Consistency check of degradation mechanism between natural storage and enhancement test for missile servo system

Reliability enhancement testing(RET) is an accelerated testing which hastens the performance degradation process to surface its inherent defects of design and manufacture. It is an important hypothesis that the degradation mechanism of the RET is the same as the one of the normal stress condition. In order to check the consistency of two mechanisms, we conduct two enhancement tests with a missile servo system as an object of the study, and preprocess two sets of test data to establish the accelerated degradation models regarding the temperature change rate that is assumed to be the main applied stress of the servo system during the natural storage. Based on the accelerated degradation models and natural storage profile of the servo system, we provide and demonstrate a procedure to check the consistency of two mechanisms by checking the correlation and difference of two sets of degradation data. The results indicate that the two degradation mechanisms are significantly consistent with each other.

Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale in Adults with Acquired Brain Injury

Objective: This study investigated the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) in adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. The ASAS has been shown to be superior to other clinical tools for the assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy but reliability has not been previously examined in adults. Method: Four muscle groups were rated on one occasion by four assessors using the ASAS in sixteen adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. Twelve participants returned one week later for reassessment by the same assessors. Results: Overall inter-rater reliability of the ASAS using a quadratic weighted Kappa was moderate (Kqw 0.58) with ranges from moderate to good (Kqw 0.42 - 0.70). Agreement between raters was greatest for soleus muscle and least for wrist flexors. Overall intra-rater reliability of each of the four raters was moderate to good (Kqw 0.48 - 0.79). Agreement within raters was greatest for soleus muscle and least for biceps muscle. Conclusions: The ASAS may represent an appropriate alternative to the clinical scales currently used to assess spasticity;however inter and intra-rater reliability data from this investigation are lower than those which have previously been reported by experienced users of the ASAS in children with cerebral palsy. Further investigation with a larger sample size is warranted before any firm conclusions may be drawn about the reliability and validity of this tool to assess spasticity in adults with acquired brain injury.

文件系统可靠管理方法研究

针对系统突发掉电情况下文件系统的可靠性问题,研究一种文件系统可靠管理方法,采用元数据事务管理技术,在数据更新时采用写时拷贝技术实现异地更新,采用PING PONG日志管理技术,对文件系统的空间和节点分配情况采用两级日志进行维护,系统维护两份事务点日志记录;通过逻辑卷管理关键数据的冗余存储,防止掉电时超级块数据被破坏引起系统无法正常启动。测试表明方法能够解决突发掉电情况下文件系统状态的一致性问题,实现文件系统的可靠管理。

四川地区YRY-4型钻孔应变观测资料可靠性分析

通过分析钻孔应变观测资料的干扰因素,发现四川地区YRY-4型钻孔应变受季节性降雨、钻孔水位和河水位涨落影响显著。采用钻孔应变自洽检验对钻孔应变仪观测数据进行自检,发现各台应变校正相关系数均大于0.9,说明四川地区YRY-4型应变观测资料的整体质量较高,可以用于区域地震预测和地震科学研究。

基于多尺度区域可靠性感知的半监督肺肿瘤分割

提出一种基于多尺度下一致性和区域可靠性感知的半监督学习方法,在使用少量标注数据的情况下结合未标记的数据来实现高性能的肺部肿瘤分割任务。首先,提出一种多尺度一致性均值教师框架,构建多尺度一致性损失并约束教师学生网络中多个尺度上的输出保持一致,使模型学习到更丰富的一致性知识。此外,提出一种区域可靠性感知方法使一致性学习之间的知识交换更加有效,使模型从无标注的数据中学习到更有效且可靠的知识。本文方法在医学图像分割十项全能比赛肺肿瘤数据集上进行充分的评估,与当前先进的半监督学习方法比较有更优越的性能,验证本文方法的有效性。

再议论文同行评议的可靠性——来自元分析的新证据

论文同行评议的可靠性是科学界长期探讨却又悬而未决的议题。对此,选取目前广泛使用的两种评价者间信度指标,即组内相关系数(ICC)和卡帕系数(κ)来测度论文同行评议的可靠性,并通过元分析方法针对49项发表自1974至2022年间有关论文对同行评议场景下评价者间信度的实证研究进行量化归纳,继而开展亚组分析以考察情境和程序两大类共10种因素对论文同行评议可靠性的影响及其测度指标差异,以期拓展对论文同行评议质量的认识与理解。研究结果显示:论文同行评议的可靠性总体上不甚理想(ICC=0.3611,κ=0.1947);此外,论文同行评议的可靠性受评价对象、学科门类和录用难度(3种情境因素)以及盲法形式(单一程序因素)影响显著,而且当使用不同的测度指标对论文同行评议场景下的评价者间信度加以计量时,同一种因素所表现出来的影响模式可能大相径庭。

数智化自动检测系统设计与应用

在智能制造工业4.0时代,提升产品零部件的一致性、互换性和整机的可靠性,开展数智化自动检测技术研究是必要的。基于机械制造行业推动“人机隔离、机器换人、黑灯工厂”发展,从构建智能化自动检测技术体系,设计数智化自动系统,并对智能化自动检测技术进行效能评估等多维度开展研究与应用。该自动检测系统运行,可为建设智能制造检测平台,提升产品质量稳定性,及打造“智慧工厂”等方面提供借鉴。

