New Decision-Making Technique Based on Hurwicz Criteria for Fuzzy Ranking

Efficient decision-making remains an open challenge in the research community,and many researchers are working to improve accuracy through the use of various computational techniques.In this case,the fuzzification and defuzzification processes can be very useful.Defuzzification is an effective process to get a single number from the output of a fuzzy set.Considering defuzzification as a center point of this research paper,to analyze and understand the effect of different types of vehicles according to their performance.In this paper,the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)process under uncertainty and defuzzification is discussed by using the center of the area(COA)or centroidmethod.Further,to find the best solution,Hurwicz criteria are used on the defuzzified data.Anewdecision-making technique is proposed using Hurwicz criteria for triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.The proposed technique considers all types of decision makers’perspectives such as optimistic,neutral,and pessimistic which is crucial in solving decisionmaking problems.A simple case study is used to demonstrate and discuss the Centroid Method and Hurwicz Criteria for measuring risk attitudes among decision-makers.The significance of the proposed defuzzification method is demonstrated by comparing it to previous defuzzification procedures with its application.

Sustainability Intelligent Evaluation of Regional Microgrid Interconnection System Based on Combination Entropy Weight Rank Order-TOPSIS and NILA-KELM

Sustainability evaluation of regional microgrid interconnection system is conducive to a profound and comprehensive understanding of the impact of interconnection system projects.In order to realize the comprehensive and scientific intelligent evaluation of the system,this paper proposes an evaluation model based on combination entropy weight rank order-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)and Niche Immune Lion Algorithm-Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel(NILAKELM).Firstly,the sustainability evaluation indicator system of the regional microgrid interconnection system is constructed fromfour aspects of economic,environmental,social,and technical characteristics,and the evaluation indicators are explained.Then,the classical evaluationmodel based on TOPSIS is constructed,and the entropy weight method and rank order method(RO)are coupled to obtain the indicator weight.The niche immune algorithm is used to improve the lion algorithm,and the improved lion algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of KELM,and the intelligent evaluation model based on NILA-KELM is obtained to realize fast real-time calculation.Finally,the scientificity and accuracy of themodel proposed in this paper are verified.The model proposed in this paper has the lowest RMSE,MAE and RE values,indicating that its intelligent evaluation results are the most accurate.This study is conducive to the horizontal comparison of the overall performance of regional microgrid interconnection system projects,helps investors to choose the most promising project scheme,and helps the government to find feasible project.

Comparative performances of new and existing indices of crown asymmetry:an evaluation using tall trees of Eucalyptus pilularis(Smith)

Over the past 50 years,crown asymmetry of forest trees has been evaluated through several indices constructed from the perspective of projected crown shape or displacement but often on an ad hoc basis to address specifi c objectives related to tree growth and competition,stand dynamics,stem form,crown structure and treefall risks.Although sharing some similarities,these indices are largely incoherent and non-comparable as they diff er not only in the scale but also in the direction of their values in indicating the degree of crown asymmetry.As the fi rst attempt at devising normative measures of crown asymmetry,we adopted a relative scale between 0 for perfect symmetry and 1 for extreme asymmetry.Five existing crown asymmetry indices(CAIs)were brought onto this relative scale after necessary modifi cations.Eight new CAIs were adapted from measures of circularity for digital images in computer graphics,indices of income inequality in economics,and a bilateral symmetry indicator in plant leaf morphology.The performances of the 13 CAIs were compared over diff erent numbers of measured crown radii for 30 projected crowns of mature Eucalyptus pilularis trees through benchmarking statistics and rank order correlation analysis.For each CAI,the index value based on the full measurement of 36 evenly spaced radii of a projected crown was taken as the true value in the benchmarking process.The index(CAI 13)adapted from the simple bilateral symmetry measure proved to be the least biased and most precise.Its performance was closely followed by that of three other CAIs.The minimum number of crown radii that is needed to provide at least an indicative measure of crown asymmetry is four.For more accurate and consistent measures,at least 6 or 8 crown radii are needed.The range of variability in crown morphology of the trees under investigation also needs to be taken into consideration.Although the CAIs are from projected crown radii,they can be readily extended to individual tree crown metrics that are now commonly extracted from LiDAR and other remotely sensed data.Adding a normative measure of crown asymmetry to individual tree crown metrics will facilitate the process of big data analytics and artifi cial intelligence in forestry wherever crown morphology is among the factors to be considered for decision making in forest management.

