Power Ratio Gain Technique and General Integral Control

In conjunction with general integral control, and synthesizing Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques, this paper proposes a new control design technique, named Power ratio gain technique, and then by Lyapunov method, theorem to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability is established in terms of some bounded information. The highlight point is that it not only inherits all the essences of Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques but also makes up for their shortcomings, and then the conservatism of control input can be improved by compromising the Power ratio coefficients. Theoretical analysis, design example and simulation results show that Power ratio gain technique is a simple, practical and powerful tool to deal with the uncertain nonlinear system.

Equal Ratio Gain Technique and Its Application in Linear General Integral Control

In conjunction with linear general integral control, this paper proposes a fire-new control design technique, named Equal ratio gain technique, and then develops two kinds of control design methods, that is, Decomposition and Synthetic methods, for a class of uncertain nonlinear system. By Routh’s stability criterion, we demonstrate that a canonical system matrix can be designed to be always Hurwitz as any row controller gains, or controller and its integrator gains increase with the same ratio. By solving Lyapunov equation, we demonstrate that as any row controller gains, or controller and its integrator gains of a canonical system matrix tend to infinity with the same ratio, if it is always Hurwitz, and then the same row solutions of Lyapunov equation all tend to zero. By Equal ratio gain technique and Lyapunov method, theorems to ensure semi-globally asymptotic stability are established in terms of some bounded information. Moreover, the striking robustness of linear general integral control and PID control is clearly illustrated by Equal ratio gain technique. Theoretical analysis, design example and simulation results showed that Equal ratio gain technique is a powerful tool to solve the control design problem of uncertain nonlinear system.

Nonlinear General Integral Control Design via Equal Ratio Gain Technique

This paper proposes two kinds of nonlinear general integral controllers, that is, one is generic and another is practical, for a class of uncertain nonlinear system. By extending equal ratio gain technique to a canonical interval system matrix and using Lyapunov method, theorems to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability are established in terms of some bounded information. Moreover, for the practical nonlinear integral controller, a real time method to evaluate the equal ratio coefficient is proposed such that its value can be chosen moderately. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrated that not only nonlinear general integral control can effectively deal with the uncertain nonlinear system but also equal ratio gain technique is a powerful and practical tool to solve the control design problem of dynamics with the nonlinear and uncertain actions.

Intoxication Induced by Urea Containing Diets in Broiler Chickens: Effect on Weight Gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, Hematological and Biochemical Profiles

Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles. A total of 48 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups, designated Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 12 birds each. Birds in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on diets containing urea at the levels of 1%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Birds in Group 1 served as control and were not exposed to urea. Experimentation period was for 3 weeks and experiment was terminated when birds were 42 days of age. Body weight of all intoxicated birds at the various intervals was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the untreated control. Compared with control, all intoxicated broilers manifested significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in all hematological parameters involving erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) on a dose- and time-pattern. In comparison with the control levels, biochemical profile of the intoxicated birds disclosed significant decrease in blood glucose level and significant increase in serum uric acid, urea, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Based upon the present data, it was concluded that the addition of urea to broiler diets bears serious sequences concerning the general health condition, performance, weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles.

基于GainRatio降维算法的流量聚类研究

随着网络数据流量的快速增长,需要高效的流量分类技术来实现网络管理、流量控制和安全检测。传统基于端口和有效负载的流量分类方法准确率低,无监督学习方法往往仅采用单一的聚类算法对数据进行聚类分析,且较少研究对数据本身的处理。为了解决上述问题,提出了先运用GainRatio信息增益率方法对原始数据进行降维处理,再将降维后的数据进行聚类的方法。实验结果表明:提出的方法不仅有效地提高了运行效率,而且随着聚类个数的增加,也明显地提高了高准确率的收敛速度。

