SURFACE MODIFICATION ON STEEL BY RARE EARTH AND LASER TREATMENT

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Effect of rare earths surface treatment on tribological properties of carbon fibers reinforced PTFE composite under oil-lubricated condition

The effect of rare earths （RE） surface treatment of carbon fibers （CF） on tribological properties of CF reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） composites under oil-lubricated condition was investigated. Experimental results revealed that RE treated CF reinforced PTFE （CF/PTFE） composite had the lowest friction coefficient and wear under various applied loads and sliding speeds compared with untreated and air-oxidated composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） study of carbon fiber surface showed that, after RE treatment, oxygen concentration increased obviously, and the amount of oxygen-containing groups on CF surfaces were largely increased. The increase in the amount of oxygen-containing groups enhanced interfacial adhesion between CF and PTFE matrix. With strong interfacial adhesion of the composite, stress could be effectively transmitted to carbon fibers; carbon fibers were strongly bonded with VITE matrix, and large scale rubbing-off of PTFE be prevented, therefore, tribological properties of the composite was improved.

Microstructure and property modifications in surface layers of a Mg-4Sm-2Al-0.5Mn alloy induced by pulsed electron beam treatments

In this work,surface modification of a Mg-4Sm-2Al-0.5Mn alloy with high current pulse electron beam(HCPEB)under different number of pulses were investigated.The evolution in microstructure,composition and phase components and properties in the surface layer before and after HCPEB treatment were characterized.It was found that the Al 11 Sm 3 and Al 2 Sm phases in the surface layer were gradually dissolved during HCPEB treatment,leading to the formation of a chemical homogeneous melted layers.Besides,deformation bands were formed in the treated layer due to the thermal stress generated during treatment.After 15 pulses treatment,the surface hardness increases to the maximum value of about 62.2 HV,about 61.2%higher than that of the untreated state.Electrochemical results show that the 15 pulses treated sample presents the best corrosion resistance in the 3.5wt%NaCl water solution by showing the highest corrosion potential(E_(corr))of-1.339V SEC and the lowest corrosion current density(I_(corr))of 1.48×10^(-6)A·cm^(-2).The results prove that the surface properties of the Mg-4Sm-2Al-0.5Mn alloy can be significantly improved by the HCPEB treatments under proper conditions.

Distribution and Behaviour of Rare Earths in Laser Coating

The behaviour of RE added into steel surface by laser rapid solidification processing(LRSP) and their effects on surface properties were studied. Experimental results show that RE can be added into steel surface layer by LRSP of RE containing coating. The RE in the steel surface can react with oxygen and sulphur, then be dissolved in the grains or grain boundaries, and form intermetallic compounds RE 2Fe 17 . The addition of RE by LRSP has very strong effects on the properties of steel surface.

Effect of Rare Earths on Tribological Properties of Carbon Fibers Reinforced PTFE Composites

Carbon fibers （CF） were surface treated with air-oxidation and rare earths （RE）, respectively. The effect of RE surface treatment on tensile strength and tribological properties of CF reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） composites was invest/gated. Experimental results revealed that RE was superior to air ox/dation in improving the tensile strength, elongation, and the tensile modulus of CF reinforced PTFE （CF/PTFE） composite. Compared to the untreated and air-oxidated CF/PTFE composite, the RE treated composite had the lowest friction coefficient and specific wear rate under a given applied load and reciprocating sliding frequency. The RE treatment effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between CF and PTFE. With strong interfacial coupling, the carbon fibers carried most of the load, and direct contact and adhesion between PTFE and the counterpart were reduced, accordingly the friction and wear properties of the composite were improved.

Evaluation of Tribological Performance of PTFE Composite Filled with Rare Earths Treated Carbon Fibers under Water-Lubricated Condition

Carbon fibers （CFs） were surface treated with air-oxidation, rare earths （RE） after air-oxidation, and rare earths, respectively. Erichsen test was conducted to study the interfacial adhesion of PTFE composites filled with carbon fibers treated with different treatment methods. Tribological properties of the PTFE composites, sliding against GCr15 steel under water-lubricated condition, were investigated on a reciprocating ball-on-disk UMT-2MT tribometer. The worn surfaces of the composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results reveal that RE treatment is superior to air oxidation in promoting tribological properties of CF reinforced PTFE （CF/PTFE） composite. The friction and wear properties of PTFE composite filled with RE treated CF are the best of the PTFE composites. RE treatment is more effective than air oxidation to improve the tribological properties of CF/PTFE composite owing to the effective improvement of interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and PTFE matrix.

Effects of Rare Earths and Al on Structure and Performance of High Chromium Cast Iron Containing Wolfram

Effects of RE and Al on the structure, impact toughness, hardness, and wear resistance of high chromium cast iron containing wolfram were investigated. The results show that without modification the volume fraction of austenite is high and the carbide appears to be thick lath and the grain size is relatively large; proper modification using RE combined with Al can reduce volume fraction of residual austenite in the as-cast structure obviously, refine grain size of primary austenite notably, and make the morphology of carbide changing from thick lath to thin lath, rosette, and feather-like modification can also increase hardness, wear resistance and impact toughness of cast iron.