Decomposition dynamic of higher plant pigments by HPLC analysis

The fate of the litter of dominant vegetation(willows and reeds) is one of the aspects studied in the frame of the project “Onderzoek Milieu Effecten Sigmaplan”. One of the questions to be considered is how long the litter stays within the estuary. In this paper, the time the leaf litter(Salix triandra and Phragmites australis) stayed in the Schelde estuary was studied by using plant pigment as biomarkers with HPLC application. After analyzing the original data from the incubation experiment described by Dubuison and Geers(1999), the decomposition dynamics patterns of pigments were analyzed and described, and these decomposition dynamics patterns were used as calibration patterns. By using Spearman Rank Order Correlation, the calibration patterns of the pigments which were significant(p<0.05) were grouped. In this way, several groups of the calibration patterns of pigment decomposition were achieved. The presence or absence of these groups of pigments (whether they can be detected or not from HPLC) was shown to be useful in determining the time the litter has stayed in the water. Combining data of DW and POC, more precise timing can be obtained.

An analysis of quantitative PCR reliability through replicates using the C_(t)method

There is considerable interest in quantitatively measuring nucleic acids from single cells to small populations. The most commonly employed laboratory method is the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed with the crossing point or crossing threshold (Ct) method. Utilizing a multiwell plate reader we have performed hundreds of replicate reactions each at a set of initial conditions whose initial number of copies span a concentration range of ten orders of magnitude. The resultant Ct value distributions are analyzed with standard and novel statistical techniques to assess the variability/reliability of the PCR process. Our analysis supports the following conclusions. Given sufficient replicates, the mean and/or median Ct values are statistically distinguishable and can be rank ordered across ten orders of magnitude in initial template concentration. As expected, the variances in the Ct distributions grow as the number of initial copies declines to 1. We demonstrate that these variances are large enough to confound quantitative classi?cation of the initial condition at low template concentrations. The data indicate that a misclassi?cation transition is centered around 3000 initial copies of template DNA and that the transition region correlates with independent data on the thermal wear of the TAQ polymerase enzyme. We provide data that indicate that an alternative endpoint detection strategy based on the theory of well mixing and plate ?lling statistics is accurate below the mis- classi?cation transition where the real time method becomes unreliable.

Edgeworth Expansion of Densities of Order Statistics with Fixed Rank

We give an Edgeworth expansion for densities of order statistics with fixed rank k. The Edgeworth expansion for densities of extreme values is then obtained as a special case k = 1.

Comparison of UV/PDS and UV/H_2O_2 processes for the degradation of atenolol in water

UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxodisulfate （PDS） processes were adopted to degrade a typical β-blocker atenolol （ATL）. The degradation efficiencies under various operational parameters （oxidant dosage, pH, HCO3-, humic acid （HA）, NO3- , and Cl-） were compared. Principal factor analysis was also performed with a statistical method for the two processes. It was found that increasing the specific dosage of the two peroxides （[peroxide]0/[ATL]0 ） ranging from 1：1 to 8：1 led to a faster degradation rate but also higher peroxide residual. Within the pH range 3-11, the optimum pH was 7 for the UV/PDS process and elevating pH benefitted the UV/H 2O2 process. The presence of HCO3- , HA, and Cl adversely affected ATL oxidation in both processes. The NO3- concentration 1-3 mmol/L accelerated the destruction of ATL by the UV/PDS process, but further increase of NO3- concentration retarded the degradation process, contrary to the case in the UV/H2O2 process. The rank orders of effects caused by the six operational parameters were pH ≈ specific dosage 〉 [HA]0 〉 [NO3-]0 〉 [HCO3-]0 〉 [Cl-]0 for the UV/H2O2 process and specific dosage 〉 pH 〉 [HA]0 〉 [NO3-]0 〉 [HCO3-]0 〉[Cl-]0 for the UV/PDS process. The UV/PDS process was more sensitive to changes in operational parameters than the UV/H2O2 process but more efficient in ATL removal under the same conditions.