一种软开关推挽变换器最优谐振电感设计方法

针对储能系统应用,基于推挽DC/DC谐振变换器,提出了一种新型谐振电感设计方法,解决了采用低压电池供电的推挽升压变换器存在输入输出增益比和效率不能兼顾的问题,提高了推挽变换器的整机效率。介绍了软开关推挽变换器基本原理,分析了变换器的正反向增益特性,计算了变换器的各部分损耗,给出了损耗与死区时间的约束曲线,寻找到了最优电感量设计值,并通过仿真数据得到了验证。最后搭建了600W软开关推挽变换器实验样机,验证了该设计方法的有效性和实用性。

偶极子对激发的宽带平面端射高增益天线

文中提出了一款单向辐射特性的微带缝隙结构双偶极子宽带天线。该天线由阶梯型缝隙结构、共面双偶极子和5组引向器构成。阶梯型缝隙结构用于改善阻抗匹配,拓展了天线的带宽;共面双偶极子改善了天线的辐射特性;引向器提高了天线的增益。仿真和实测表明,该天线的相对带宽为66.4%(5.78 GHz~11.53 GHz),带内前后比为15.7 dB~27.4 dB、增益为8.4 dBi~11.9 dBi,并且天线的交叉极化低、辐射方向图稳定。该天线的良好性能使其在无线通信和雷达领域的应用具有极强的吸引力。

逐像元自适应增益成像系统的星上辐射定标方法

逐像元自适应增益成像系统通过在每个像元的电子链路中集成四档不同容积的积分电容,可以在确保高信噪比的前提下实现大动态范围的遥感成像需求。此成像系统在发射前测试时,由于甚低增益(ULG)的动态范围过大而实验室积分球能量有限,只能通过与低增益(LG)的比例系数递推来间接对ULG后半量程的输出特性标定;星载太阳定标器反射能量过大会导致高增益(HG)和中增益(MG)输出饱和也无法直接测定辐射定标系数,只可通过比例系数推定。提出一种星上增益比例系数测定的方案,分别利用四档增益的输出作为特征对实验图像分类,将不同成像目标的输出码值作为多个定标能级,利用最小二乘法线性拟合相邻增益输出后得到相邻增益的比例系数。此方案验证了实验室增益比例系数测定结果,同时在外场成像实验中用该方法计算得到的比例系数用于相邻两档增益中较低增益图像反演较高增益图像,结果与实际较高增益图像对比归一化均方误差大部分小于0.01、两图像结构相关系数基本在90%左右、数据相关系数达到90%。证明该方法测定的相邻两增益比例相关系数有较高准确性,在星上辐射定标时用于高增益辐射定标系数的递推求取有极大的可行性,解决了星上不能直接对HG、MG辐射定标的问题。

幅相误差对体积阵MVDR波束形成的影响

体积阵是一种由多个水听器组成的立体阵列,能够增大潜标接收基阵的孔径,获得较大的空间增益,工程中多将其制作成具有收合、展开功能的阵列应用于低频吊放声呐。由于各水听器通道内器件参数和幅度增益不一致,体积阵的每个阵元接收到的信号之间存在幅相误差。文中通过建立存在幅相误差时的双圆环体积阵模型,从统计学角度分析了幅相误差对其协方差矩阵、最小方差无畸变(MVDR)波束形成器的输出信噪比(SNR)、阵增益以及方位估计精度的影响。计算机仿真结果表明,阵列幅相误差的存在会导致MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益降低;对于相位误差而言,当输入SNR在-5 dB以上时,这种影响随输入SNR的增大越来越明显;对于幅度误差而言,当输入SNR在-10 dB以上时,幅度误差对MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益的影响会更显著;并且,相比于幅度误差,MVDR波束形成的方位估计精度对相位误差更加敏感。

基于自动增益控制的信号量化损耗分析

在卫星信号接收的过程中,量化是模数转换的重要环节,信号量化会带来能量损失,对于信号后续的处理产生影响,根据信号特性选取合适的量化位数和系统基准功率可以有效改善这种损失.本文采用量化前后信号信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)对比的形式来直观表示量化损耗,并给出了一般性分析公式.说明了自动增益控制(automatic gain control,AGC)模块在信号量化中的作用,结合量化损耗公式,通过确定最佳增益系数给出了一种基准功率的选取方式,使得不同SNR的信号量化损耗明显降低.仿真结果表明:在低位量化时,该方式对卫星导航信号的量化损耗能改善约1.5 dB.该分析对于接收机的设计以及工程实现具有一定的参考意义.

