Integrated Performance Measures for Bus Rapid Transit System and Traffic Signal Systems Using Trajectory Data

Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems have been implemented in many cities over the past two decades. Widespread adoption of General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), the deployment of high-fidelity bus GPS data tracking, and anonymized high-fidelity connected vehicle data from private vehicles have provided new opportunities for performance measures that can be used by both transit agencies and traffic signal system operators. This paper describes the use of trajectory-based data to develop performance measures for a BRT system in Indianapolis, Indiana. Over 3 million data records during the 3-month period between March and May 2022 are analyzed to develop visualizations and performance metrics. A methodology to estimate the average delay and schedule adherence is presented along a route comprised of 74 signals and 28 bus stations. Additionally, this research demonstrates how these performance measures can be used to evaluate dedicated and non-dedicated bus lanes with general traffic. Travel times and reliability of buses are compared with nearly 30 million private vehicle trips. Results show that median travel time for buses on dedicated bi-directional lanes is within one minute of general traffic and during peak periods the buses are often faster. Schedule adherence was observed to be more challenging, with approximately 3% of buses arriving within 1 minute on average during the 5AM hour and 5% of buses arriving 6 - 9 minutes late during the 5PM hour. The framework and performance measures presented in this research provide agencies and transportation professionals with tools to identify opportunities for adjustments and to justify investment decisions.

Users’ Perception on Operation and Performance of Public Transport Systems in African Developing Countries: The Case of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Public transport system has been a means of addressing transportation challenges in urban areas, such as traffic congestion, traffic jam and long travel time in cities worldwide. Transportation in Africa is unique in that it has the least developed public transport systems in the world, while also being one of the fastest urbanizing continents. Bus Rapid Transit being one of the public transport systems was introduced in Africa in 2008 as a means to provide solution on urban transportation challenges. Despite of public transport being the main means of transport in African developing countries, there have been a number of challenges that affects efficiency of performance of the system and makes its users uncomfortable. Therefore, the study aimed at exploring the setbacks or challenges associated with operation and performance of the BRT system in the African developing countries and address them. The study employed mixed methods research design that integrates both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and analysis. The study findings reveal that, there is an improvement on the perspectives of the commuters on public transport after introduction of BRT system. However, some challenges such as long waiting time, passengers overcrowding during peak hours, as well as safety and security can slowly change the perspective of the commuters. Therefore, to address these challenges it is recommended to reduce the long waiting time and improve accessibility by introduction of passenger information displays (bus information system) and automated fare collection system;reduce travel time by introduction of bus priority signal;and improve safety and security by introduction of signage and CCTV Camera within the bus and bus stops.

Development of New Modality Municipal Public Transportation for Guangzhou——Group Rapid Transit System as Supplementary Linkage from Guangzhou City Center to its Eastern Tourism Zone

As one of the primary business centers of China, Guangzhou has been undergoing rapid growth and expansion. Over the past decade, the Guangzhou Municipality Government has significantly upgraded its transport infrastructure, especially with the highly beneficial expansion of its Subway Mass Rapid Transit(MRT) system.Positive steps have also been taken to continue planning the construction of new roads, a Bus Rapid Transit(BRT)system and other transportation facilities. Further administrative and regulatory measures have also been implemented to control the situation, such as the banning of motorcycles from the central city area and the limitation of new automobile registrations. However, Guangzhou continues to face serious challenges of traffic congestion in and around the city center owing to further intensification of its population with economic growth. The need to ease Guangzhou's stretched public transportation resources,and at the same time to support the realization of its"Eastward Advance" strategy, presents a unique challenge and opportunity to develop an advanced high-efficiency public transportation modality for Guangzhou, viz. the Group Rapid Transit(GRT) involving the use of automation-guided(driverless) smart-vehicles. This paper outlines the PRT/GRT(PRT: Personal Rapid Transit) smart-vehicle modality and also puts forth a proposal of Guangzhou's first GRT route as the city's first dedicated transportation link to the scenic landscape of the Eastern Tourism Zone.This GRT route will help in diffusing the city's traffic congestion as well as support the effectuation of Guangzhou's "Eastern Expansion" strategy, supplementing the ongoing expansion of the Guangzhou Municipality's subway MRT networks.

