The Approaches to Narrowing Urban-Rural Income Gap——From the Perspective of Rural Social Security

From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.

Comparative Research on Prediction Model of China's Urban-rural Residents' Income Gap

By using the data concerning China's urban-rural residents' income gap from 1978 to 2010,this paper mainly researches the application of several kinds of models in predicting China's urban-rural residents' income gap.By conducting empirical analysis,we establish ARIMA prediction model,grey prediction model and quadratic-polynomial prediction model and conduct accuracy comparison.The results show that quadratic-polynomial prediction model has excellent fitting effect.By using quadratic-polynomial prediction model,this paper conducts prediction on trend of China's urban-rural residents' income gap from 2011 to 2013,and the prediction value of income gap of urban-rural residents in China from 2011 to 2013 is 14 173.20,15 212.92 and 16 289.67 yuan respectively.Finally,on the basis of analysis,corresponding countermeasures are put forward,in order to provide scientific basis for energy planning and policy formulation:first,strengthen government's function of public service,coordinate resources,and strive to provide an equal opportunity of development for social members,so as to promote people's welfare and promote social equality;second,breach industrial monopoly and bridge income gap between employees in monopoly industry and general industry;last but not the least,support,encourage and call for government to establish social relief fund,adjust residents' income distribution from the non-governmental perspective,and endeavor to promote the income level of low-income class.

Granger Causality Test of Urban-rural Income Gap and Employment of Rural Labor Forces——A Case Study of Shouguang City

Taking Shouguang City in Shandong Province as an example, this article researches the mutual relationship between urban-rural income and employment of rural labor forces, and conducting cointegration test and Granger causality test on the variable sequences using statistical data. The results show that the average annual income of rural labor forces influences the income per capita of rural residents, and there is a Granger causality relationship between the income per capita of rural residents and urban employees' average wage. Engaging in production concerning agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery makes the total income per capita in rural areas of Shouguang City higher than the average wage of urban residents in Shouguang City, even in Weifang City. The comparative advantage in terms of income causes the city to loose attraction to rural residents in Shouguang City. The comparative advantage drives more rural labor forces in Shouguang City to engage in primary industry, thereby greatly reducing the pressure of employment and transfer of rural labor forces. Finally important following measures are put forward to promote employment and on-the-spot transfer of rural labor forces: vigorously propel agricultural industrialization; increase rural residents' income; improve the living conditions for rural residents.

Research on the Impact of Rural Labour Forces Transfer on the Urban-rural Income Based on Economics of Discrimination

On the basis of the analytical frame of discrimination, the thesis establishes a model of transfer of rural labour forces into city, and researches the impact of rural labour forces transfer on urban-rural income. The results show that the transfer of rural labour forces into city can increase urban-rural income and bridge the income gap between city and village to a certain extent. However, the capital stock of city in China is greatly more than that of the village, so the rural labour forces transfer cannot eliminate the urban-rural income gap completely. In order to elevate the rural income level in China and narrow urban-rural income gap, the government should paint a picture with two brushes at the same time: on one hand, the government should promote the transfer of rural labour forces into city, and change the status quo of dual urban-rural labour forces market structure; on the other hand, the government should increase the input in rural areas and promote the increase of rural capital stock so as to further increase rural residents' income in the process of labour forces transfer.

Influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income from the perspective of transmission asymmetry

Based on time series data of RMB exchange rate and urban-rural income, this paper makes an empirical study for the influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income by utilizing rolling regression model through direct and indirect transmission mechanisms. According to the results, the transmission effect of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income has features of incompleteness and asymmetry. Moreover, RMB appreciation will help to reduce the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, this paper suggests that the Chinese economy should accelerate the course of transforming mode, adjusting structure and promoting development under the new normal. Meanwhile, reform of RMB exchange rate mechanism should be promoted, living standard of residents must be improved, and the urban-rural income gap should be reduced.