非均匀当量比对旋转爆震燃烧室性能影响的三维数值模拟研究

为研究入口当量比的不均匀分布对旋转爆震燃烧室性能的影响,建立了当量比在入口环缝的径向或周向的函数模型,将模型公式代入组分质量分数与当量比的关系式,得到组分质量分数在径向或周向的分布函数。通过Fluent软件中的自定义函数工具,构造入口边界组分的分布函数,利用三维瞬态欧拉方程模拟了C_(10)H_(22)/air旋转爆震燃烧室中爆震波的传播过程及流场特性,对比了不同当量比分布下爆震波及旋转爆震燃烧室性能参数的变化特征。结果表明:入口当量比的不均匀分布会影响爆震波的传播特性;当量比为0.4~1.6且沿径向非均匀分布时,随着入口面中线位置当量比的增大,爆震波的高度减小;当量比为0.4~1.6且沿周向非均匀分布时,随着变化周期数的增加,爆震波的高度几乎不受影响;当量比的不均匀分布会削弱旋转爆震燃烧室的增压效果和温升效果,沿径向不均匀分布的情况相较于沿周向不均匀分布的情况,影响更明显;旋转爆震燃烧室内,爆震波的诱导和反应区并非严格位于前导激波的正后方,而是位于前导激波的斜后方,且在曲率的影响下,在靠近燃烧室外壁面的区域,前导激波沿中径圆柱面的圆周线传播。

不同蛋白水平全价颗粒饲料对育肥公羊育肥效果对比研究

本研究主要探讨不同蛋白水平全价颗粒饲料对育肥公羊育肥效果对比。选择体重20 kg左右公羊共计120只(湖羊、澳湖杂交羊、欧拉羊、湖藏杂交羊、萨湖杂交羊各24只),每一个品种公羊随机平均分为3组,分别饲喂蛋白含量12.96%(LP组)、15.04%(MP组)、17.04%(HP组)的全价颗粒饲料,饲喂105 d,研究体重、养殖效益、体尺相关性等指标。结果显示:湖羊、澳湖、萨湖MP组和HP组羊日增重显著高于LP组(P<0.01),湖藏杂交羊3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),欧拉羊日增重HP组显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),澳湖、萨湖羊增重速度最快,日增重达到300 g以上;湖羊、澳湖、萨湖、湖藏MP组和HP组羊料重比显著低于LP组(P<0.01),欧拉羊3组差异均显著(P>0.05),不同品种羊MP组日养殖效益均优于HP组;湖羊、澳湖、萨湖、湖藏羊体重与各体尺之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),欧拉羊体重与体长呈极显著相关(P<0.01),体重与胸围、体长呈显著相关(P<0.05)。

Effect of Enteromorpha from Qingdao Coasts on Weight Gain Perform ance of Broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of enteromorpha from Qingdao coasts on weight gain of Arbor Acres broilers. Four thousands of 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups （1 000 for each）, i. e., one group was fed with basal diet as the control, and the other three were fed with basal diet added with 1.0%, 2.0% or 3.0% of enteromorpha as treatment groups. After 42 days of feeding trial, broilers in three treatment groups all gave a significantly increased average daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio in comparison with the control group （P 〈0. O1 ） ; within treatment groups, those added with 3.0% enteromorpha assumed a significantly higher average daily gain and feed to gain than with 3.0% enteromorpha （P 〈0.05）, while an insignificantly difference with 2.0% enteromorpha group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The results indicated that adding appropriate amount of enteromorpha can facilitate the improvement of broiler performance.