Impact of viscosity modifier on asphalt properties used for bus rapid transit lanes in Chengdu

In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super （TPS）, high-viscosity additive （HVA） and road-science- technology （RST）, and four different asphalt binders were investigated through laboratory experiments. The percent- ages of the viscosity modifiers used were： TPS （0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%） and RST and HVA （8% and 12%） depending on the type of asphalt binder. Technical indicators of modifier asphalt were tested through con- ventional and unconventional binder tests. It has been found out that only a percentage greater than or equal to 14% TPS is reasonable to achieve the requirement set by 20,000 Pa. s for the 60℃ dynamic viscosity on local #70 grade asphalt. The results indicate that conventional bin- ders did not meet the requirements of the 60℃ dynamic viscosity when 12% of TPS or HVA modifiers were used. In addition, the B-type styrene-butadienne-styrene （SBS） modified asphalt binder has better viscosity balance than the A-type SBS modified when 8% of each of the three different kinds of viscosity modifiers is used. Therefore, the B-type modified SBS thus appears to be a suitable choice in asphalt mixtures for bus rapid transit lane with the 60℃ dynamic viscosity.

Dwell time estimation models for bus rapid transit stations

Bus rapid transit （BRT） systems have been shown to have many advantages including affordability, high capacity vehicles, and reliable service. Due to these attractive advantages, many cities throughout the world are in the process of planning the construction of BRT systems. To improve the performance of BRT systems, many researchers study BRT operation and control, which include the study of dwell times at bus/BRT stations. To ensure the effectiveness of real-time control which aims to avoid bus/BRT vehicles congestion, accurate dwell time models are needed. We develop our models using data from a BRT vehicle survey conducted in Changzhou, China, where BRT lines are built along passenger corridors, and BRT stations are enclosed like light rails. This means that interactions between passengers traveling on the BRT system are more frequent than those in traditional transit system who use platform stations. We statistically analyze the BRT vehicle survey data, and based on this analysis, we are able to make the following conclusions： （ I ） The delay time per passenger at a BRT station is less than that at a non-BRT station, which implies that BRT stations are efficient in the sense that they are able to move passengers quickly. （II） The dwell time follows a logarithmic normal distribution with a mean of 2.56 and a variance of 0.53. （III） The greater the number of BRT lines serviced by a station, the longer the dwell time is. （IV） Daily travel demands are highest during the morning peak interval where the dwell time, the number of passengers boarding and alighting and the number of passengers on vehicles reach their maximum values. （V） The dwell time is highly positively correlated with the total number of passengers boarding and alighting. （VI） The delay per passenger is negatively correlated with the total number of passengers boarding and alighting. We propose two dwell time models for the BRT station. The first proposed model is a linear model while the second is nonlinear. We introduce the conflict between passengers boarding and alighting into our models. Finally, by comparing our models with the models of Rajbhandari and Chien et al., and TCQSM （Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual）, we conclude that the proposed nonlinear model can better predict the dwell time at BRT stations.

原位保护条件下捷运系统的改扩建基坑方案研究

某机场三期空侧捷运系统需要进行改扩建,工程施工期间应保障既有捷运功能的正常运营,同时建设场地存在深厚承压水层,给基坑实施带来巨大挑战。工程实施总体方案采用“倒边施工+弹钢琴+悬挂式止水”的方式,科学划分基坑分区和施工工序,合理选用基坑围护结构,结合悬挂式降水方案,并采用数值分析验证合理,确保了既有捷运系统的运营安全。

Combinations of Transportation Policies to Promote BRT Usage Using Artificial Society Model

Various transportation systems have been developed in recent years.In this study,an artificial society model is developed to examine the combination of transportation policies in urban areas.In this model,each trip maker selects the primary and terminal transportation modes.An artificial society model is applied to the southeastern region of Osaka City,Japan.The effects of introducing BRT(bus rapid transit,primary transportation)and on-demand buses(terminal transportation)are investigated.The results confirm that BRT is used by a certain number of users.An increase in the use of BRT will increase the amount of walking,thus resulting in a healthy city.However,on-demand buses are rarely used as terminal transportation.Additionally,the development of bicycle parking stations near BRT stops is shown to be effective in the northern section of the BRT route.

