An Integrated Control Framework for Torque Vectoring and Active Suspension System

Four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles(FWID-EV)endow a flexible and scalable control framework to improve vehicle performance.This paper integrates the torque vectoring and active suspension system(ASS)to enhance the vehicle’s longitudinal and vertical motion control performance.While the nonlinear characteristic of the tire model leads to a relatively heavier computational burden.To facilitate the controller design and ease the load,a half-vehicle dynamics system is built and simplified to the linear-time-varying(LTV)model.Then a model predictive controller is developed by formulating the objective function by comprehensively considering the safety,energy-saving and comfort requirements.The in-wheel motor efficiency and the power loss of tire slip are treated as optimization indices in this work to reduce energy consumption.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through the rapid-control-prototype(RCP)test.The results demonstrate the enhancement of the energy-saving as well as comfort on the basis of vehicle stability.

Failure evaluation and control factor analysis of slope block instability along traffic corridor in Southeastern Tibet

The instability of slope blocks occurred frequently along traffic corridor in Southeastern Tibet(TCST),which was primarily controlled by the rock mass structures.A rapid method evaluating the control effects of rock mass structures was proposed through field statistics of the slopes and rock mass structures along TCST,which combined the stereographic projection method,modified M-JCS model,and limit equilibrium theory.The instabilities of slope blocks along TCST were then evaluated rapidly,and the different control factors of instability were analyzed.Results showed that the probabilities of toppling(5.31%),planar(16.15%),and wedge(35.37%)failure of slope blocks along TCST increased sequentially.These instability modes were respectively controlled by the anti-dip joint,the joint parallel to slope surface with a dip angle smaller than the slope angle(singlejoint),and two groups of joints inclined out of the slope(double-joints).Regarding the control effects on slope block instability,the stabilization ability of doublejoints(72.7%),anti-dip joint(67.4%),and single-joint(57.6%)decreased sequentially,resulting in different probabilities of slope block instability.Additionally,nearby regional faults significantly influenced the joints,leading to spatial heterogeneity and segmental clustering in the stabilization ability provided by joints to the slope blocks.Consequently,the stability of slope blocks gradually weakened as they approached the fault zones.This paper can provide guidance and assistance for investigating the development characteristics of rock mass structures and the stability of slope blocks.

Study on the Rapid Method to Predict Longevity of Controlled Release Fertilizer Coated by Water Soluble Resin

The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.

Research on rapid development platform of PLC control system

In the field of industrial process control,a fast-development platform for programmable logic controller(PLC)systems is designed in order to solve two main problems of rapid development of PLC control system and programmability of controlling software.In the aspect of design,the platform is composed of hardware controlling and software monitoring and is taking industrial computer as the core.Under the Windows environment,the platform establishes the control instruction set,develops the configuration function and visual programming function of the monitoring software and it integrates PLC controller based on Visual Basic software.In order to achieve the function of data monitoring,it has realized the serial communication between computer and PLC by using RS-485 and RS-232 serial ports line communication.The platform designs the intelligent instruction scheduling strategy by studying the encoding and decoding rules of the communication instruction set.It proposes a method for rapidly developing control programs by adopting the expert control mode,which enables clients to develop and modify programs conveniently by importing instructions in a non-coded manner.After experimental testing,the platform is proved successful achieving both the rapid development of PLC control system and the rapid modification of monitoring software.

Study on Control of Pneumatic Selecting and Shifting Actuators Using Rapid Control Prototyping

A gearbox in-the-loop control platform using dSPACE real-time system is designed for the study on the control technology of pneumatic selecting and shifting actuators based on rapid control prototyping.The operational principle of such actuators was analyzed using dSPACE hardware and software,resulting in a better knowledge of the logical relationship among solenoid valves,gear positions of cylinders and system input/output.Based on these,a control model was developed under the Matlab/Simulink environment and rapidly improved to meet requirements through experiments.Relevant tests have shown that analysis efficiency on selecting and shifting actuators could be raised and development of control strategy facilitated.

