Effects of stress dependent electrochemical reaction on voltage hysteresis of lithium ion batteries

Intercalation of lithium ions into the electrodes of lithium ion batteries is affected by the stress of active materials, leading to energy dissipation and stress dependent voltage hysteresis. A reaction-diffusion-stress coupling model is established to investigate the stress effects under galvanostatic and potentiostatic operations. It is found from simulations that the stress hysteresis contributes to the voltage hysteresis and leads to the energy dissipation. In addition, the stress induced voltage hysteresis is small in low rate galvanostatic operations but extraordinarily significant in high rate cases. In potentiostatic operations, the stresses and stress induced overpotentials increase to a peak value very soon after the operation commences and decays all the left time. Therefore,a combined charge-discharge operation is suggested, i.e., first the galvanostatic one and then the potentiostatic one. This combined operation can not only avoid the extreme stress during operations so as to prevent electrodes from failure but also reduce the voltage hysteresis and energy dissipation due to stress effects.

Influence of chemical reaction on heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian fluid with yield stress by free convection from vertical surface in porous medium considering Soret effect

The effect of chemical reaction on free convection heat and mass transfer for a non-Newtonian power law fluid over a vertical flat plate embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium has been studied in the presence of the yield stress and the Soret effect. The governing boundary layer equations and boundary conditions are cast into a dimen- sionless form by similarity transformations, and the resulting system of equations is solved by a finite difference method. The results are preSented and discussed for concentration profiles, as well as the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number for various values of the parameters, which govern the problem. The results obtained show that the flow field is influenced appreciably by the presence of the chemical reaction parameter γ the order of.the chemical reaction parameter m, the Soret number St, the buoyancy ratio N, the Lewis number Le, and the dimensionless rheological parameter Ω.

Effect of Reaction Layers on the Residual Stress of the Brazed TiC Cermets/Steel Joints

For the first time, considering the effect of reaction layers, numerical simulation calculation of residual stress on brazed TiC cermets/steel joint was studied by finite element method （FEIVl）. The calculation results show that, when the joint is brazed at 1123 K for 300 s （low brazing parameters）, the maximum shear stress value occurs on （Cu, Ni） layer near TiC cermets, which is 92.16 MPa as the temperature is 300 K. When the joint is brazed at 1273 K for g00 s （high brazing parameters）, the maximum shear stress value occurs on （Cu, Ni）＋（Fe, Ni） layer, which is 39.18 MPa as the temperature is 300 K. The fracture sites of the joints obtained from numerical simulation calculation accord with experimental results.

EFFECT OF STRESS-INDUCED REACTIONS ON MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND PROCESSABILITY OF PVC DURING PAN-MILLING

The effect of pan-milling on morphological structure,processability and properties of PVC was studied throughSEM,FTIR,granulometer,GPC and mechanical properties test in the hope of gaining ease in operation,needless ofplasticizers,a clean and efficient route for improving the processability of PVC through stress-induced reactions,fulfilling the idea of“plasticizing PVC by itself”.The experimental results show that during pan-milling at ambienttemperature,within 2-3 min,the microcrystalline structure of PVC becomes indistinct,the grain size of PVC is reducedfrom 130-160 μm to 1-50 μm the molecular weight of PVC is slightly decreased,the variation of molecular weightdistribution is indistinct,the plasticizing time and torque at balance drop a great deal from 71-132 s to 31-33 s and from18.2-22.1 Nm to 14.7-18.4 Nm,respectively,the processability of PVC is markedly improved,and the mechanicalproperties get enhanced too.

International study of the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome:Implications for transdiagnostic clinical practice

BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries,and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS).AIM To investigate CSRS,Type A(psychiatric symptoms,spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)),with or without long-coronavirus disease(COVID)residuals(CSRS,Type B,neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue,excluding systemic symptoms).Our two-tailed hypothesis was that CSRS is a condition related to an unrecognized type of stress reaction in daily life in the general population(Type A)or that it is related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its long-COVID residuals(Type B).METHODS 977 individuals in four continents(North America,Europe,Australia and the Middle East)completed the online study questionnaire in six languages using the Qualtrics platform.The study was managed by six teams in six countries that promoted the study on social media.The questionnaire assessed anxiety,depression,stress symptoms and PTSD(CSRS,Type A),cognitive deficits and fatigue(CSRS,Type B).The data were analyzed using Proportion Analyses,Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance(MANCOVA),linear regression analyses and validated clinical cutoff points.RESULTS The results of the Proportion Analyses showed that the prevalence of 4 symptoms spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and PTSD was significantly higher than the most prevalent combinations of fewer symptoms across 4 continents,age groups,and gender.This supports the transdiagnostic argument embedded in the CSRS(Type A).The same pattern of results was found in infected/recovered individuals.The prevalence of the 4 psychiatric symptoms combination was significantly greater than that of 5 and 6 symptoms,when adding cognitive deficits and fatigue,respectively.MANCOVA showed a significant three-way interaction(age×gender×continent).Further analyses showed that the sources of this three-way interaction were threefold relating to two sub-populations at-risk:(1)Individuals that self-identified as non-binary gender scored significantly higher on all 4 psychiatric symptoms of the CSRS,Type A at young age groups(<50 years old)in North America compared to(self-identified)women and men located in the 4 continents studied,and to other ages across the adult life span;and(2)This pattern of results(CSRS,Type A)was found also in women at young ages(<40 years old)in North America who scored higher compared to men and women in other continents and other ages.Linear regression analyses confirmed the MANCOVA results.CONCLUSION These results show a combined mental health risk factor related to stress reactivity,suggesting that the CSRS is sensitive to populations at risk and may be applied to future identification of other vulnerable sub-populations.It also supports the transdiagnostic approach for more accurate prevention and treatment.Time will tell if such transdiagnostic syndromes will be part of the discussions on the next revisions of the traditional classification systems or whether the crisis in psychiatry further evolves.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ACUPUNCTURE ON ALLEVIATION OF STRESS REACTION INDUCED BY TRACHEAL INTUBATION IN GENERAL ANESTHESIA

By summarizing the formation of stress reaction induced by tracheal intubation and method of medicinal control, the recognition of Chinese medicine in treatment of cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension with acupuncture and the clinical application of acupuncture on stress reaction induced by tracheal intubation, it is concluded that the side effects of tracheal intubation are inevitable, even though there are many methods presented for the prevention and treatment for it. In recent years, the functions of acupuncture in anesthesia, especially in regulation of circulatory properties have been developed gradually and have been applied by many physicians in controlling the stress reaction induced by tracheal intubation in general anesthesia. Being a kind of dual-directional and positive regulation and stimulation, acupuncture provides definite and safe effects on controlling the stress reaction induced by tracheal intubation.

The Roots of Psychological Trauma and Post-TraumaticStress Reaction/Disorders and the Intervention

Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals＇ inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.

Ameliorated stress related proteins are associated with improved cardiac function by sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase gene transfer in heart failure

Background Previous studies showed that overexpression of sarco-endoplasmic retieulum calcium ATPase （SERCA2a） in a variety of heart failure （HF） models was associated with greatly enhanced cardiac performance. However, it still undefined the effect of SERCA2a overexpression on the systemic inflammatory response and neuro-hormonal factors. Methods A rapid right ventricular pacing model of experimental HF was used in beagles. Then the animals underwent recombinant adeno-associated vires 1 （rAAV1） mediated gene trans- fection by direct intra-myocardium injection. HF animals were randomized to receive the SERCA2a gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein （control） gene, or equivalent phosphate buffered saline. Thirty days after gene delivery, the cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic testing. The protein level of SERCA2a was measured by western blotting. The proteomic analysis of left ventricular （LV） sample was determined using two-dimensional （2-D） gel el^ctrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS. The serum levels of the systemic inflammatory and neuro-hormonal factors were assayed using radioimmunoassay kits. Results The cardiac function improved after SERCA- 2a gene transfer due to the significantly increased SERCA2a protein level. Beagles treated with SERCA2a had significantly decreased serum levels of the inflammatory markers （interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a） and neuro-hormonal factors （brain natriuretic peptide, endothelin-1 and angiotensin II） compared with HF animals. The myocardial proteomic analysis showed that haptoglobin heavy chain, heat shock protein （alpha-crystallin-related, B6） were down-regulated, and galectin-1 was up-regulated in SERCA2a group compared with HF group, companied by up-regulated contractile proteins and NADH dehydrogenase. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that regional intramyocardial injections of rAAV 1-SERCA2a vectors may improve global LV function, correlating with reverse activation of the systemic inflammatory, excessive neuroendocrine factors and the stress-associated myocardial proteins, suggesting that the beneficial effects of SERCA2a gene transfer may involve the attenuation of stress-associated reaction.