基于寿命特征参数研究的电磁阀可靠性寿命研究

本文提出了高铁某系统电磁阀基于寿命特征参数影响的运用可靠性评估方法。通过对电磁阀的使用环境进行模拟复现,设计加速应力试验,缩短试验周期。最终确定电磁阀的寿命特征参数为响应时间。利用响应时间评估电磁阀的可靠性寿命。结果表明,动车组电磁阀在工作条件下,约13~20年可靠性会降低,并给出了修程修制优化建议。

二极管特性参数一致性分析

电子元器件受原材料和生产工艺等因素的影响,不同个体之间参数存在差异。参数分布与电子元器件的可靠性水平有紧密的关联,关键参数分布的一致性可以作为元器件选型依据之一并为后续应用和可靠性风险评估提供数据参考。介绍了一种参数一致性分析方法,先通过正态性检验和分布转换确保样本服从正态分布,然后基于正态分布和3σ原理完成一致性分析。分别对整流二极管和齐纳二极管的关键参数进行了参数一致性分析,并根据分析结果评估了这两种类型的二极管发生参数漂移的风险。

Validity and reliability of the Ocular Motor Nerve Palsy Scale

Objective and accurate assessment of the degree of ocular motor nerve palsy is helpful not only in the evaluation of prognosis, but also for the screening of treatment methods. However, there is currently no comprehensive measure of its severity. In this study, we designed the Ocular Motor Nerve Palsy Scale and investigated its validity and reliability. Six experts were invited to grade and evaluate the scale. The study recruited 106 patients with a definite diagnosis of unilateral isolated ocular motor nerve palsy. Three physicians evaluated the patients using the scale. One of the three physicians evaluated the patients again after 24 hours. The content validity index（CVI） and factor analysis were used to analyze the scale＇s construct validity. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach＇s alpha were used to evaluate the inter-rater and test-retest reliability and the internal consistency. The CVI results（I-CVI = 1.0, S-CVI = 0.9, Pc = 0.016, K＊ = 1） indicated good content validity. Factor analysis extracted two common factors that accounted for 85.2% of the variance. Furthermore, the load value of each component was above 0.8, indicating good construct validity. The Ocular Motor Nerve Palsy Scale was found to be highly reliable, with an inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.965（P 0.01）, a test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.976（P 0.01）, and Cronbach＇s alpha values of 0.63–0.70. In conclusion, the Ocular Motor Nerve Palsy Scale with good validity and reliability can be used to quantify the severity of ocular motor nerve palsy. This study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： Chi CTR-OOC-17010702）.

Hybrid reliability model for fatigue reliability analysis of steel bridges

A kind of hybrid reliability model is presented to solve the fatigue reliability problems of steel bridges. The cumulative damage model is one kind of the models used in fatigue reliability analysis. The parameter characteristics of the model can be described as probabilistic and interval. The two-stage hybrid reliability model is given with a theoretical foundation and a solving algorithm to solve the hybrid reliability problems. The theoretical foundation is established by the consistency relationships of interval reliability model and probability reliability model with normally distributed variables in theory. The solving process is combined with the definition of interval reliability index and the probabilistic algorithm. With the consideration of the parameter characteristics of the S-N curve, the cumulative damage model with hybrid variables is given based on the standards from different countries. Lastly, a case of steel structure in the Neville Island Bridge is analyzed to verify the applicability of the hybrid reliability model in fatigue reliability analysis based on the AASHTO.

Scalable Distributed File Sharing System: A Robust Strategy for a Reliable Networked Environment in Tertiary Institutions

The bane of achieving a scalable distributed file sharing system is the centralized data system and single server oriented file [sharing] system. In this paper, the solution to the problems in a distributed environment is presented. Thus, inability to upload sizeable files, slow transportation of files, weak security and lack of fault tolerance are the major problems in the existing system. Hence, the utmost need is to build a client-server network that runs on two or more server systems in order to implement scalability, such that when one server is down, the other(s) would still hold up the activities within the network. And to achieve this reliable network environment, LINUX network operating system is recommended among others as a preferred platform for the synchronization of the server systems, such that every user activity like sending of internal memos/mails, publication of academic articles, is replicated;thereby, achieving the proposed result. Hence, Scalable Distributed File Sharing System provides the robustness required to having a reliable intranet.