Effect of surface treatment on the structure and high-rate dischargeability properties of AB_5-type hydrogen storage alloy

Surface-treated MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirring the alloy into a HCl aqueous solution with various concentrations at room temperature. The microstructure of the alloy before and after surface treatment was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The electrochemical properties before and after surface treatment were compared, and the alloy treated in 0.025 mol/L HCl solution showed the optimal high-rate dischargeability.

Effect of Surface Modification on Behaviors of Cerium Oxide Nanopowders

Study was made on the effect of surface modification on the behaviors of cerium oxide nanopowders.A surfactant-sodium dodecyl sulfate（C12H25SO4Na）was used to modify the surface of CeO2 powder particles.The unmodified and modified CeO2 powders were characterized by using a powder comprehensive characteristic tester,laser particle size analyzer,specific surface area tester,X-ray diffraction tester,and a scanning electron microscope.The testing and analysis results showed that C12H25SO4Na surface modification might increase the flowability and dispersity,and decrease the specific surface area and agglomeration of CeO2 powders.The mechanism of the surface modification of CeO2 powder particles was also discussed.

Surface modification of (Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7))Fe_(1.95) alloy by ion nitriding process

Effect of ion nitriding modification on surface hardness, corrosion resistance and magnetostriction of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloy was investigated. Results demonstrated that a 100-200 nm thick nitrided layer was formed on the sample surface by ion nitriding treatment, which improved obviously surface hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance properties of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloys. The surface hardness was increased from HV587 to HV622 after ion nitriding at 650 K for 6 h. Furthermore, ion nitriding treatment had almost no influence on mag- netostrictive performance as the nitrided layer was quite thin and the treatment temperature was not too high. The results might provide us a new approach for surface modification of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloy.

Effects on Structure and Abrasion Resistance of GCr15 Steel by Surface Gas-Phase RE Diffused Permeation with Laser Melting Solidification

The effects on abrasion resistance and the microstructure of GCr15 steel surface by the compound technology of permeating RE combined with laser melting modification was studied. The results show that after compound treatment, the abrasion resistance of samples has been improved significantly and the weight loss has been reduced to 14% of blank sample; the microstructure has been denser and more uniform than that of untreated; meanwhile, the grain has been refined and the concentration gradients of the elements permeated have been decreased obviously.

La-Ce稀土对Q345D钢夹杂物和冲击性能的影响

通过现场试验,分析了La-Ce稀土处理对Q345D结构钢夹杂物、连铸可浇性和钢种性能的影响。结果表明,RE在Q345D结构钢中的合金收得率为21.5%;与未添加RE的炉次相比,脱硫率提高了37.5%,单位夹杂物密度从80.16个/mm^(2),降低至60.78个/mm^(2);La-Ce稀土处理前钢液中夹杂物主要是MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO复合夹杂,La-Ce稀土处理对小尺寸(D≤5μm)夹杂物的改性作用较为明显,小尺寸夹杂物改性为(La-Ce-S)和(La-Ce-Al-S-O)稀土类夹杂物;La-Ce稀土处理可以明显降低钢中MnS类夹杂物的纵横比,使MnS类夹杂物在轧制后的形貌更接近椭圆形,而没有长线形,这是Q345D结构钢横向冲击功提高20%的主要原因。

Surface Oxidation of Al_2O_3/SiC Nanocomposite: Phase Transformation and Microstructure

The surface oxidation behavior of pressureless sintered Al2O3/SiC nanocomposite was studied from 1000 to 1400 ℃ for more than 10 h in air. Weight gain during the process of heat treatment was measured by TG analysis. Phase transformation and microstructure changes of these specimens due to oxidation were investigated with X-ray diffraction （XRD）, SEM and EDX technology. Thermogravimetric analysis show that the weight gain as a result of oxidation of SiC become significant above 1200 ℃. In the range of 1000 - 1300 ℃, the SiC grits are usually coated with a layer of amorphous silica after oxidation. Above 1300 ℃, the amorphous silica reacted with alumina matrix and formed mullite or crystallized into cristobalite. The rate of oxidation depends on the formation of dense cristobalite film. Large amount of needle-like mullite and alumina crystals are formed on the surface after oxidation at 1400℃.

Development on Laser Cladding Ceramic Coating

The latest progress and research status of laser cladding ceramic coating was summarized. Technique characteristics and influence factors of laser cladding technique were introduced. Laser cladding technique includes the mixing method and laser irradiation. The mixing method can be classified as pre-coating method and synchronization method. The technique parameters include size of facula, scanning speed, cladding sector and times, adding quantity of powder, thickness of coating and quantity of joint coating. The results show that proper technique parameters can be controlled in order to acquire high quality laser cladding coating. Strengthened effect mechanism of rare earth additive is concluded, and the main effects of rare earth additive are micro-alloying, purifying boundary, fining crystal grains, improving crystal boundary, restraining columnar crystal growing. The development of laser cladding ceramic coating research was discussed.