The Impact of the Upgrading of Industrial Structure in the Yangtze River Delta on the Urban-Rural Income Gap

Firstly,this paper conducts theoretical analysis and current situation analysis,and then proposes research hypotheses.Secondly,using spatial Dubin model and partial differential method,it empirically studies the impact of industrial structure advancement and rationalization on the urban-rural income gap.The results show that:(1)Both industrial structure and urban-rural income gap have significant spatial dependence;(2)The increase in the industrial structure rationalization will narrow the urban-rural income gap in local region,while its spillover effect on neighboring areas is not obvious.(3)The impact of the industrial structure advancement on the urban-rural income gap is not linear.It is first expanded and then narrowed.The industrial structure advancement in the Yangtze River Delta will generally narrow the urban-rural income gap at this stage.Finally,this paper put forward relevant suggestions.

Piketty’s Capital-Income Theory Reconsidered for a Small Open Economy with Increasing Savings Rate

Since Piketty offered a new view of capital/income ratio, numerous attempts have been made to examine the relationship between return on capital, economic growth and the capital/income ratio. This paper attempts to shed new light on this field. More precisely, following recent literatures that pay attention to dynamics of external balance sheets of countries, we examine if Piketty’s results for large countries are robust for a country that takes the world rate of return on capital as given and whose savings rate increases gradually from negative value. It is revealed that for such a country, (1) Kuznets curve is drawn and (2) capital/income ratio decreases in accordance with a rise in savings rate and return on capital.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

劳动收入变化中的要素收入结构和技能溢价:理论与估计

提高劳动报酬在收入分配体系中的比重是构建新发展格局和实现共同富裕的重要驱动力,本文基于2010—2021年沪深A股上市公司构成的面板数据,从技能溢价和劳资收入比的视角出发,采用固定效应和Tobit模型探讨其对劳动收入份额的影响、作用机制以及其中存在的异质性。研究发现,技能溢价和劳资收入比对劳动收入份额呈显著的负向影响,在经过内生性问题处理和一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,技能劳动雇佣比对技能溢价有显著的负向影响。因此,应继续推动技术创新和引导技术进步,改善不同技能劳动要素收入及资本要素收入的关系,以实现高质量发展与共同富裕的双赢。

地方政府债务对城镇化的影响机制及中介效应

地方政府债务扩张是我国政府主导、投资驱动型传统城镇化模式的重要动能和必然表现。然而,当前地方债问题日益显现,地方城投平台高杠杆主导城镇化模式亟待转型。基于2002-2020年全国31个省份数据,运用个体固定效应与工具变量模型,实证分析地方政府债务对新型城镇化的影响机制及中介效应和调节效应后发现:地方债扩张对城镇化产生先促进再抑制的非线性影响,债务扩张初期有利于完善城市基础设施和促进就业,但后期资本效率下降和对私人投资的挤出凸显;地方债通过抬高房价-收入比、刺激固定资产投资进而促进城镇化;老龄化程度越高的地方政府越倾向通过债务扩张拉动城镇化;但是服务业就业会减缓地方债对城镇化的促进效果。因此,高城镇化水平区域要更加严控地方政府债务规模,约束地方城投公司行为,地方财政支出更多偏向养老支持、住房保障等普惠性公共服务,发挥第三产业就业对城镇化作用。

新业态从业人员参加养老保险的成本收益与收入再分配效应——基于共同富裕视角

基于个人和社会角度,意在探讨哪种参保选择能同时满足个人的“成本收益”效应最大化和社会的“收入再分配”效应最大化,以达到推进共同富裕的效果。采用2018年中国劳动力动态调查微观数据(CLDS),构建精算模型研究发现:新业态从业人员基本养老保险全覆盖可使养老金成本收益比增加,使养老金基尼系数减小;养老金成本收益比随城职保参保率提高而增大,基尼系数随城职保参保率提高而减小;提升城职保参保率与增加缴费指数相结合的政策可以发挥更大的成本收益效应和收入再分配效应。为实现共同富裕的伟大目标,应加快推进新业态从业人员社会保险全覆盖,鼓励新业态从业人员参加城职保。

