Designing the Instrument Crank-Coupler Mechanism of Linear Output with Least Transmission Ratio Error

Movement accuracy is the key factor to be considered in designing precision instrument linkage and mini-linkage mechanisms. Although manufacturing errors, elastic deformation, kinematic pair clearance and friction factors all will have synthesis effect on the position accuracy of the mechanical system, the essential factor to guarantee the movement precision remains the kinematic dimensions. Combining the classical theory of mechanical synthesis with the modern error theory and the numerical method, the authors put forward a systematic and complete process and method of computer aided design for the instrument crank-coupler mechanism in which the follower takes the linear displacement approximately within a certain limited domain, with the design result of least transmission ratio error.

Lower bound on BER performance for maximal ratio combining with weighting errors

The theoretical lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors for typical fading channels are presented by the infinite-length and non-causal Wiener filter and the exact closed-form expressions of the lower bounds for different channel Doppler spectra are derived. Based on the obtained lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors, the limits on bit error rate （BER） for maximal ratio combining （MRC） with Gaussian distributed weighting errors on independent and identically distributed （i. i. d） fading channels are presented. Numerical results show that the BER performances of ideal MRC are the lower bounds on the BER performances of non-ideal MRC and deteriorate as the maximum Doppler frequency increases or the SNR of channel estimate decreases.

Smooth Operation with Manufacture Error and Modification of Cycloidal Pin Gearing

The paper considers the modification or the manufacture error of cycloidal gear, then analyzes the relationship of pin circle meshed with the modified cycloidal gear, discuases the amount of error that leads to destroying conjugate action and results in the changes of tbe instantaneous velocity ratio and so as to affect the smooth operation of cycloidal pin gearing. The idea of the relationship between amount of modification aud manufacture error and the smooth operation can be gotten from the curve diagrams of the instantaneous velocity ratio. Therefore, the directions for improving the reature of the cycloidal pin gear transmission are clear.

THE ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD RATIO STATISTICS IN THE PRESENCE OF MEASUREMENT ERROR

Suppose that several different imperfect instruments and one perfect instrument are independently used to measure some characteristics of a population. Thus, measurements of two or more sets of samples with varying accuracies are obtained. Statistical inference should be based on the pooled samples. In this article, the authors also assumes that all the imperfect instruments are unbiased. They consider the problem of combining this information to make statistical tests for parameters more relevant. They define the empirical likelihood ratio functions and obtain their asymptotic distributions in the presence of measurement error.

SYSTEMATIC ERROR FROM Th/U RATIO IN LUMINESCENCE AND ESR DATING

In luminescence and ESR dating methods,total count rate from thick source alpha counting is commonly used fox estimating annual dose with assumption of equal activities for both uranium and thorium decay chains.This is equal to a Th/U weight ratio of 3.2.The systematic error in total dose rate due to uncertainty of the ratio is calculated.It is found that the error is insignificant for uniformly distributed samples such as sediment,but can be significant for some extreme circumstances.

EFFICIENT BIT ERROR PROBABILITY EXPRESSION AND VERY TIGHT BOUND FOR MAXIMAL RATIO COMBINING DIVERSITY SYSTEMS OVER RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL

Bit Error Probability (BEP) provides a fundamental performance measure for wireless diversity systems. This paper presents two new exact BEP expressions for Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) diversity systems. One BEP expression takes a closed form, while the other is derived by treating the squared-sum of Rayleigh random variables as an Erlang variable. Due to the fact that the extant bounds are loose and could not properly characterize the error performance of MRC diversity systems, this paper presents a very tight bound. The numerical analysis shows that the new derived BEP expressions coincide with the extant expressions, and that the new approximation tightly bounds the accurate BEP.