基于轻量化设计的导轨式胶轮系统高架车站规模优化研究

为研究合适的中低运量轨道交通高架车站规模,文章将汽车设计轻量化思想引入导轨式胶轮轨道交通系统高架车站设计中。在保持车站运营安全性、功能性、服务能力不降低,且符合必要的国家规范和政策要求的前提下,通过优化设计、调整布局等手段缩减车站规模。研究结论不仅对于导轨式胶轮系统优化具有指导作用,也能够成为其它中低运量制式研发的借鉴案例。

NEAR RAPID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION AND ITS SUPERFINE MICROSTRUCTURE

This paper briefly reviews the recent research on the near rapid directional solidification and microstructure superfining. The morphology transitions and the corresponding mechanical properties are presented. The critical velocities relevant to the morphology transitions are comprehensively given. Meanwhile the solidification characteristics near absolute stability limit are studied.It can be clearly seen that the superfine microstructures possess extremely better properties compared with the conventional microstructures.

市域快轨与城市轨道贯通运营相关问题探讨

研究目的:市域快速轨道交通作为一种服务于城市中心城区及其周边组团的交通系统,其与城市轨道交通的衔接可根据城市的发展与客流的变化,按需选择初期贯通运营、适时拆分运营的模式。国家出台的多项文件也提出促进各种轨道交通系统之间相互融合、互联互通的要求。本文对市域快速轨道交通与城市轨道交通采用贯通运营方式在运营组织、土建工程、机电设备系统等方面带来的相关问题进行了系统梳理,并结合既有案例对工程设计、建设过程中须注意的事项进行了总结,供国内市域快速轨道交通工程参考。研究结论:(1)市域快速轨道交通与城市轨道交通进行互联互通是十分必要的,也是轨道交通未来发展的趋势,两者进行互联互通会在许多方面产生影响,要对主要建设方案进行深入比选分析后进行确定;(2)采用贯通运营方案在工程设计、建设过程中要在运营组织方案、工程改造、机电设备系统等方面重点进行考虑;(3)国内市域快速轨道交通工程应在设计阶段充分研究贯通运营的必要性和可行性;(4)本研究成果可应用于市域快轨与城市轨道贯通运营项目研究。

广州白云国际机场旅客捷运系统规划及车辆制式选型研究

随着机场规模的扩大,国内大型机场均开始研究或建设内部捷运系统,用以缩短旅客中转时间,提高服务水平。车辆制式的选择直接影响整个系统的工程投资,也是捷运系统规划的重要环节。文章通过对白云机场T1、T2捷运系统规划方案分析,指出适用于机场高架捷运线路的车辆制式,并对胶轮APM和胶轮有轨电车进行多方面对比分析,得出两者的优缺点和适用条件,为其他机场类似捷运线路的车辆选型提供借鉴。胶轮APM在运营可靠性方面具有突出优势,但运维成本较高;胶轮有轨电车整体投资较低,但国内缺少运营管理经验。鉴于机场运输的高效性,本次车辆选型推荐采用胶轮APM。

浅谈机场旅客捷运系统预防性维保的重要性

简析预防性维保的概念,结合机场旅客捷运系统特殊场景和预防性维保对该系统的重要性,阐述预防性维保的主要内容,提出持续优化预防性维保的建议,从而对机场旅客捷运系统的预防性维保进行有侧重点地探讨。

机场捷运系统制式选型研究

机场捷运系统是用于运输机场内部旅客的轨道交通系统,具有安全、可靠、高效、环保的优点,可有效提高机场服务质量。在机场捷运系统工程规划和建设过程中,制式选型会对工程技术标准、建设规模和投资等产生直接影响,是必须解决的首要问题。为此,文章在概述机场捷运系统技术特点的基础上,提出其制式选型的6个主要评价指标,即线路适应性、客流适应性、乘客舒适性、环境友好性、技术成熟度和工程经济性,并据此对机场捷运系统可用的自导向轨道系统、导轨式胶轮系统、跨座式单轨、地铁、有轨电车5种制式进行对比剖析,最后结合某工程案例进行具体分析,以期为类似项目的技术决策提供参考和借鉴。