沿江典型区域杨树大径材人工林复合经营技术研究

本文对杨树大径材培育周期内的5个典型复合经营模式生长和经济效益进行分析,选择出适宜长江沿江典型区域种植的杨树大径材复合经营模式。结果表明:参试林农复合经营模式下杨树的胸径、树高、单位面积蓄积量分别比纯林增加15.31%(YM)~20.92%(YYD)、9.52%(YM)~11.31%(YY)、45.66%(YM)~61.38%(YYD)。采用间作模式的6年生杨树复合经营总收益均大于杨树纯林,杨树间作模式的总产值为杨树纯林的2.78(YM)~4.47倍(YYD)。采用多作物间作模式总收益及总产值明显高于单作物间作模式。其中套种6年杨树-油菜-黄豆(YYD)模式累计总收益(11 905元/667m^(2))最高,杨树-小麦-黄豆(YMD)累计总收益(11 599元/667m^(2))次之。5个模式下6年生杨树木材收益由高到低依次为:YYD(7 244元/667m^(2))>YMD(7 197元/667m^(2))>YY(7 106.5元/667m^(2))>YM(6 539.6元/667m^(2))>YC(4 408.48元/667 m^(2))。杨树-油菜-黄豆(YYD)是促进大径材杨树生长、材积和经济效益最高的优选模式。此研究旨在为长江沿江典型区域杨树的大径材培育和复合经营策略提供参考。

基于改进成本收入比法的DRG成本核算模式探索与实践

成本收入比法以病案首页的费用分类划分服务单元,进行成本收入归集,存在一定缺陷,通过对成本收入比法进行优化,将服务单元细化为作业中心,引入作业成本费率作为分摊参数,构建DRG成本核算模型,为DRG成本核算方法的应用提供参考。结果显示,改进的成本收入比法可以快速、有效地核算DRG成本,核算结果更为精细,对帮助医院实现多维度精细化管理具有重要作用。

Does Chinese Environmental Policy Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Central Environmental Protection Inspection

This paper investigates the effect of environmental policy on income inequality.It focuses on the central environmental protection inspection led by the central government in China.Using a diference-in-diferences approach,it finds evidence that environmental regulation decreased the per capita income and enlarged the gap between urban and rural income while showing an insignificant effect on employment.Although the policy can reduce pollution levels and bring environmental benefits in aggregate,the findings of this study suggest that the regulations appear to have reduced the proportion of manufacturing industry and hindered general innovation and investment from entrepreneurs,which resulted in greater inequality.Rural residents suffered more from environmental regulation due to relatively high migration costs and their disadvantaged human resources on the aspects of health,education level,and skills.The local government's execution incentive can also play a key role in the effectiveness of environmental policy.Regions with lower GDP growth targets and younger government leaders were affected significantly with regard to the income growth of local residents and the urban-rural income gap.

二元超声速混压式进气道亚临界稳定裕度研究

为了研究内收缩比和来流马赫数对二元超声速混压式进气道亚临界稳定裕度的影响规律及失稳机制,采用二维非定常仿真方法研究了内收缩比(ICR)为1.04~1.25的进气道在来流马赫数Ma0为2.4的条件下,以及内收缩比为1.08的进气道在来流马赫数为2.2~2.8条件下,其由稳态向失稳状态转变的过程。研究结果表明:(1)当Ma0=2.4时,在1.04≤ICR≤1.12内,随着ICR增加,亚临界稳定裕度ζ减小;1.16≤ICR≤1.25内,随着ICR增加,亚临界稳定裕度增大。(2)在内收缩比为1.08的条件下,马赫数变化引起的分离激波角和分离包再附压升两个关键因素变化共同主宰着进气道亚临界稳定裕度的变化趋势。(3)总体上,根据稳定亚临界初始状态的三相点无量纲高度?b是否大于1可将进气道的亚临界稳定裕度变化情形分为两类,当?b<1时,ζ随着?b的增加而减小;当?b> 1时,ζ随着?b的增加而增加。

