法基于虚拟孔径原理,在传统MIMO天线阵列中引入重叠阵元,构建重叠阵元MIMO天线阵列。通过在角度快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法中引入循环迭代的方法估计阵列位置参数,利用重叠阵元回波信号的相位差值进行频率估计。同时,引入频谱搬移方法对速度区间进行转换,实现多目标的距离和速度估计。通过蒙特卡罗仿真实验,信噪比15 dB的条件下,解模糊正确率为100%,速度误差为0.1 m/s,角度误差为0.1°。基于城市交通场景采集的车辆数据集进行测试,测试结果表明,该方法能够实现对车辆目标的速度和角度精确估计,可满足交通雷达对车辆信息监测的实时性和准确性需求。

机载多载频频控阵非均匀距离模糊杂波抑制方法

机载雷达下视工作面临严重的地海杂波,雷达平台运动造成杂波多普勒频率严重扩散,将微弱目标完全淹没。空时自适应处理(space time adaptive processing,STAP)技术通过联合多天线脉冲的接收信号,能够有效地抑制杂波,实现运动目标检测。对于非正侧视阵列高速平台雷达,杂波距离依赖和距离模糊严重制约着目标检测性能。基于多载频频控阵,通过发射一组载频不同的正交信号,在杂波回波中,获得新的发射维自由度,并根据不同模糊在发射维的差异分离各模糊区域。此外,通过进一步对分离后的近程进行杂波补偿,利用降维STAP实现杂波抑制。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

新一代脉冲多普勒天气雷达信号处理相关设计

随着气象雷达技术的快速发展,对信号处理相关技术提出了更高的要求。针对某型脉冲多普勒天气雷达信号处理的技术要求,对信号处理/监控分系统中的NDSP板进行了相关设计。NDSP板采用DSP和FPGA作为主要功能芯片,集成了光纤接口、网络接口、静态随机存取存储器、同步动态随机存取存储器等。在NDSP板中,实现了滤波、数字视频积分处理、脉冲对处理、快速傅立叶变换、解速度模糊、解距离模糊、大动态拼接、信号处理自检等功能。通过在脉冲多普勒天气雷达整机上进行测试和连续运行,NDSP板能满足信号处理相关技术指标要求,并具有集成度高、性能稳定、故障率低等特点。

Multiple model particle flter track-before-detect for range ambiguous radar

The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.

Synthetic UWB Range Profile Using SFPTs and Class MUSIC for High-resolution Velocity Estimation

A method, called class multiple signal classification （CMUSIC）, is proposed to estimate high-resolution radial velocity in each pulse train （subband, i.e. narrowband） with M pulses based on stepped frequency pulse trains （SFPTs） signal. A synthetic ultra-wideband （UWB） high-resolution range profile （HRRP） is then obtained by fast Fourier transform （FFT） processing along the subbands after compensating the range-Doppler coupling and Doppler dispersion with the estimated velocity. Compared with the other methods, CMUSIC has fine performance of velocity estimation at low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） level. This method also has excellent performance with small Mas long as the requirement, i.e. Mis large than Q, is able to be fulfilled, where Q is the number of targets with different radial velocities. In addition, through a radial velocity resolving, the method can be well suitable for targets moving at high radial velocities, which has significant practical value with considerable progress made in the national defence technology and the advanced vehicles moving at high speed springing up. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

M序列编码调频定距引信抗干扰特性

对M序列编码调频定距引信抗干扰特性进行了研究。首先利用模糊函数分析三角波线性调频定距引信的抗干扰性能,接下来对M序列模糊函数进行分析,对M序列编码后的载频随机跳变三角波线性调频信号进行理论推导并分析其模糊函数。经过仿真验证,码元宽度一定时,M编码信号编码位数越多,伪码周期数越大,射频存储转发器产生的干扰信号与回波信号的相关性越弱,引信抗干扰性能越强。射频存储转发器存储发射信号并作为干扰信号的周期数越少,干扰与回波信号相关性越弱,引信抗干扰效果越好。

基于载波平滑伪码的高精度航天扩频体制测距技术

在航天扩频测控系统中,伪码测距技术可以有效避免相位模糊,但是码长也限制了其相位测量精度,而载波测距技术则具有更高的相位测量精度。针对扩频测控体制,提出了一种基于载波平滑伪码的高精度航天扩频体制测距技术,该技术利用锁相环获得的载波相位对伪码值进行平滑,在保留伪码测距无相位模糊特性的基础上进一步提升测量精度,从而减小测距接收机的随机误差。仿真结果和试验数据表明:该方法能有效提高星地测距精度,测量精度达到毫米量级,具有很强的实用价值。