基于电压约束的微机械谐振器幅-频耦合抑制方法

针对微机械谐振器中存在的幅度-频率耦合带来振动稳定性变差的问题,提出了一种闭环自激控制的直流参考电压约束方法来抑制谐振器振幅。首先,从理论上分析了决定谐振器临界振幅的因素,利用计算机视觉辅助测量方法和高频方波调制方法获得相关尺寸参数及品质因数计算得到微机械谐振器的临界振幅。然后,提出频谱边带比的振动幅度测试方法实现封装后的振动幅度测试。最后,构建了自激振荡闭环测控电路分析模型,根据临界振幅计算得相应的临界直流参考电压为0.866V。恒温实验测试表明:直流参考电压为0.4 V(小于临界参考电压)时,谐振器能够稳定地保持恒定幅度振动;直流参考电压为1.0 V(大于临界参考电压)时,谐振器振动幅度不恒定,谐振器稳定性变差,所提方法通过确定临界参考电压值,并将直流参考电压约束在临界参考电压以内能有效抑制幅度-频率的耦合。

Aspect Ratio: A Major Controlling Factor of Radiation Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna

The effect of aspect ratio (width-to-length ratio) on overall radiation characteristics of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is theoretically investigated with a view to develop a concrete physical insight in to the phenomenon. The detailed variation of co polarized and cross polarized radiation performance as a function of aspect ratio is thoroughly presented. The gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna along with a radical variation of cross polarized field radiation with aspect ratio is obtained. Indeed the conjecture of occurring different fringing fields with different aspect ratio is employed to theoretically estimate the effective size of a rectangular patch, and hence to determine the quantitative change in the gain value. Close agreement amongst the theory and simulations justifies the conjecture indicating a concrete physical insight in to the fact. The aspect ratio for which the cross polarized field radiation is minimum for a particular patch is also presented and justified quantitatively.

结合增益率与堆叠自编码器的并行随机森林算法

针对大数据环境下随机森林算法存在冗余与不相关特征过多、特征子空间信息含量不足以及并行化效率低等问题,提出了结合增益率与堆叠自编码器的并行随机森林算法PRFGRSAE(parallel random forest algorithm combining gain ratio and stacked auto encoders)。首先,提出了结合非线性归一化增益率和堆叠自编码器的降维策略DRNGRSAE(dimension reduction combining nonlinear normalization gain ratio and stacked auto encoders),通过过滤特征集中的冗余和不相关特征,并利用堆叠自编码器提取特征,有效减少了冗余以及不相关特征数;其次,提出了结合拉丁超立方抽样与归一化相关度的子空间选择策略SSLF(subspace selection strategy combining Latin hypercube sampling and feature class correlation),通过对特征集进行多层划分抽样,形成空间表达度较高的特征子空间,有效保证了特征子空间的信息含量;最后,提出结合可变动作学习自动机的reducer分配策略DSVLA(distribution strategy based on variable-action learning automata),使每个数据簇均匀分配到reducer进行处理,有效提高了并行化效率。实验结果表明,PRFGRSAE算法的加速比与准确度较IMRF、KSMRF和GAPRF算法都有显著提升,因此该算法应用于大数据处理,特别对包含较多特征的数据集有更高的精准度和并行效率。

A Cooperative Diversity Analysis of Two User Mobile Communication System with Maximal Ratio Combining

Cooperative communication is going to play a vital role in the next generation wireless networks. In this paper we derive the expression for symbol error probability (SEP) of a two-user cooperative diversity system, where two users cooperate through the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. We compare the computational results obtained by the SEP expression with the simulation results using maximal-ratio combining (MRC), equal-gain combining (EGC) and selection combining (SC) techniques. Numerical results show the performance of a cooperative diversity system with maximal-ratio combining is giving better results compared to SC and EGC techniques.