Properties of Rapid Hardening Controlled Low Strength Material Made of Recycled Fine Aggregate from Urban Red Brick Construction Waste

In some cases of emergency backfill engineering projects, traditional backfill materials cannot meet the requirements of fast construction due to their long curing time. This study presents a new kind of rapid hardening controlled low strength material, which utilizes both rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement and recycled fine aggregate from urban red brick construction waste. Totally, sixteen mixtures were prepared for the experiment with different cement-to-sand ratios and water-to-solid ratios. The flowability and bleeding rate of fresh mixture were measured to evaluate its workability, and the compressive strength of hardened mixture was tested to evaluate its rapid hardening and mechanical properties. Test results indicate that rapid hardening controlled low strength material containing recycled fine aggregate from urban red brick construction waste can achieve the desirable flowability, but the bleeding rate increases with the increase of flowability. In addition, 2-hour compressive strength can reach 0.08 - 0.12 MPa, and 4-hour compressive strength is 0.32 - 1.54 MPa, which can meet the requirements of emergency backfill construction. At last, based on the derived compressive strength, a fitting model for predicting compressive strength evolution of this new rapid hardening backfill material is developed, which fits accurately with these experimental data.

Precise Control of Temperature Rising Speed of Wafer during Rapid Thermal Processing

In rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer, it is important to keep a given temperature rising speed of the wafer during the temperature rising process. We made an experimental apparatus to measure the temperature rising speed of a ceramic ball of 2 mm in diameter heated with four halogen lamp heaters. The heating rate of the halogen lamp heaters was controlled by computer to keep a given temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s with a controlling time interval of 0.1 s. We examined the effect of various heating control methods on the error of the temperature rising speed of the ceramic ball. We found that a combined method of control with prepared correlation and PID （proportional integral derivative） control is a good method to decrease the error of the temperature rising speed. The average error of the temperature rising speed is 0.5 ℃/s, and the repetition error is almost zero for the temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s from 330 ℃ to 370 ℃. We also measured the effects of artificial control delay time and measuring error of the monitoring temperature on the error of the temperature rising speed.

An Apparatus Design for the Vehicle Control Scheme in Personal Rapid Transit System

A new transportation technology known as personal rapid transit （PRT） is being developed by multiple different companies around the world, and one system is under commercial operations in the United Kingdom. Each design is different, but they all share a need to operate many automated transit vehicles at very close headways. Safe operation will require a level of control an order of magnitude above any current transit system. As a result, new techniques will be needed for the development and testing of the mechanical and control systems. In this paper an apparatus for developing and testing a PRT vehicle control scheme is demonstrated. This system is composed of independent modules that represent virtual vehicles, a central control system, a man-machine interface and a monitoring device. It can be used to implement and to evaluate the designed vehicle control algorithm. The vehicle control algorithm is designed and simulated in a combined simulation platform that consists of Matlab/Simulink and Labview Simulation Interface Toolkit. Simple operational scenarios are proposed for the testing of the proposed vehicle control apparatus.

Rapid stabilization of stochastic quantum systems in a unified framework

Rapid stabilization of general stochastic quantum systems is investigated based on the rapid stability of stochastic differential equations.We introduce a Lyapunov-LaSalle-like theorem for a class of nonlinear stochastic systems first,based on which a unified framework of rapidly stabilizing stochastic quantum systems is proposed.According to the proposed unified framework,we design the switching state feedback controls to achieve the rapid stabilization of singlequbit systems,two-qubit systems,and N-qubit systems.From the unified framework,the state space is divided into two state subspaces,and the target state is located in one state subspace,while the other system equilibria are located in the other state subspace.Under the designed state feedback controls,the system state can only transit through the boundary between the two state subspaces no more than two times,and the target state is globally asymptotically stable in probability.In particular,the system state can converge exponentially in(all or part of)the state subspace where the target state is located.Moreover,the effectiveness and rapidity of the designed state feedback controls are shown in numerical simulations by stabilizing GHZ states for a three-qubit system.

Design and implementation of control system for superconducting RSFQ circuit

The superconducting rapid single flux quantum(RSFQ)integrated circuit is a promising solu-tion for overcoming speed and power bottlenecks in high-performance computing systems in the post-Moore era.This paper presents an architecture designed to improve the speed and power limitations of high-performance computing systems using superconducting technology.Since superconducting microprocessors,which operate at cryogenic temperatures,require support from semiconductor cir-cuits,the proposed design utilizes the von Neumann architecture with a superconducting RSFQ mi-croprocessor,cryogenic semiconductor memory,a room temperature field programmable gate array(FPGA)controller,and a host computer for input/output.Additionally,the paper introduces two key circuit designs:a start/stop controllable superconducting clock generator and an asynchronous communication interface between the RSFQ and semiconductor chips used to implement the control system.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design is feasible and effective,provi-ding valuable insights for future superconducting computer systems.