汽车雷达多域联合调制波形

针对汽车雷达时分复用(time-division multiplexing,TDM)多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)波形中存在的时间空间利用率低及高速目标多普勒模糊等问题,提出一种多域联合调制的汽车雷达波形。该波形在时域上进行脉冲重复间隔参差抖动,利用奇偶序列之间相位差实现速度解模糊,在频域和空域上通过多天线间的多普勒频率调制实现波形正交,提高了时间空间发射效率。仿真实验及基于汽车雷达波形验证系统的实测结果均验证了所提波形的有效性,与传统TDM-MIMO波形对比,所提波形具有更大的不模糊测速范围和相参积累增益,不仅对汽车雷达工程实践具有较强的应用价值,而且对低成本导引或防撞探测系统同样具有指导意义。

跳频信号互模糊函数相参积累时差和速度差估计方法

在运动多站定位场景下,宽带跳频通信信号的载频跳变会产生变化的多普勒频移,因此无法直接利用跳频信号的多个不同脉冲估计多普勒频率差,若仅估计单个跳频脉冲的时频差,则精度低而无法满足定位要求。针对此问题,提出了一种基于互模糊函数相参积累的宽带跳频信号时差和多普勒速度差估计方法。首先将宽带跳频信号的多普勒效应差建模为多普勒速度差,从而无需对多普勒频差进行估计,避免载频跳变对多普勒效应差估计造成影响,并建立了时变时差的时差和速度差信号模型。然后对各单跳信号的互模糊函数进行相位补偿以实现相位对齐,通过对相参积累后的互模糊函数进行时差和速度差的二维峰值搜索,可以得到多跳频脉冲信号初始时刻时差和速度差的相参估计结果。最后以Link16数据链信号为例对算法进行了仿真实验,验证了算法的正确性与精度优势。

一种适用于MIMO雷达的距离-角度耦合去除新方法

在MIMO雷达中使用频分复用波形时,波束合成后会产生距离-角度耦合现象。为保证MIMO雷达测角、测距的正确性,需通过波形设计、信号处理等手段消除该耦合的影响。针对当前研究在该方面存在的不足,结合理论推导和仿真分析,提出一种去除距离-角度耦合的新方法。该方法通过先后发射顺序载频和逆序载频的两组正交波形,并对两组回波信号在时域进行复数相乘完成信号间的相位补偿,从而实现了数字波束合成后距离-角度耦合的消除。创新点在于推导出了频分复用MIMO雷达的模糊函数,给出了距离-角度耦合关系式,指出了距离-角度耦合的本质,并给出了一种有效的去除方法。通过仿真对该方法的探测性能进行了验证,结果表明,与传统MIMO雷达处理方法相比,该方法可以有效地去除距离-角度耦合,同时还降低了距离副瓣水平,具有较高的应用价值。

多普勒模糊下的FMCWMIMO雷达目标参数估计方法

近年来,随着智能驾驶技术的不断发展,毫米波雷达作为汽车安全控制系统的核心组件受到了广泛关注。时分复用(TDM)多输入多输出(MIMO)调频连续波(FMCW)雷达因具有低硬件成本和高角度分辨率的优势而被广泛应用于汽车雷达,但TDMMIMO在实际应用中还存在对运动目标检测易出现速度模糊和角度模糊问题,导致检测误差变大,对于自动驾驶场景存在一定的安全隐患。为解决上述TDM MIMO FMCW雷达存在检测误差高的问题,提出了在多普勒模糊下的FMCW MIMO雷达目标参数估计方法,在不增加额外硬件开销的前提下,可确保算法在低复杂度下提升监测的时效性,解决了速度模糊和相位偏移问题;利用加Kaiser窗FFT波束形成方法对目标角度进行测量,从而得到更精准的目标信息。仿真和实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

高速运动目标的越距离走动补偿

对于搜索转跟踪的雷达系统来说,跟踪模式下往往采用较大的带宽,并且如果目标运动速度过快,此时雷达回波会出现距离走动,从而影响到雷达的检测性能。Keystone变换是校正距离走动的常用方法,但须考虑速度模糊的情况。本文在雷达搜索模式下通过多重频法预先得到多普勒模糊度,并对跟踪模式下的回波信号进行处理来校正距离走动。仿真分析和实测数据处理结果表明了实现方法的有效性。