科学运用RATER指数 努力提升用户满意

企业的发展离不开用户满意。运用RATER指数较为全面地论证了企业和用户的合作关系。同时,对如何科学应用RATER指数,不断赢得用户满意进行了分析和探讨,对实现企业和用户健康发展,合作共赢具有一定的现实意义。

Bias and Mean Square Error of Reliability Estimators under the One and Two Random Effects Models: The Effect of Non-Normality

The coefficient of reliability is often estimated from a sample that includes few subjects. It is therefore expected that the precision of this estimate would be low. Measures of precision such as bias and variance depend heavily on the assumption of normality, which may not be tenable in practice. Expressions for the bias and variance of the reliability coefficient in the one and two way random effects models using the multivariate Taylor’s expansion have been obtained under the assumption of normality of the score (Atenafu et al. [1]). In the present paper we derive analytic expressions for the bias and variance, hence the mean square error when the measured responses are not normal under the one-way data layout. Similar expressions are derived in the case of the two-way data layout. We assess the effect of departure from normality on the sample size requirements and on the power of Wald’s test on specified hypotheses. We analyze two data sets, and draw comparisons with results obtained via the Bootstrap methods. It was found that the estimated bias and variance based on the bootstrap method are quite close to those obtained by the first order approximation using the Taylor’s expansion. This is an indication that for the given data sets the approximations are quite adequate.

RATER模型在空管自动化服务保障中的应用

随着空管自动化设备保障能力评价研究日益增多,建立有效的设备服务保障评价体系,对未来空管系统技术保障向专业化和企业化方向发展具有重要意义。根据空管技术保障人员的长期实践,提出了一种基于信赖度、专业度、有形度、同理度和反应度(RATER)模型的服务保障评价体系,并在空管自动化设备服务保障中进行了应用,以期为空管自动化服务保障提供参考。

肩关节疼痛和功能障碍指数(SPADI)中文版介绍

肩关节疼痛和功能障碍指数(Shoulder Pain and Disability Index,SPADI)是用于测量肩关节疼痛和功能的量表,本课题组已完成英文版SPADI的汉化并发表相关论文。为进一步在国内临床研究中推广应用SPADI,经《Clinical Rheumatology》杂志编辑部允许,在此介绍中文版SPADI汉化的过程及其主要内容。本研究共纳入120名肩痛患者,结果显示中文版SPADI具有较高的内部一致性(Cronbach’s α=0.91)和重测信度(ICC=0.87),且SPADI及SPADI疼痛和功能障碍子量表评分均不存在天花板和地板效应。同时,该量表和Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分存在强相关(r=0.69)。这项研究表明,量表经跨文化翻译后,问卷设置仍然是合理的,中文版SPADI是一个有效、可靠、内部一致的肩部疾病评估量表。

中国省域数字经济发展水平综合测度与分析

文章从数字软硬件基础设施、产业数字化、创新驱动环境和数字通信业务量4个维度构建我国数字经济发展水平综合测度指标体系。基于2015—2020年我国30个省份的面板数据,采用熵值法和“厚今薄古”法计算各指标和年份的权重,对我国各省份数字经济发展水平进行测算和分析。结果表明:2015—2020我国数字经济发展水平综合指数逐年增加,数字经济处于蓬勃发展阶段,2019年和2020年数字经济发展增长速度稍有放缓;不同省份间数字经济发展水平存在较大差异,北京、上海的数字经济发展水平综合指数遥遥领先,是甘肃、黑龙江和新疆的四倍之多,但在2019—2020年,不同省份间“数字鸿沟”有所下降;最后,加入服从正态分布的随机干扰项,利用一致性信度系数验证了评价模型具有良好的稳定性。

质性研究的编码者间一致性

质性研究的编码者间一致性日渐受到研究者关注。部分研究者倾向于将编码者间一致性作为编码信度指标,以表明编码结果的可重复性与客观性。也有研究者反对这样做,他们强调资料分析结果的社会建构性,建议采取协商对话的方式发展对研究资料的多元理解。基于对以上两种态度的分析,研究进一步讨论了编码者间一致性在心理学质性研究中的适用性、编码者身份对合作编码的影响及质性研究的综合性评价等问题。

表现性评价中评分者信度估计方法的比较研究——从相关法、百分比法到概化理论

随着素质教育的推进,表现性评价受到越来越多的重视。影响表现性评价结果信度的一个重要因素是评分者之间的不一致。文章使用模拟数据,在对比评分者一致性的相关法、一致性百分比法和概化系数等各种估计方法的基础上,提出概化理论在表现性评价中评分者信度问题上的应用是理论和实践发展的有益方向。

慢性病患者健康素养量表信效度的研究

目的探索慢性病患者健康素养量表的信效度。方法对澳大利亚墨尔本大学Jordan教授等编制的Health Literacy Management Scale(HeLMS)量表进行翻译和修改,将原量表中明显不符合中国文化习惯的条目予以修改,有重复的条目保留一条。最终保留了原量表29个条目中的28条。采用多阶段分层随机抽样的原则在上海市某区抽取430慢性病患者进行问卷调查。对问卷进行了内部一致性、重测信度、内容效度、因子分析等方法来研究量表的信效度。结果量表的Cronbach’sα为0.894,问卷各维度的Cronbach’sα为0.857～0.940。重测信度Pearson相关系数为0.683,效标效度Spearman秩相关系数为0.240。因子分析的KMO值为0.887,生成4个公因子可解释68.25%的方差变异。结论所编制的慢性病患者健康素养量表具有较好的信效度。