基于冗余执行器的航空发动机推力快速响应控制方法研究

面向飞/推一体化控制需求,开展涡扇发动机推力快速响应控制研究,提出了适用于推力最小相位系统的冗余控制方案。研究内容包括:(1)借鉴阀位控制思想,提出在传统燃油流量(Wf)回路基础上增设尾喷口喉道面积(A8)回路,通过挖掘冗余执行器变化速率潜力,提高推力响应速度,降低了对于燃油泵快速作动的需求,同时该方法可以使喷口在推力响应过程逐渐回中,系统具备持续的推力快速调节能力;(2)分析了A8调节推力的物理机理,指出容腔压力动力学主导的部件间流量匹配过程使得A8对推力具有直馈作用,是提高推力响应速度的有效途径。基于发动机部件级模型的评估结果表明,本文提出的方法在执行机构存在速率限制的情况下,实现了推力10 rad/s闭环带宽和A8回中的设计目标,方法可行、有效。在推力响应过程中,A8直馈作用对推力变化的贡献度最高时超过50%。随着对于推力控制模式和推力响应速度的日趋关注,应对容腔内的压力动态过程给予充分的重视。

矿井灾变时期气囊密闭技术的研究与优化

为探究气囊密闭工艺在矿井发生灾变过程中的密闭工艺效果,以唐山开滦实验巷道为工程条件,运用Fluent数值软件,结合快速气囊密技术,研究了不同火灾发展阶段下灾区爆炸危险气体的变动特性以及运移规律,分析了快速气囊密闭的工艺效果,并针对现有工艺进行了进一步的优化和设计。结果表明:灾区内上隅角CH_(4)浓度最高,气囊密闭具有封堵速度快、气密性好的特性,能在5 min内完成巷道的完全封堵,漏风率控制在5%以内,同时快速气囊密闭使得通风量急剧减少,CH_(4)积聚速度变快,氧气扩散较慢,未形成爆炸危险区域。利用PLC控制方式和远程遥控手段优化现有气囊密闭工艺,实现了远程控制。

欠驱动航天器模糊自适应增强耦合姿态控制

在快速轨道机动期间,针对固体推进作用下推力偏心、安装误差等因素带来的姿态强干扰问题,提出了一种基于推力矢量控制技术的航天器姿态欠驱动智能控制方法。首先,建立了航天器姿态误差动力学模型,并分析推力矢量控制输入的欠驱动特性。然后,考虑强干扰不确定性和滚转通道耦合弱的问题,设计了基于增强耦合策略与自适应模糊观测器的欠驱动智能控制律,结合模糊逻辑函数逼近强干扰不确定项并引入控制律中,实现航天器的姿态欠驱动智能控制,通过Lyapunov理论证明了系统的稳定性。最后,通过与分层滑模控制方法进行对比仿真,验证了所设计的方法能够使得三轴姿态稳定时间缩短14%,滚转通道耦合弱产生的静差被有效消除,为快速轨道机动期间的强干扰抑制技术提供基础。

基于Links-RT的数字液压风力机半实物仿真系统设计

数字液压风力机可根据风速大小使相应排量液压泵参与工作,使液压风力机在整个工作风速范围内始终保持高效。由于大型风力机不具备开展实验研究的条件,且风力机中的液压系统具有较强的非线性,为了准确研究数字液压风力机多泵切换时系统工作特性的变化规律,提出了一种基于Links-RT的数字液压风力机半实物仿真系统,并对数字液压风力机风轮特性模拟和最大功率跟踪控制进行设计。通过风速阶跃变化、恒定风速时多泵切换、渐变风速多泵切换3种工况下数字液压风力机工作特性的实时仿真测试,验证了数字液压风力机半实物仿真系统的正确有效性,为数字液压风力机的稳定运行和风能高效利用提供理论依据和技术参考。

自适应神经模糊推理系统优化的快速上肢评估方法

传统方法对工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病风险评估的输入变量变化敏感性较低,导致风险评估输出结果的精确性和可靠性不足。为更加准确地进行人因工程风险评估,提出了基于自适应神经模糊推理系统的快速上肢评估方法(RULA)。首先,基于卷积神经网络对视频中人体工作姿势的关键点进行检测及识别,并计算关节角度;其次,基于自适应神经模糊推理系统对快速上肢评估方法进行改进,搭建工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病风险评估架构以解决评估不同姿势时获得相同评分的问题;再次,随机选取不同工作姿势的关节角度数据对网络进行训练和检测,调整基于自适应神经模糊推理系统和快速上肢评估方法的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病风险预测模型的最佳参数;最后,选取关节角度数据集里的前15个工作姿势进行相关性验证,将结果与原始快速上肢评估方法的结果进行比较,应用树枝修剪工具的操作过程进行案例分析以实现风险得分的实时动态评估。结果表明,优化后的快速上肢评估方法比原始方法更敏感,验证了利用自适应神经模糊推理系统能够有效改进快速上肢评估方法并实时预测风险得分。