Performance analysis and design of MIMO-OFDM system using concatenated forward error correction codes

This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shift keying(BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)-16 and QAM-64 with four error correction codes(convolutional code(CC), Reed-Solomon code(RSC)+CC, low density parity check(LDPC)+CC, Turbo+CC) is studied under three channel models(additive white Guassian noise(AWGN), Rayleigh, Rician) and three different antenna configurations(2×2, 2×4, 4×4). The bit error rate(BER) and the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) are taken as the measures of performance. The binary data and the color image data are transmitted and the graphs are plotted for various modulations with different channels and error correction codes. Analysis on the performance measures confirm that the Turbo + CC code in 4×4 configurations exhibits better performance.

Errors of Estimating Near-Surface Q-A statistical Approach

Although various estimating methods have been developed for measuring Q from near-surface seismic data, less thought has been given to the accuracy of Q obtained. The errors of Q depend on the ways of measuring Q and the computation techniques used in estimating. The main purpose of this paper is to give a compre- hensive evaluation for the accuracy of measuring near-surface Q. We discuss the possible origins from which errors may develop, and provide a statistical guide to the accuracy that can be expected. A set of real data based on the improved spectral ratio method for near-surface Q was used as an example of validation and sensitivity analysis. The Bonferroni procedure was adopted for deriving the joint confidence intervals for k and n of the power law model. The same approach with modest modification may be applied to analyze the accuracy of Q estimated by other methods.

Time Synchronized Velocity Error for Trajectory Compression

Nowadays,distance is usually used to evaluate the error of trajectory compression.These methods can effectively indicate the level of geometric similarity between the compressed and the raw trajectory,but it ignores the velocity error in the compression.To fill the gap of these methods,assuming the velocity changes linearly,a mathematical model called SVE(Time Synchronized Velocity Error)for evaluating compression error is designed,which can evaluate the velocity error effectively,conveniently and accurately.Based on this model,an innovative algorithm called SW-MSVE(Minimum Time Synchronized Velocity Error Based on Sliding Window)is proposed,which can minimize the velocity error in trajectory compression under the premise of local optimization.Two elaborate experiments are designed to demonstrate the advancements of the SVE and the SW-MSVE respectively.In the first experiment,we use the PED,the SED and the SVE to evaluate the error under four compression algorithms,one of which is the SW-MSVE algorithm.The results show that the SVE is less influenced by noise with stronger performance and more applicability.In the second experiment,by marking the raw trajectory,we compare the SW-MSVE algorithm with three others algorithms at information retention.The results show that the SW-MSVE algorithm can take into account both velocity and geometric structure constraints and retains more information of the raw trajectory at the same compression ratio.

JOINT LLR-CRC ERROR MITIGATION FOR TWO-WAY ADAPTIVE DENOISE-AND-FORWARD NETWORK CODING

Network Coding (NC) brings correlation between the coded signals from different sources, which makes the system more vulnerable to the decode error at relay. Conventional Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) has been implemented for error bit detection. However, its error correction is simply ignored. To fully exploit this feature, this paper proposes a novel joint Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) CRC error mitigation for NC two way relay channel. Specific thresholds are designed to estimate the error number of data block and identify those which can be recovered if the number is within the error correction scope of CRC. We examine two modes of the thresholds, one based on the average Bit Error Rate (BER) of source-relay link, while the other based on that of instantaneous one. We provide the full analysis for the Pair-wise Error Probability (PEP) performance of the scheme. A variety of numerical results are presented to reveal the superiority of the proposed scheme to conventional CRC NC under independent Rayleigh fading channels. Moreover, the efficiencies of the proposed thresholds are also validated.

Novel camera calibration method based on invariance of collinear points and pole-polar constraint

To address the eccentric error of circular marks in camera calibration,a circle location method based on the invariance of collinear points and pole–polar constraint is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the centers of the ellipses are extracted,and the real concentric circle center projection equation is established by exploiting the cross ratio invariance of the collinear points.Subsequently,since the infinite lines passing through the centers of the marks are parallel,the other center projection coordinates are expressed as the solution problem of linear equations.The problem of projection deviation caused by using the center of the ellipse as the real circle center projection is addressed,and the results are utilized as the true image points to achieve the high precision camera calibration.As demonstrated by the simulations and practical experiments,the proposed method performs a better location and calibration performance by achieving the actual center projection of circular marks.The relevant results confirm the precision and robustness of the proposed approach.