Effects of La(NO_3)_3 Treatment on Photocattalytic Activity of TiO_2 Films Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Titamum oxide coatings were formed on me titanium net surface by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in Na3PO4 solution using an AC power supply. Then the titanium oxide coatings were treated by La （NO3）3 soaking to improve the activity. The structures and photocatalytic ability of titanium oxide coatings before and after surface La （NO3）3 treatment were characterized and evaluated by XRD, SEM, EDX and photocatalytic decoloration of acid brilliant scarlet dye aqueous solution, respectively. The results show that the titanium oxide film is mainly consisted of anatase. After the La（NO3）3 treatment, the sodium ions on TiO2/ Ti film surface are replaced by lanthanum. It is found that the photocatalytic activity of the titanium oxide coatings is enhanced after La（NO3）3 treatment. When La（NO3）3 aqueous concenuration is 0.1 mol·L^-1 and soak time is 12 h, the TiO2/Ti films photocatalytic decoloration rate increases from 15% to 34.8%.

稀土及热处理对GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物特征的影响

为降低夹杂物对轴承钢疲劳性能的危害,比较研究了稀土Ce及热处理对GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物的改性行为。研究发现:稀土处理使钢中夹杂物球化、平均尺寸降低,有助于降低铝脱氧轴承钢中夹杂物的危害;热处理(1250℃)同样可以球化、细化钢中的夹杂物,夹杂物的平均尺寸、长宽比、面积分数随热处理时间(0~330 min)的增加均呈下降的趋势,继续延长热处理时间(330~510 min),铝脱氧轴承钢中大尺寸夹杂物比例增加,稀土轴承钢中球状Ce-Al-O-S均质夹杂转变为富Al相和富Ce相的非均质夹杂,对轴承钢疲劳性能危害大。在该研究条件下,铝脱氧轴承钢及稀土轴承钢热处理330 min时夹杂物特征最优。

CuO修饰CeO2纳米复合磨料的制备及抛光性能

采用乙二醇溶剂热的方法制备了分散性良好、粒径均一的球形氧化铈抛光粉,并通过浸渍法在氧化铈的表面引入氧化铜(CuO),研究了不同含量CuO对氧化铈的物相结构、比表面积、尺寸、表面形貌、氧化还原能力等的影响,结果表明,在负载范围内,CuO对氧化铈的物相结构、形貌及宏观粒度分布并无明显影响,但其比表面积以及氧化还原能力发生明显的改变。抛光测试结果表明,CuO的引入会明显改变铈基抛光粉的抛光能力。当Cu占Cu和Ce原子摩尔总量的5%时,抛光粉的抛光性能最佳,抛光速率高达213.4 nm/min,抛光后硅片表面的粗糙度仅为0.239 nm(Rq)和0.188 nm(Ra)。通过溶剂热的方法合成的氧化铈抛光粉形貌及尺寸良好,制备方法简单、生产成本低,经过CuO修饰后的氧化铈形貌及尺寸并未发生改变,抛光性能得到较大提升。该策略在提高铈基抛光粉的抛光能力方面具有一定的普适性。

高质量ZG120Mn13破碎机圆辊的生产实践

高锰钢破碎机圆辊在许多领域中具有广泛的应用前景,然而破碎机圆辊铸件制备过程中碳化物析出和晶粒粗化等问题限制了其性能的提升。针对破碎机上高锰钢圆辊的使用工况要求,通过选择合适的化学成分、微合金化、稀土变质处理等措施,获得了综合力学性能良好的破碎机圆辊铸件。研究表明,通过优化处理工艺和化学成分设计,破碎机高锰钢圆辊的性能得到了显著改善。细晶组织、细小且均匀的晶粒以及少量的碳化物和夹杂物的存在,使得高锰钢具备了较高的强度和冲击韧性。这些研究结果对于高锰钢的应用和开发具有重要的指导意义,为提高高锰钢的性能和推动相关领域的发展提供了有益的参考。

稀土在激光熔覆涂层中的分布和行为

用激光快速熔凝法研究了加入钢表层稀土的行为和分布。结果表明，因用激光处理含稀土的涂层能够使较多的稀土偏聚到钢的表层；偏聚到钢表层的过饱和稀土除与氧、硫作用外，还可固溶于晶内、晶界或晶界附近，甚至能形成金属间化合物ＲＥ２Ｆｅ１７；

稀土元素在金属表面激光处理中的应用

本文综述了稀土元素对金属表面激光处理的影响 ,着重讨论了稀土在激光熔覆、激光合金化中的作用机理 ,总结了我国在此研究领域的最新进展 。