高烈度区快速施工跨线桥基础隔震性能研究

为适应高烈度区跨线桥快速施工的需要,提出基础隔震跨线桥的设计理念。以某2×25m高速公路跨线桥为工程背景,将铅芯橡胶支座作为基础隔震装置进行研究。采用Midas/Civil建立桥梁动力分析模型,选取7条时程曲线作为地震动输入,对跨线桥进行顺桥向和横桥向时程分析,对比采用基础隔震体系前后跨线桥抗震性能的变化,并分析弹性挡块对跨线桥地震位移的控制效果。结果表明:基础隔震跨线桥将主梁与中墩作为整体预制安装,最大限度地减少了现场作业时间,理论上可作为跨线桥快速施工的一种方式;相比于常规结构体系,基础隔震体系既能降低中墩地震内力,又能减小梁端支座位移,可显著提升跨线桥在顺桥向和横桥向的抗震性能;弹性挡块可有效控制基础隔震跨线桥的地震位移,但使得桥墩的地震内力明显增大,设计时应注意二者的平衡,合理选择弹性挡块的力学参数。

区域水库群防汛安全风险快速评估及预警

近年来极端气候事件频发,给人类自身安全和整个社会经济带来深刻影响,对区域防洪响应提出了更高层次的要求,区域水库群防汛安全风险快速评估方法需求日益增加。本文在传统风险分析评估的基础上,引入瑞利信号衰落模拟风险信号的传播,通过风险概率联合分布描述水库风险关联性,分析了区域水库群防汛风险分布影响,初步建立了定量的区域水库群风险率计算模式,并将其应用于“22·6”北江特大洪水过程,分析了韶关地区的区域水库风险情况,结果表明,区域风险分布符合实际,模型简单且计算效率较高,实现了对区域水库群防汛安全风险快速评估及预警,同时可为今后防御流域洪水及水旱灾害防御工作提供参考借鉴,以提高区域水库群应对极端气候条件下洪涝灾害的能力。

快速康复技术配合损伤控制外科技术在多发伤患者中的运用效果及影响因素分析

目的分析快速康复技术配合损伤控制在多发伤患者康复中的临床效果及其并发症发生情况,并探讨影响并发症发生的因素。方法收集昆明医科大学附属红河医院2020年10月至2022年11月间的108例多发伤患者临床资料,分为A组(55例)和B组(53例)。A组采用快速康复措施+损伤控制,B组采用常规康复措施+损伤控制。比较2组临床疗效、并发症发生情况及相关影响因素。结果A组在凝血功能、乳酸、体温恢复时间及术中出血量方面明显优于B组(P<0.05),而手术时间则较长(P<0.05)。A组术后ISS评分及Mb、CK、HMGB1水平均低于B组(P<0.05)。A组并发症发生率(7例)低于B组(20例)(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,治疗康复措施是影响术后并发症的主要因素。结论快速康复技术配合损伤控制治疗多发伤患者具有较好的临床效果,可明显降低术后并发症发生率,其中良好的康复治疗方式是减少并发症的关键。

可重构功率电路的电力电子实验教学平台设计

为了便于开展电力电子领域多种功率电路分析、控制与特性测试教学,设计了一个可重构功率电路的电力电子实验教学平台,包括功率电路的可重构组件、电压电流采集模块、国产快速原型控制器、上位机以及示波器。基于该实验教学平台可以构建多种拓扑功率电路,并在Matlab/Simulink软件中开发控制算法以自动生成实验控制程序。

拉曼光谱用于细菌快速药敏检测的研究进展

致病菌对人类健康构成重大威胁,抗菌药物的滥用导致了细菌耐药性的发展和传播。目前,临床微生物室常用的药敏试验,如纸片扩散法、浓度梯度纸条扩散法、肉汤稀释法和全自动药敏分析等都是基于细菌生长的方法,且操作流程繁琐,需要8~16 h才能出结果。该文从快速药敏检测(RAST)的研究出发,重点叙述了拉曼光谱在RAST领域的研究进展。利用拉曼光谱对细菌进行基于代谢表型的药敏检测,检测时间明显缩短,优于常规基于细菌生长的药敏方法。但该方法缺少大规模的临床分离株验证,而且难以实现临床标本中细菌的免分离检测。该文对RAST技术的临床验证、可重复性评估、临床适用性评估、准确性评估、拉曼光谱与电阻抗及微流控技术的创新结合及其在复杂临床标本中直接药敏检测等方面进行展望。