The Effect of Quantitative Feed Restriction Duration on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

The growth productivity of broilers is influenced by improving growth performance through improving body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion rate. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of quantitative feed restriction duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were reared in a deep litter system until slaughter at 42 days. Chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments which were replicated three times with 16 birds per replicate. The three treatments were the control (T1), one week of feed restriction (T2), and two weeks of feed restriction (T3). Birds were fed with starter, grower and finisher diets. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed for each week. Carcass weight and internal organs weights were measured. The body weight gained by the birds in T1 was similar to the birds that were restricted for a week. The treatments had a significant effect on the average daily gain in weeks 4, 5, and 6. The ADG for T2 was higher (P < 0.05) at week 5 after 1 week of restriction, than T1 and T3. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in T3 after 2 weeks of restriction. In T2 and T3, feed intake was significantly lower than in birds fed ad libitum at week 4 at the start of the treatment. There was no significant effect on the relative weights of heart weights, liver, gizzard, feet, and heads among the treatment groups except for intestine weight which was lower (P < 0.05) in T1 than T2 and T3. It was concluded that broilers that were restricted for one week had a positive result in growth performance. Feed restriction had minimal effect on the organ weights of broiler chickens.

高斯势分段双稳随机共振在不同噪声下的轴承故障诊断

为解决经典双稳随机共振(classical bistable stochastic resonance, CBSR)在强噪声下输出信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)较低问题,将非饱和分段双稳随机共振(unsaturated piecewise bistable stochastic resonance, UPBSR)与高斯势(gaussian potential, GP)随机共振结合得到一种高斯势分段双稳随机共振(Gaussian potential piecewise bistable stochastic resonance, GPPBSR)。首先,将GPPBSR与CBSR、UPBSR的势函数分析对比;其次,以SNR和平均信噪比增益(mean signal-to-noise ratio increase, MSNRI)为衡量指标,分别在高斯白噪声和色噪声背景下通过遗传算法参数寻优得到SNR和MSNRI随系统参数的变化规律,其结果表明在两种噪声背景下,GPPBSR系统的SNR和MSNRI均优于UPBSR,抗噪性能更好;最后,为验证在不同场景下GPPBSR系统轴承故障诊断的实用性,将UPBSR和GPPBSR系统应用于6205-2RS JEM SKF和HRB 6205-2Z两种型号的轴承故障诊断中。仿真结果表明,GPPBSR系统在两种噪声背景下的故障信号诊断均是可行的,且比CBSR和UPBSR的性能更优越。

肉羊料重比预测模型及其影响因素分析

试验旨在通过文献检索与筛选,构建肉羊料重比(F/G)及F/G影响因素的数据集,建立肉羊F/G预测模型并进行其影响因素分析。通过检索中国知网、万方和Web of Science等文献数据平台,筛选包含肉羊F/G及其影响因素的文献构建数据集,采用多元回归方法构建肉羊F/G预测模型,计算模型预测偏差和预测误差,进行模型准确性评估,使用方差分解方法进行肉羊F/G的影响因素分析。结果显示,试验成功构建了包含肉羊F/G及其影响因素在内的数据集,包含文献13篇,数据43条;肉羊F/G中位数为6.60,变异范围为3.89~18.63;相关分析表明肉羊体重(BW)、相对成熟度(RM)、干物质采食量(DMI)、日粮干物质(DM)、代谢能(ME)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)均可影响F/G,且不存在共线性(Vif<5);试验构建的肉羊F/G预测模型为F/G=0.356BW-3.424RM-0.007DMI-0.038DM+0.553ME+0.375CP-0.012NDF-1.583Ca-7.016P+1.791,预测模型无显著偏移(预测偏差=0.00),均方根预测误差(RMSPE)为17.20%;方差分解结果显示本模型可解释83.00%的肉羊F/G变异,在可解释变异中,动物因素可解释60.24%的变异,日粮因素可解释39.76%的变异,其中肉羊BW和DMI是对肉羊F/G产生影响的关键因素,共解释了52.85%的F/G变异。研究表明,试验建立的肉羊F/G预测模型准确度较高,且BW和DMI是影响肉羊F/G的主要因素,可为肉羊F/G预测和调控提供参考。