ART车辆段总图设计关键要素分析

近年来,电子导向胶轮系统作为新兴的中低运量城市轨道交通制式,受到众多城市的关注。为解决其车辆段总图设计中存在的技术难题,文章以ART系统为例,在概述其车辆结构特点、修程及车辆段组成、功能的基础上,对其车辆段总图设计关键要素(如停车位、列检位、库前出入线、测试线、洗车线、充电设施的设置)进行分析阐释,并对横列式与纵列式这2种典型的总图布置形式进行举例说明,以期为今后ART车辆段的总图设计提供参考和借鉴。

BRT项目工程技术经济分析——以中山大道快速公交试验线为例

快速公交(bus rapid transit,BRT)系统是一种介于轨道交通与常规公交之间的新型运营系统。它利用现代化的公交技术配合智能交通的运营管理,使常规的公交系统可以基本达到或接近轨道交通的服务水平,而其投资及运营成本远低于轨道交通。有关数据资料统计显示,BRT投资及运营成本仅为地铁系统的1/10,但就速度、运力、可靠性和形象而言,BRT可以提供类似地铁的服务水平。以广州市中山大道快速公交试验线项目为例,对BRT项目的工程技术经济特点进行分析总结。

未运营轨道交通的大城市公交系统重构规划研究——以济南市为例

受多重因素影响,公交行业陷入了可持续发展困境。部分城市着手开展公交系统重构规划,以扭转客流持续下降局面。为更好地指导公交系统重构,该文以济南市为例,围绕创建独一无二的泉城公交都市目标,创新性地提出通过路网重塑、路权重配、线网重组、体系重构等四重策略,构筑由高品质快速公交系统为主体、面向全民的多层次公交为网络组成的新公交系统,从多维度评估新公交系统,并面向最重要的客流走廊典型区段开展BRT系统设计。实践证明,重构方案在扭转客流下降、助力公交都市创建方面起到了积极的作用。

智轨电车无线充电系统研究与应用

随着智轨电车在国内的不断推广,智轨电车对充电的需求也变得更多样化。智轨电车现有的充电方式为首末站静态充电,该方式需要车辆停车并占用一定的场地。为了给智轨电车提供更多元的充电方式,减少停车充电的时间,提出了一种线路/站台式的无线充电系统。分析了该系统的组成、工作原理与充电过程,并在工程试验线路中得到应用验证,实现了智轨电车的线路/站台式的无线充电方式。

基于5G公网技术的智能轨道快运系统用综合无线通信系统设计

目前智能轨道快运系统(autonomous-rail rapid transit,ART)用综合无线通信系统一般采用4G公网技术,难以满足与日俱增的高清视频监控、高清媒体节目等大带宽、低时延数据应用需求。为此,文章根据ART项目实际应用需求,基于5G技术路线分析,设计了一种基于5G公网技术的综合无线通信系统承载方案。其通过把多接入边缘计算下沉到ART运行控制中心,对语音集群调度进行二次开发,在保证大带宽的同时达到了低时延,实现了ART运行控制系统、语音集群调度、乘客信息系统、车载视频监控等系统数据的综合承载。该方案在工程项目中已得到应用验证,结果显示,目前5G SA模式综合覆盖率为99.53%,ART沿线无线信号可满足项目要求,为ART的智能升级提供了参考和借鉴。

基于信号优先和滞站调度的BRT组合控制策略

合理的实时调度和信号优先控制是保障快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit)服务质量的关键.交叉口信号优先控制策略同样需要考虑到BRT车辆起停、公共交通乘客延误、社会车辆延误等相关因素.本文以北京快速公交一号线为研究对象,在建立交叉口整体延误损失函数的基础上,研究并提出了一种适用于快速公交系统的组合控制策略.该策略将交叉口优先控制方法(绿灯提前启亮、绿灯相位延长)和站台控制方法(滞站调度)进行组合优化,在使快速公交系统享有优先权的同时,降低其对冲突相位车流的影响,减少延误损耗,同时降低了乘客上下车时间等不确定性因素对系统产生的影响.本文最后针对不同路口交通状态下的优化组合控制策略进行了仿真验证.