金融学视域下的共同富裕:学理基础与实现路径

通过引入资本收入比和资本收益率与一国资本收入份额之间的关系分析,阐释了资本收入份额不断集中、贫富不断分化背后的金融学学理基础,并在学理分析基础上,对老龄化、金融化等部分经济现象如何影响共同富裕进行了理论推断。这既实现了解当下经济社会现象与共同富裕之间理论联系的目的,也为相关主题的实证研究提供了基础性理论支撑。在此基础上,研究还系统性阐述了金融结构与贫富分化之间的理论联系,以及金融结构影响财富不均等的四大传导路径,首次以金融结构改革为视角阐述了消除不均等、推进共同富裕的理论基础及具体举措,为后续研究进一步探索如何通过金融结构改革来推动共同富裕既提供了理论框架,又提供了行动路径,上述思考与结论实现了以金融学为视角拓展共同富裕改革路径的研究目标。

城镇住房保障政策研究——基于黄石保障房的调查分析

随着我国城镇化进程的持续推进,适应新增城镇人口的保障性住房需求与日俱增。基于湖北省黄石市保障房的调查研究,深入剖析了该市在保障性住房实践与创新策略方面的举措。文章采用住房可支付能力指标,对黄石市及其行政区的住房租赁情况进行了详尽的统计分析,并借助ARMA模型对租金收入比进行了实证研究。研究结果显示,黄石市在住房支付能力上存在显著的区域差异。基于此,文章提出了完善保障性住房政策、强化政府监管、推动多元化融资机制等策略,旨在为黄石市乃至全国保障性住房政策实践提供决策参考。

我国居民杠杆率对居民收入差距的影响——基于CFPS的实证分析

在居民杠杆率不断攀升与居民收入差距过大这两大问题并存的当下,为实现全面共同富裕的政策目标,基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)所提供的2010—2018年共5期微观家庭部门的非平衡面板数据,就居民杠杆率对居民收入差距的影响效应及传导机制进行深入探究,并进一步将居民家庭样本分为城镇样本与农村样本进行异质性检验。研究发现:居民杠杆率的提高会扩大居民收入差距,且城镇地区的影响效应大于农村地区;居民杠杆率通过金融资产投资、房地产投资以及生产经营活动影响居民收入差距,其中房地产投资渠道的影响效应最大,其次为家庭金融资产投资渠道,最后为生产经营活动渠道。为控制居民杠杆率的上升,缩小居民收入差距,应持续控制居民杠杆率、科学追踪资金流向、引导金融资源向农村倾斜。

The Impact of Education Input on Labor Migration and Inequality in China

By introducing a general equilibrium framework to China's dual economic structure, this paper studies the microscopic mechanism of education input to narrow the urban-rural income gap and how to improve the allocation efficiency of education funds in China's "new normal" economy. The empirical analysis results show that education input is effective in narrowing the urban-rural income gap and achieving a Pareto improvement state in both direct and indirect ways. However, the effect of education input at different stages varies. In particular, the impact of compulsory education on improving inequality is more significant than the other education levels. With adjustment for the macroeconomic slowdown, raising fiscal expenditures on education can improve potential economic growth by promoting human capital accumulation and labor productivity in the long run. In all, education input can promote labor migration and narrow the urban-rural income gap, which is conducive to alleviating the contradiction of the structural transformation lag in employment and achieving inclusive growth targets.

The Effects of Financial Structure on Urban-Rural Income Gap Viewed through Economic Growth and Urbanization

From the perspective of economic growth and urbanization,this paper proposes several hypotheses on how financial structure affects urban-rural income gap combining with the stylized facts of Chinese economy,and then uses a panel data of 29 provinces over 1996-2015 to conduct empirical analysis.Theoretical analysis shows that owing to the distinct availability of urban and rural residents for financial services,financial structure has a distinct impact on their income disparity.Meanwhile,through the function of credit allocation,financial structure plays important roles in the processes of economic growth and urbanization,and then has indirect effects.The results indicate that increasing the ratio of direct financing has a direct impact on shrinking the urban-rural income gap,and has an indirect impact through economic growth and urbanization.More importantly,the intermediary effect of urbanization is stronger than that of economic growth.Therefore,releasing the controls on financial markets helps shrink the urban-rural income gap in China.