Simulation study on reconstruction model of three-dimensional temperature distribution within visible range in furnace

This paper presents a reconstruction model of three-dimensional temperature distribution in furnace based on radiative energy images captured by charge-coupled device （CCD） cameras within the visible wavelength range. Numerical simulation case was used in this study and a zigzag eccentric temperature distribution was assumed to verify the model. Least square QR-factorization （LSQR） method was introduced to deal with reconstruction equation. It is found that the reconstructed temperature distributions in low-temperature areas had some fluctuations and high-temperature areas were reconstructed well. The whole reconstruction relative error was mainly due to errors in low-temperature areas and the relative error for highest-temperature reconstruction was quite small.

The Distortion of Energy Deposit Distribution of (12)～C Ions in Water

The transport process of 12C ions in water was studied with SRIM code and Geant4 toolkit. The SRIM results indicate that the transverse diffusion of 12C ion beam causes distortion of energy deposit along the beam direction. The distortion becomes more notable as the transverse diffusion increases. The simulation results of Geant4 indicate that the influence of secondary fragments on energy deposit distribution would be the main factor causing the distortion in higher energy range. In the region adjacent to the beam line where the contribution from 12C ions domi- nates, the contributions from secondary fragments are ignorable. The further from the beam axis the region locates, the larger the contributions from secondary fragments, until the contributions from secondary fragments are ignorable. The further from the beam axis the region locates, the larger the contributions from secondary fragments, until the contributions from secondary frag- ments exceed that of 12C. Among all the secondary fragments, the contributions of H, He and B ions are mostly notable. It is also found that some positron-emitting secondary fragments could be very useful for position emitting tomography （PET）.

Simulation of distribution of radiation energy density in water balls

The distribution of energy deposition density in radiate region and its surrounding areas from γ-rays wassimulated and analyzed for a water-ball model with Geant4 package(Geant4.7.0,2005) developed by CERN (theCenter of European Research of Nucleus). The results show that the distribution depends strongly on the collimatingcondition of radiation beam. A well-collimated beam would reduce radiation effects on surrounding areas.

Energy deposition of γ-ray in different instances and its influence on energy detection

In this paper, we simulate γ -ray energy deposition for different incident energies with four different mod-els using the tool GEANT4(Geant4.7.0, 2005)developed by CERN (the Center of European Research of Nucleus). The results we obtained indicate that there are different peak values for different incident energies. That is, we can differentiate the incident energy accurately if the detector can determine the peak value accurately. This is meaningful for the geometrical configuration of the detector to get the most probable distribution (MPD) of energy deposition for different incident energies. According to the simulation, we can insert certain slices with large absorption coefficient to obtain a better MPD of energy deposition which will not alter the shape of the energy deposition.

面向规模化分布式可再生能源并网的群网协同互动优化方法

实现规模化分布式可再生能源接入下电网的稳定运行,是低碳化转型新形势下电网优化运行的重要研究方向。针对分布式可再生能源聚合形成集群参与电网优化运行带来的多主体性特点以及随机性问题,提出面向规模化分布式可再生能源并网的群网协同互动优化方法。首先,通过在灵活性资源的约束空间中构建高维内接长方体,形成表征灵活调节范围的可调功率域,通过构造可调功率域对可再生能源集群波动范围全覆盖的灵活性约束,使优化结果在可再生能源集群随机波动范围内全场景可行。然后,基于电网运行多主体的自利自主特性,构建满足同质个体并行优化、非同质个体串行优化要求的势博弈群网协同互动优化模型,提出与模型相适应的分布式优化方法与流程。最后,仿真算例表明,所提方法有效实现了多主体协同互动优化,并保障了优化结果的全场景可行。

增程式电动物流车队列的能量管理策略研究

以增程式电动物流车队列为研究对象,为提高整个队列的燃油经济性,从队列的协同自适应巡航控制和能量管理策略两方面进行研究。利用车对车通信和前车领航车跟随式通信拓扑结构,基于分布式模型预测控制,设计了以稳定性、舒适性和经济性为优化目标的协同自适应巡航控制器。将增程式电动物流车队列的能量管理策略描述为一个完全合作类型的多智能体强化学习问题,所有智能体共同探索在不同车辆状态下的最优控制动作,提出了基于多智能体强化学习的能量管理策略。仿真结果表明,所设计的生态协同自适应巡航控制策略能够有效地平衡车辆队列的稳定性和经济性。以动态规划为基准,与单智能体算法相比,基于多智能体深度确定性策略梯度算法的能量管理策略可以在显著提高学习速率的同时获得近似最优解。

水量调度对平原河网能量影响分析

平原河网水动力条件相对较差,水质问题较为突出,为改善平原河网地区水环境状况,选取江苏省无锡市滨湖河网2018年洪季和枯季19个断面水文水质监测数据,基于MIKE21滨湖河网水动力-水质模型及Python能量计算模型,探究能量耗散规律以及能量、水质间的关系,并确定最佳调水流量区间。结果表明:滨湖河网水质浓度与河流能量显著负相关;一定调水流量的增加使得河流总能量随之上升,能量到达阈值后,随调水流量的上升,河流总能量呈降低趋势;在能量目标层面上优选引调水方案,能有效协调引调水过程中存在的异质性因素,确定逐日最佳调水流量区间及河网总能量最佳区间,提供流量优化调控方案,保障平原河网水动力与水环境条件。

