Child height in Japan and South Korea increased dramatically over the past half century. At age 17 - 18 years, male students in Japan were 2 cm taller in the 1960s through 1970s, still barely taller in the 1980s than ...Child height in Japan and South Korea increased dramatically over the past half century. At age 17 - 18 years, male students in Japan were 2 cm taller in the 1960s through 1970s, still barely taller in the 1980s than S. Korean students, but by the early 1990s they ceased to grow any taller in height, whereas their Korean peers kept increasing in height to overtake their Japanese peers by 3 cm in the mid-2000s. Economic growth was rapid in both countries, but S. Korea some two decades behind Japan. Per capita GDP in Japan was four times that in S. Korea in the mid-1980s and twice in the early-2000s. Food consumption increased conspicuously in both countries, with per capita net supply of animal products in Japan noticeably exceeding that in S. Korea in the early-2000s. However, per capita total caloric intake has been a few hundred kcal/day greater in S. Korea than in Japan since the end of 1970s, mainly from cereals. In particular, S. Koreans have consumed nearly twice as many vegetables as Japanese after the early 1980s. What may deserve attention is that Japanese youth, as compared to their older generations, drastically reduced their consumption of fruit and vegetables in the mid-1970s, whereas their S. Korean counterparts have maintained their consumption of these produce. These contrasts in food consumption patterns may have contributed to the differences in child height development in the two countries.展开更多
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were cultured with “moxibustion serum”(MS), and the results were examined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that MS could enhance the proliferation of TIL,accelerate it to...Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were cultured with “moxibustion serum”(MS), and the results were examined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that MS could enhance the proliferation of TIL,accelerate it to reach the exponential growth phase, and assist recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) to enhance successively the percentage of CD3^+ positive cells, maintain the number of CD4^+ positive T cells, promote greatly the percentage of CD8^+ positive T cells among TILs, and reverse the CD4^+/CD8^+ ratio. Such cooperative effects rely on relative specificity of acupoints. It is suggested that MS is beneficial to the growth of TIL both in the aspects of proliferation and phenotypes.展开更多
The Dutch have been the world tallest since the 1980s but plateaued in height for the past few decades. A century and a half ago, young men at 20 in the Netherlands were 165 cm in mean height, as tall as men in France...The Dutch have been the world tallest since the 1980s but plateaued in height for the past few decades. A century and a half ago, young men at 20 in the Netherlands were 165 cm in mean height, as tall as men in France and Portugal. They grew to 178 cm, as tall as Norwegian in 1960</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and 183 cm in mean height in the 1990s and levelled off. It is most likely that the Dutch may have nearly attained genetic potential as a human being. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">statue is a net measure that captures the supply of inputs to health. Based on the changes in <i>per capita</i> supply of protein from animal products, FAOSTAT, the Dutch seem <span>to have reached the highest level in <i>per capita</i> supply of animal protein.</span> In<span>creases in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply of protein, however, do not result in increasing human</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> height, if consumption of other “essential nutrients” is insufficient (Blum, 2013;Mori, 2018)</span></span></span><span><span><span>[1][2]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">. With the close case studies of Japan and South Korea in respect of food consumption specifically by children in growing ages, the author sus<span>pects that children in the Netherlands may have been insufficient in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply <span>of vegetables, “essential nutrients” on the top of animal products.展开更多
Animal protein sources such as fishmeal and plasma powder are excellent and indispensable sources of energy,amino acid s,and minerals in animal production.Amino acid imbalance,especially methionine-to-sulfur amino aci...Animal protein sources such as fishmeal and plasma powder are excellent and indispensable sources of energy,amino acid s,and minerals in animal production.Amino acid imbalance,especially methionine-to-sulfur amino acid(Met:SAA)ratio,caused by an imbalance of animal protein meal leads to growth restriction.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of imbalanced Met:SAA ratio supplementation of different animal protein source diets on growth performance,plasma amino acid profiles,antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology in a piglet model.Twenty-four weaned piglets(castrated males;BW=10.46±0.34 kg),assigned randomly into 3 groups(8 piglets/group),were fed for 28 d.Three experimental diets of equal energy and crude protein levels were as follows:1)a corn-soybean basal diet with a Met:SAA ratio at 0.51(BD);2)a plasma powder diet with a low Met:SAA ratio at 0.41(L-MR);3)a fishmeal diet with a high Met:SAA ratio at0.61(H-MR).Results revealed that compared to BD,L-MR significantly decreased(P<0.05)the activities of plasma total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase,plasma amino acid profiles,and significantly reduced(P<0.05)villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum.Additionally,L-MR significantly reduced(P<0.05)the mRNA expression level of solute carrier family 7 member 9(SIC7 A9)in the ileum,and significantly increased(P<0.05)mRNA expression levels of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in the duodenum,and Claudin-1,ZO-1,sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters 2(SNAT2)and SIC7 A7 in the j ejunum.HMR significantly increased(P<0.05)plasma SAA levels,and significantly reduced(P<0.05)average daily feed intake,villus height,and villus height-to-crypt depth(VH:CD)ratio in the ileum compared to BD.In conclusion,L-MR may result in oxidative stress and villous atrophy but proves beneficial in improving intestinal barrier function and the activity of amino acid transporters for compensatory growth.H-MR may impair intestinal growth and development for weaned piglets.The research provides a guidance on the adequate Met:SAA ratio(0.51)supplementation in diet structure for weaned piglets.展开更多
文摘Child height in Japan and South Korea increased dramatically over the past half century. At age 17 - 18 years, male students in Japan were 2 cm taller in the 1960s through 1970s, still barely taller in the 1980s than S. Korean students, but by the early 1990s they ceased to grow any taller in height, whereas their Korean peers kept increasing in height to overtake their Japanese peers by 3 cm in the mid-2000s. Economic growth was rapid in both countries, but S. Korea some two decades behind Japan. Per capita GDP in Japan was four times that in S. Korea in the mid-1980s and twice in the early-2000s. Food consumption increased conspicuously in both countries, with per capita net supply of animal products in Japan noticeably exceeding that in S. Korea in the early-2000s. However, per capita total caloric intake has been a few hundred kcal/day greater in S. Korea than in Japan since the end of 1970s, mainly from cereals. In particular, S. Koreans have consumed nearly twice as many vegetables as Japanese after the early 1980s. What may deserve attention is that Japanese youth, as compared to their older generations, drastically reduced their consumption of fruit and vegetables in the mid-1970s, whereas their S. Korean counterparts have maintained their consumption of these produce. These contrasts in food consumption patterns may have contributed to the differences in child height development in the two countries.