Effect of Beak Trimming Stress on the Apoptosis and Its Related Protein Expression of Chicken Spleen

Beak trimming was a part of routine husbandry for poultry industry,which was the most efficient and economic way to reduce the incidence of cannibalism.However,the controversy about young chicken trimming still exits and it was drawing more concern recently along with the popular of animal behavior and welfare theory.To evaluate the influence of beak trimming on young chicken spleen development and find the key regulators of the spleen development,in this study,the electron microscope technique,flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of beak trimming stress on the spleen development.The result of electronic microscope showed that significant stress response could be found in chicken spleen cells after beak trimming.Cell volume became larger,chromatin of cell nuclear agglutinated conglobation,cytoplasm formed more vacuole,and mitochondria emerged vacuolization phenomenon in splenic lymphocyte after beak trimming.From the flow cytometry,the lymphocyte of spleen in the control group and experimental group were mainly in G1 phase,and the remaining small amount was in S and M phases.Of interest,the number of the lymphocyte which are in G1 phase within immune organ in the experimental group were more than that in the control group,but the number of cells in S and M phases were less than that in the control group.And beak trimming decreased the lymphocytes proliferation index of spleen.Inmmuohistochemical result showed that the beak trimming stress did not affect the expression sites of two apoptosis-related genes,Bcl-2 and Bax,in the spleen.But the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased while Bax increased in chicken immune organs after beak trimming.Furthermore,the beak trimming increased spleen cell apoptosis with a time-dependant style.Our findings may make a contribution to the active precaution of stress response.

Transient analysis of diffusive chemical reactive species for couple stress fluid flow over vertical cylinder

The unsteady natural convective couple stress fluid flow over a semi-infinite vertical cylinder is analyzed for the homogeneous first-order chemical reaction effect. The couple stress fluid flow model introduces the length dependent effect based on the material constant and dynamic viscosity. Also, it introduces the biharmonic operator in the Navier-Stokes equations, which is absent in the case of Newtonian fluids. The solution to the time-dependent non-linear and coupled governing equations is carried out with an unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson type of numerical schemes. Numerical results for the transient flow variables, the average wall shear stress, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are shown graphically for both generative and destructive reactions. The time to reach the temporal maximum increases as the reaction constant K increases. The average values of the wall shear stress and the heat transfer rate decrease as K increases, while increase with the increase in the Sherwood number.

Peritraumatic Behavior Questionnaire- Observer Rated: Validation of the objective version of a measure for combatrelated peritraumatic stress

AIM: To validate the first third-person-rated measure assessing combat-related peritraumatic stress symptoms and evaluate its psychometric properties and war-zone applicability.METHODS: The valid assessment of peritraumatic symptoms in the theater of military operations represents a significant challenge in combat-related, mental health research, which mainly relies on retrospective, subjective self-report ratings. This longitudinal observational study used data from actively deployed troops to correlate third-person observer ratings of deployment peritraumatic behaviors [Peritraumatic Behavior Questionnaire- Observer Rated(PBQ-OR)] collected on a bimonthly basis with post-deployment(1-wk follow-up) ratings of the previously validated PBQ self-rate version(PBQ-SR), and(3-mo follow-up) clinician assessed and self-report posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms(Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, PTSD Checklist). Cronbach's alpha(α) and correlation coefficients were calculated to assess internal reliability and concurrent validity respectively. RESULTS: Eight hundred and sixty male Marines were included in this study after signing informed consents at pre-deployment(mean age 23.2 ± 2.6 years). Although our findings were limited by an overall sparse return rate of PBQ-OR ratings, the main results indicate satisfactory psychometric properties with good internal consistency for the PBQ-OR(α = 0.88) and high convergent and concurrent validity with 1-wk post-deployment PBQSR ratings and 3-mo posttraumatic stress symptoms. Overall, later PBQ-OR report date was associated with higher correlation between PBQ-OR and postdeployment measures. Kappa analysis between PBQOR and PBQ-SR single items, showed best agreement in questions relating of mortal peril, desire for revenge, and experience of intense physical reactions. Logistic regression demonstrated satisfactory predictive validity of PBQ-OR total score with respect to PTSD caseness(OR = 1.0513; 95%CI: 1.011-1.093; P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Since no comparable tools have been developed, PBQ-OR could be valuable as real-time screening tool for earlier detection of Service Members at risk.