Zircon Hf Isotope Mapping for Understanding Crustal Architecture and Its Controls on Mineralization during Early Cretaceous in the Southern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

Voluminous Early Cretaceous granitoids and associated large-scale ore deposits are distributed within the southern Great Xing'an Range(SGXR),NE China.Based on previously published geochronology and zircon Hf-isotope data,Hf isotope mapping is undertaken to improve our understanding of crustal architecture and its controls on ore deposits.The ore-related Early Cretaceous granitoids were sourced predominantly from juvenile crust,with the involvement of variable proportions of ancient crustal materials.The crustal architecture,as inferred from Hf isotopic contour maps,indicates two distinct Hf isotopic domains in SGXR,including(1)a higher-ε_(Hf)(+7 to+11)juvenile crust containing minor ancient crustal material,and(2)a lower-ε_(Hf)(+2 to+6)juvenile crust containing a greater proportion of ancient crustal materials.The Hf isotopic maps identify links between crustal architecture and regional metallogeny.Copper deposits and other deposits with significant Cu production are restricted mainly to the higher-ε_(Hf)juvenile crustal regions in the northern and eastern SGXR.Deposits dominated by other metals(e.g.,Mo,Sn,W,Pb,Zn,and Ag)occur mainly in the lower-ε_(Hf)juvenile crustal regions in the southern and western SGXR.Interaction between juvenile crust-derived melts and ancient crustal components played an important role on the distribution of various ore metals.

考虑高斯能量分布的复杂表面航天器激光雷达散射特性分析

针对复杂表面航天器在激光雷达照射下散射特性模拟不准的问题,通过表面建模和激光特性修正进行了解决。该方法首先通过高斯能量分布法对激光光束模型进行修正;然后基于有限元的思想,针对航天器复杂表面非光滑、非连续以及多材质等特性,利用改进Z-buffer的消隐算法解决了复杂航天器表面建模问题;最后建立了面向激光雷达的复杂表面航天器激光雷达散射截面的计算方法。仿真分析表明:航天器不同姿态下的激光雷达散射截面精度提升了14 58%,为后续面向激光雷达的隐身设计奠定了基础。

Geant4 used in medical physics and hadrontherapy technique

This article mainly presents the application of Geant4 package (Geant4.7.0, 2005), developed by CERN (the Center of European Research of Nucleus), in medical physics and a novel technique, namely, hadrontherapy. The distribution of energy deposition in a water model by different radiation beams was also given. The results show that the distributions for proton beams are completely different from those for other radiation beams. Charged particles like protons exhibit little scattering when they penetrate the matter and give the highest energy deposition near the end of their range just before they reach the resting state. These characteristics permit very precise control of the shape of the energy distribution inside the patient’s body.

Probing Nuclei with High-Energy Hadronic Probes at Inverse Kinematics

Proton knockout reactions are a widely used tool to study nuclear ground-state distributions. While the interpretation of traditional experiments in direct kinematics has to account for initial and final state interactions, experiments in inverse kinematics can overcome such limitations. We discuss results of an experiment at the BM@N setup at JINR using a 12C beam at 48 GeV/c to study quasi-elastic scattering reactions, single proton distributions, and short-range correlated nucleon-nucleon pairs. The inverse kinematics allows for the direct measurement of the nucleon-nucleon pair center-of-mass motion and provides first experimental evidence for scale separation of such pairs. Based on these results, we will in the future study neutron-rich nuclei in inverse kinematics in the context of short-range correlations and neutron stars.

基于激光测距的三维激光雷达成像系统设计

为了通过激光测距获取目标的三维图像,本文研究了三维激光雷达的基本工作原理、器件选型与集成测试,并讨论了不同测试条件对测试结果的影响。通过激光扫描识别整个测试区域中的目标,然后再根据激光光源到目标的距离信息实现目标三维结构的复现与重建。讨论与分析了该系统所需要的器件类型与参数,最终确定了系统中各模块的型号参数与特性。实验测试了不同位置的光强,结果显示,不同强度及位置对应的激光能量可以用于表示目标的三维位置坐标,验证了系统的可行性。

Study of energy deposition and stripper temperature for CYCIAE-100

Nowadays high intensity proton accelerators are extensively applied, and this paper gives particular emphasis on CYCIAE-100, a 100 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron being constructed at CIAE. For accelerators of this type, the study is focused on how to improve the beam intensity. As for CYCIAE-100, the charge-exchange extraction is used to get protons. So it is crucial to enhance the lifetime of the stripping foil, which is largely determined by the energy deposition on it. For this cyclotron, due to the influence of the magnetic field, the electrons will spin near the foil and lose energy each time when they cross the foil. The energy deposition refers to all the energy deposition of protons and electrons. This paper stresses the stripper study of CYCIAE-100, in which the particle distribution on the foil is simulated and the energy deposition of the protons and electrons stripped from the H- ions are calculated. The temperature distributions are then calculated as a main reference for the foil design.