文摘Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were cultured with “moxibustion serum”(MS), and the results were examined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that MS could enhance the proliferation of TIL,accelerate it to reach the exponential growth phase, and assist recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) to enhance successively the percentage of CD3^+ positive cells, maintain the number of CD4^+ positive T cells, promote greatly the percentage of CD8^+ positive T cells among TILs, and reverse the CD4^+/CD8^+ ratio. Such cooperative effects rely on relative specificity of acupoints. It is suggested that MS is beneficial to the growth of TIL both in the aspects of proliferation and phenotypes.
文摘The Dutch have been the world tallest since the 1980s but plateaued in height for the past few decades. A century and a half ago, young men at 20 in the Netherlands were 165 cm in mean height, as tall as men in France and Portugal. They grew to 178 cm, as tall as Norwegian in 1960</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and 183 cm in mean height in the 1990s and levelled off. It is most likely that the Dutch may have nearly attained genetic potential as a human being. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">statue is a net measure that captures the supply of inputs to health. Based on the changes in <i>per capita</i> supply of protein from animal products, FAOSTAT, the Dutch seem <span>to have reached the highest level in <i>per capita</i> supply of animal protein.</span> In<span>creases in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply of protein, however, do not result in increasing human</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> height, if consumption of other “essential nutrients” is insufficient (Blum, 2013;Mori, 2018)</span></span></span><span><span><span>[1][2]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">. With the close case studies of Japan and South Korea in respect of food consumption specifically by children in growing ages, the author sus<span>pects that children in the Netherlands may have been insufficient in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply <span>of vegetables, “essential nutrients” on the top of animal products.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0501101)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2018JJ3579)+5 种基金funded by the research program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872985)Youth Talent Program of Hunan Province(2018RS3110)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2019356)Youth Innovation Team Project of ISA,CAS(2017QNCXTD_TBE)Changsha Key Research System(kq1907074)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-35)
文摘Animal protein sources such as fishmeal and plasma powder are excellent and indispensable sources of energy,amino acid s,and minerals in animal production.Amino acid imbalance,especially methionine-to-sulfur amino acid(Met:SAA)ratio,caused by an imbalance of animal protein meal leads to growth restriction.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of imbalanced Met:SAA ratio supplementation of different animal protein source diets on growth performance,plasma amino acid profiles,antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology in a piglet model.Twenty-four weaned piglets(castrated males;BW=10.46±0.34 kg),assigned randomly into 3 groups(8 piglets/group),were fed for 28 d.Three experimental diets of equal energy and crude protein levels were as follows:1)a corn-soybean basal diet with a Met:SAA ratio at 0.51(BD);2)a plasma powder diet with a low Met:SAA ratio at 0.41(L-MR);3)a fishmeal diet with a high Met:SAA ratio at0.61(H-MR).Results revealed that compared to BD,L-MR significantly decreased(P<0.05)the activities of plasma total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase,plasma amino acid profiles,and significantly reduced(P<0.05)villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum.Additionally,L-MR significantly reduced(P<0.05)the mRNA expression level of solute carrier family 7 member 9(SIC7 A9)in the ileum,and significantly increased(P<0.05)mRNA expression levels of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in the duodenum,and Claudin-1,ZO-1,sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters 2(SNAT2)and SIC7 A7 in the j ejunum.HMR significantly increased(P<0.05)plasma SAA levels,and significantly reduced(P<0.05)average daily feed intake,villus height,and villus height-to-crypt depth(VH:CD)ratio in the ileum compared to BD.In conclusion,L-MR may result in oxidative stress and villous atrophy but proves beneficial in improving intestinal barrier function and the activity of amino acid transporters for compensatory growth.H-MR may impair intestinal growth and development for weaned piglets.The research provides a guidance on the adequate Met:SAA ratio(0.51)supplementation in diet structure for weaned piglets.