It is generally believed that Edgar Allan Poe’s detective stories feature the ratiocination of C.Auguste Dupin,a detective Poe has created.However,this paper aims to demonstrate that there is actually an undercurrent...It is generally believed that Edgar Allan Poe’s detective stories feature the ratiocination of C.Auguste Dupin,a detective Poe has created.However,this paper aims to demonstrate that there is actually an undercurrent of irrationality in Poe’s detective stories.First of all,ratiocination,by definition,refers to inference,or deductive rules.It is also a type of the Enlightenment thinking that is closely related to reason or rationality.In detective fiction,it is the detective’s ability to analyze the clues and reason out the truth.It is true that Dupin’s ratiocination predominates in Poe’s detective stories.However,a closer look will reveal that Dupin’s ratiocinative processes in these stories are in fact blended with his speculation or imagination,namely,elements of irrationality.That is,beneath Dupin’s seemly seamless ratiocinative model is indeed an undercurrent of irrationality.To find out the origin of this undercurrent,we have to research the historical background of Poe’s detective stories.In the era of Poe’s detective stories,the Enlightenment is the dominant thinking,while there is also a resistant force developing at the same time,Gothicism.The Enlightenment puts a premium on reason;in contrast,Gothicism is often equated with irrationality,whose manifestations include horror or imagination.Poe,who is deemed as the“romantic ironist”,is a writer who is uniquely capable of making two statements with opposite meanings simultaneously.So as he indicates that ratiocination will lead to the truth in his detective stories,he may as well implies that imagination or speculation will also fulfill the same purpose.In addition,Poe excels in absorbing contraries;thus,he infuses both rationality and irrationality into his detective stories.For Poe,the latter has to be subdued by the former.As a consequence,the former plays a pivotal role in Poe’s detective stories,while the latter ends up as an undercurrent.展开更多
This paper presents a novel fuzzy pulse skip modulation （FPSM） controller for switching direct current to direct current （DC-DC） converters based on fuzzy ratiocination modeling approach. Owing to the optimal cons...This paper presents a novel fuzzy pulse skip modulation （FPSM） controller for switching direct current to direct current （DC-DC） converters based on fuzzy ratiocination modeling approach. Owing to the optimal consideration during the design and the nonlinear characteristics of the controller, improved dynamic responses of the FPSM controller can be achieved over conventional controllers. Compared with conventional proportion integral derivative （PID） control, FPSM control has 60% lower overshoot and 10% lower setting time under the same input voltage and output load change. The presented approach is general and can be applied to other types of DC-DC converters.展开更多
基金This paper is adapted from my Ph.D.dissertation,“Say the unsaid,repair the fractures-On the narrative ruptures in Edgar Allan Poe’s detective stories”.Here,in addition to thanking the anonymous reviewer for his or her opinions on this paper,I would like to express my deepest appreciation for my Ph.D.dissertation advisors,Professor Frank W.Stevenson,and Professor Eva Yin-I Chen.And I must also be thankful to Professor Chin-Yuan Hu,Professor Yi Ping Liang,and Professor Brian D.Phillips,all three of whom participated in my oral defenses and proofread my Ph.D.dissertation.
文摘It is generally believed that Edgar Allan Poe’s detective stories feature the ratiocination of C.Auguste Dupin,a detective Poe has created.However,this paper aims to demonstrate that there is actually an undercurrent of irrationality in Poe’s detective stories.First of all,ratiocination,by definition,refers to inference,or deductive rules.It is also a type of the Enlightenment thinking that is closely related to reason or rationality.In detective fiction,it is the detective’s ability to analyze the clues and reason out the truth.It is true that Dupin’s ratiocination predominates in Poe’s detective stories.However,a closer look will reveal that Dupin’s ratiocinative processes in these stories are in fact blended with his speculation or imagination,namely,elements of irrationality.That is,beneath Dupin’s seemly seamless ratiocinative model is indeed an undercurrent of irrationality.To find out the origin of this undercurrent,we have to research the historical background of Poe’s detective stories.In the era of Poe’s detective stories,the Enlightenment is the dominant thinking,while there is also a resistant force developing at the same time,Gothicism.The Enlightenment puts a premium on reason;in contrast,Gothicism is often equated with irrationality,whose manifestations include horror or imagination.Poe,who is deemed as the“romantic ironist”,is a writer who is uniquely capable of making two statements with opposite meanings simultaneously.So as he indicates that ratiocination will lead to the truth in his detective stories,he may as well implies that imagination or speculation will also fulfill the same purpose.In addition,Poe excels in absorbing contraries;thus,he infuses both rationality and irrationality into his detective stories.For Poe,the latter has to be subdued by the former.As a consequence,the former plays a pivotal role in Poe’s detective stories,while the latter ends up as an undercurrent.
基金This was work supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60436030.
文摘This paper presents a novel fuzzy pulse skip modulation （FPSM） controller for switching direct current to direct current （DC-DC） converters based on fuzzy ratiocination modeling approach. Owing to the optimal consideration during the design and the nonlinear characteristics of the controller, improved dynamic responses of the FPSM controller can be achieved over conventional controllers. Compared with conventional proportion integral derivative （PID） control, FPSM control has 60% lower overshoot and 10% lower setting time under the same input voltage and output load change. The presented approach is general and can be applied to other types of DC-DC converters.