激光测距机最大测程评估方法研究

最大测程是评估激光测距机测距性能的综合性指标,在实际应用过程中需要定期检验。目前采用的实际测距法受限于天气和目标条件难以实施,消光比法则因为难以实时设置或测量激光接收处理电路的增益也不易操作。而目前检验激光发射能量、光束发散角、光轴偏差角、最小可探测激光功率等关键参数的手段已经相当普及,可以恰当地应用这些检验结果来评估激光测距机的最大测程是否满足要求;如果能精确给出具体型号激光测距机激光能量分布的表达式,就可以给出精确评估最大测程的理论计算公式,从而通过测量激光测距机的关键参数来判定最大测程是否满足要求。

增程式电动车分布式控制系统的研究

研究了增程式电动车的分布式网络控制系统。该系统由整车层和辅助动力单元(APU)层组成,整车层以整车控制器为核心,根据驾驶员的需求对整车能量需求进行分配;APU层由APU控制器来协调发动机和发电机的工作。在控制策略方面,着重研究了起动、停机和各运行工况中的能量管理策略。实车试验结果证明,该系统可有效延长纯电动续驶里程,并在电池低SOC状况下维持整车动力性能,同时发动机的运行工况将大多处于高效区域。

柴达木盆地多种能源矿产同盆共存及其地质意义

柴达木盆地是中国石油、天然气、煤和铀等多种能源矿产同盆共存的盆地之一。在平面分布上,目前已进入勘探开发阶段的油气藏分布于柴达木盆地西部、北缘及东部地区,煤和砂岩型铀矿分布在盆地北缘;在赋存层位上,石油及部分天然气(油型气、煤成气)以侏罗系煤系地层为源岩,以侏罗系、古近系—新近系为储层,煤赋存于侏罗系大煤沟组和小煤沟组,已知的铀矿化位于侏罗系、古近系—新近系地层。结合单种能源矿产的时空分布特征以及相互之间的组合形式,柴达木盆地石油、天然气、煤和砂岩型铀矿等多种能源矿产在空间上有明显的同盆共存关系,且在成藏成矿中相互作用。柴达木盆地西北地区石油与天然气、柴达木盆地北缘煤与煤成气呈同盆共存关系;柴达木盆地北缘铀矿化发育在煤层之上且在油气运移指向的边部有多个铀矿化点,油气及煤系地层为其提供还原剂。通过柴达木盆地北缘烃源岩生烃模拟试验,元素U及其伴生元素(Mn、Mo、V和Cs)的富集对烃源岩生烃有明显的催化作用,表现为生烃量大幅度增加和生烃高峰提前。综上所述,有机矿产对无机铀矿的形成起到了重要的还原作用,无机铀矿及其伴生元素对于有机油气的生成有明显的催化作用。

宽束冷阴极离子源离子能量及能量分布的研究

介绍了一种用于离子束辅助沉积光学薄膜的新型宽束冷阴极离子源，详细叙述了该源的结构和工作过程。采用五栅网离子能量测试装置研究了离子源的离子能量及能量分布。结果表明，探针接收的离子最低能量随着引出电压和真空度的升高而升高。离子能量分布概率密度函数为单峰函数，其峰值位置随着真空度的降低向低能量方向移动，随着引出电压的升高向高能量方向移动。当引出电压为200～1200V时，离子平均能量为600-1600eV，呈线性规律变化。这种离子源的离子平均初始动能约为430-480eV。了解和掌握离子源的这些特性和参数，可以有效的对镀膜过程的微观环境（离子密度、离子能量等）进行控制，促进薄膜制备工艺更好地进行。

基于模糊控制的增程式电动汽车能量分配策略

增程式电动汽车可以有效地解决纯电动汽车续驶里程不足的问题。以增程式电动汽车为研究对象,设计基于模糊控制的能量分配策略,利用Cruise与MATLAB/Simulink进行联合仿真,通过NEDC工况试验验证该策略的有效性。研究表明:基于模糊控制的能量分配策略具有较强的鲁棒性,控制效果较好,可有效降低排放,维持电池SOC在理想范围内,避免过冲、过放。

测距激光的能量分布及其对光轴校正的影响

利用涂料墙面作为反射目标,采集、处理和分析脉冲激光测距机发射激光的光斑能量分布。结果表明:能量环带占比从中心到边沿呈现由高到低的变化趋势,80%以上的激光能量集中在占激光光斑总面积60%的中心区域内,而且某些型号的测距机激光能量分布存在较明显的区域不均衡性。因此,测距机要达到最大测程的指标要求,相关光轴的平行性校正必须更加严苛,而且光轴平行性校正方式也应加以改进。

距离选通激光成像水体后向散射光能量分布计算

针对在水下距离未知的目标搜索过程中,距离选通成像系统接收到的大部分是水体后向散射光的现象,分析了在给定开门时刻和选通门宽参数条件下,ICCD能够接收到后向散射光的水体范围;给出了ICCD接收到该范围内水体后向散射光能量以及该能量在ICCD像面上分布的计算方法。仿真和实验结果验证了该计算方法的可行性。