100 V输入宽频带电压比例校验系统研究

提出一种基于数字采集装置的50 Hz~10 kHz电压比例校验系统,由电压比例变换和数字采集装置构成。数字采集装置采用了通道切换技术,极大提高数字采集装置测量比例误差的准确度。电压比例变换部分由级联型感应分压器、隔离互感器及高、低压精密电压跟随器构成。为了降低分布参数引起的附加误差,设计了采用双绞线结构的双级隔离互感器;该双级互感器在10 kHz范围内幅值误差不大于5×10^(-6),相位误差不超过10μrad。利用双封装运算放大器特性匹配特征,补偿电压跟随器电路的相位响应,显著提升了低压和高压复合型电压跟随器的相位特性,10 kHz范围内,跟随器的幅值误差不大于10×10^(-6),相位误差不大于20μrad。测量结果表明,校验系统具有较好的测量准确度,50 Hz时的测量偏差不大于1×10^(-6)和1μrad,10 kHz范围内,比值误差偏差不大于80×10^(-6),相位误差偏差不大于60μrad,可满足不同频率场景下的电压比例误差测量需求。

OFDM系统中一种A-MMSE信道估计算法

针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)系统中最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Squared Error,MMSE)信道估计算法误码率(BER)高的问题,提出一种平均最小均方误差(Averaged-Minimum Mean Squared Error,A-MMSE)信道估计算法。该算法首先基于802.11n标准而构造了一种新的导频结构,收发两端分别进行降采样和过采样处理,利用已知训练序列和导频获得信道频域响应。仿真结果表明,所提出的A-MMSE信道估计算法与传统的MMSE算法相比,在BER为10^(-3)时,信噪比改善了约8dB。因而所提出的信道估计算法能明显改善系统的BER性能。

高接触比螺旋锥齿面修形方法及动态特性研究

为抑制高接触比螺旋锥齿轮传动的振动,提出一种新的高阶齿面修形方法。根据高接触比螺旋锥齿轮的啮合特点,提出一种新的修形曲线,采用辅助齿面修形方法生成高阶修形螺旋锥齿轮。在考虑齿变形的情况下,计算了高阶修正弧齿锥齿轮传动的载荷传递误差和啮合冲击,在此基础上建立了降低高接触比螺旋锥齿轮传动的载荷传递误差和啮合冲击的优化模型。仿真结果表明:与二阶修形弧齿锥齿轮相比,高阶齿面修形方法不仅可以有效降低高接触比螺旋锥齿的载荷传递误差、啮合冲击和动态负载系数,而且可以提高其在全速范围内的动态性能。

广义频分复用系统峰均功率比抑制算法

为了降低广义频分复用系统存在着多载波系统中固有的高峰均功率比问题,本文提出了一种适用于广义频分复用系统的子载波抑制高峰均功率比算法。该算法以限幅法为基础,降低了系统的高峰均功率比,但与限幅法不同的是,该算法几乎不会对带外性能及误码率性能造成影响。由于子载波抑制高峰均功率比算法的峰均功率比抑制性能略差于限幅法,因此本文进一步提出将部分序列传输与子载波抑制高峰均功率比结合来进一步抑制系统高峰均功率比的算法。仿真表明:本文提出的算法的高峰均功率比抑制性能与限幅法相同,且不会对系统的带外与误码率性能造成影响。

组织视角下的核电厂班组决策失误致因分析

为了系统研究班组决策失误规律,识别核电厂班组决策失误的关键路径,从组织视角出发,结合核电厂所处环境与班组决策失误特征对人因分析与分类系统(Human Factor Analysis and Classification System,HFACS)模型进行改进,建立了核电厂班组决策失误致因模型。利用改进后的模型对137份核电厂事件报告进行统计分析,并运用卡方检验与让步比分析班组决策失误的原因及各层次之间的内在关系。结果表明,组织文化缺失、规程不明晰、知识与能力不足、制定备选方案失误是导致班组决策失误的重要因素。改进HFACS模型中上下层级的因素之间存在显著的因果关系,且容易引发班组决策失误的路径有32条,其中发生概率最大的路径为组织设计不当→任务不明晰→压力过大→确定目标失误。由此可见,核电事故的发生是各致因因素相互作用的结果,降低班组决策失误概率需要阻断关键致因路径,加强对关键因素的管控。

应答器上行链路信号自适应解调方法的FPGA实现

为降低电磁干扰对信号传输的影响,分析了应答器上行链路信号传输过程及其易遭受干扰信号的特点,设计了基于符号最小均方误差(least mean square,LMS)算法的自适应解调方法。为在硬件平台中实现该解调方法,通过仿真计算,确定LMS算法的自适应算法中间变量变化范围,使用截位操作完成权值系数的更新,设置均衡器长度、步长因子、中值滤波系数分别为1、1/64、16,可在不占用过多硬件资源情况下获得良好的解调性能。解调算法在现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gata array,FPGA)上予以验证,实验表明,当信噪比为6 dB时,FPGA中自适应解调误码率为0.000001,在信噪比大于等于6 dB时,实测误码率与仿真分析误码率基本一致;FPGA自适应解调方法在列车不同速度等级下误码率均小于10^(-6)。

荧光测温方法的测量误差与测量不确定度分析综述

介绍了荧光测温方法的基本原理及典型系统的组成,分析了荧光测温方法中的系统误差和随机误差的主要来源,并探讨了基于数学模型的测量不确定度评估方法,指出了在荧光测温装置的研究与应用中测量误差分析和测量不确定度评估的重要性。在测量误差分析方面,需要充分考虑装置内部参数及测量环境对荧光测温参数(如荧光寿命或荧光强度比)的影响,通过优化激发光源、荧光材料、检测器、数据采集和数据处理方案,并进行环境因素分析与校准,最大程度地降低系统误差,提高测温结果的准确性。此外,研究荧光材料发光特征随温度以外其他因素变化的物理机制,可以为开发更具适应性的荧光测温材料提供理论基础。在测量不确定度评估方面,基于荧光寿命和荧光强度比的温度测量不确定度可以通过数学模型进行描述,以温度测量不确定度为依据可指导高精度荧光测温系统的优化设计和应用。

一种适用于卫星通信的自适应窄带干扰抑制方法

针对卫星通信系统中的抗干扰问题,提出一种能够根据干扰变化自适应调整策略的干扰抑制方法。该方法通过子带分割、按功率排序、依次陷波等方式进行陷波,然后对比陷波前后信号信噪比的增益,从而确定信噪比增益最大时所对应的子带陷波个数,最终得到信噪比增益最高也即性能最优的陷波方式。该方法不需要预先进行干扰检测,也不需要寻找和设置门限阈值,就可以对多种类型干扰进行自适应陷波,从而达到有效抑制包含单音、窄带、梳状或部分频带等不同干扰的目的,能够显著改善链路的通信性能,提高通信系统的抗干扰能力。

基于数据失真的雷达通信一体化OFDM波形设计方法

正交频分复用(OFDM)波形设计是实现雷达通信一体化的物理层关键技术之一。OFDM波形通常存在峰均功率比(PAPR)高,以及波形自相关旁瓣电平高的问题。该文针对现有联合降低PAPR和自相关旁瓣方法存在的通信速率下降问题,提出了一种基于数据失真的一体化波形设计方法。该文还将通信数据的误差矢量幅度作为优化目标之一,降低了数据失真引起的通信误码率。首先,构建了PAPR约束下最小化积分旁瓣比和误差矢量幅度的优化模型。其次,根据调制星座图特点,通过外围星座调制的数据失真和所有调制数据失真,将多目标高维非凸优化问题转化为两个单目标优化子问题,分别采取凸松弛操作和交替方向乘子法(ADMM)求解简化后的子问题,得到低积分旁瓣比波形和PAPR约束下的低误差矢量幅度波形。仿真结果表明该方法设计的一体化波形可满足PAPR要求,同时具有良好的感知和通信性能。