Psychological Impacts Related to Stress and Fear during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes and Psychological Disorders as Risk Factors

Background and Aims: Patients and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia, causing, consequently, the impaired quality of life. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of health-related quality of life and disease control. A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS- CoV-2), a pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected several sector activities, including people’s health. To enhance infection control methods, appropriate interventions, and public health policies, the present study aims to assess the fear and peri-traumatic stress during the COVID-19 inBrazil. Method: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted from April 12th to 18th from 2020, using the Peri-Traumatic Distress Scale (CPDI) and the Fear Scale (FCV-19S) aiming to measure the peri-traumatic stress and fear as psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, an online spreadsheet was used to send the questionnaire and scales to a sample of 1844 participants as a collecting information tool. After the data analysis, the individuals were separated into 4 groups: Group 1 (1232) population without chronic health conditions;group 2 (298) patients with previous psychological suffering, group 3 (229) patients with cardiovascular diseases, group 4 (71) patients with diabetes. For analysis, G1 were considered control for comparison with groups 2, 3 and 4. Results: All the groups showed the CPDI and FCV-19S increased in comparison with the G1 group. Concerning CPDI, the G 3 was increased when compared to G1, G2 and G4. The G3 had the FCV-19S higher in comparison with G1, G2 and G4. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed a statistical difference between the control group in comparison with 2 and 3 groups (Mann-Whitney p < 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Brazilian population, with patients with heart disease and hypertension presenting the highest numbers of stress and fear, with numbers comparable and even higher than those who reported previous psychological distress.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Early Stage of Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rats

Objective: To investigate the role of oxidative stress and immunoinflammatory reaction in early stage of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods: 96 adult male SD rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 48 in each): sham group and DAI group. Rat diffuse axonal injury was induced by a rat instant lateral head rotation device, which was developed to let the rat head spin 90 degree at the moment to cause shearing injury. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS), histomorphology, PI staining, GFAP immunofluorescent staining, SOD activity, CAT activity, MDA content and western blotting (IL-6,IL-1, JNK and p-JNK) in parietal cortex were investigated at 6 h, 1 d and 3 d after DAI. Results: The neurological severity scores, GFAP positive cell, PI positive cells, MDA, IL-6, IL-1, JNK and p-JNK were significantly increased and the SOD and CAT activities were decreased after DAI. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and immunoinflammatory reaction played important roles in DAI pathophysiological process in acute phase.

七氟烷预处理对1-甲基-4苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢吡啶诱导的急性帕金森病小鼠的神经保护作用

目的探讨七氟烷预处理对1-甲基-4苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的急性帕金森病(PD)小鼠的神经保护作用。方法选取36只SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠并随机分为4组,每组9只。七氟烷组暴露于2%七氟烷2h,PD组腹腔注射MPTP20mg/kg,七氟烷预处理+PD组预先暴露于2%七氟烷2h,复苏后于小鼠腹腔注射MPTP,对照组腹腔注射等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液。比较4组行为学指标、黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元数量、脑组织炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、氧化应激指标[丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)]水平。结果PD组、七氟烷预处理+PD组悬挂试验掉落潜伏期均短于对照组、七氟烷组,悬挂试验评分低于对照组、七氟烷组,爬杆试验转向时间、总时间均长于对照组、七氟烷组,且七氟烷预处理+PD组悬挂试验掉落潜伏期长于PD组,悬挂试验评分高于PD组,爬杆试验转向时间、总时间均短于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PD组、七氟烷预处理+PD组黑质区TH阳性神经元数量均少于对照组、七氟烷组,七氟烷预处理+PD组黑质区TH阳性神经元数量多于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PD组、七氟烷预处理+PD组脑组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于对照组、七氟烷组,七氟烷预处理+PD组脑组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平低于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PD组、七氟烷预处理+PD组脑组织MDA水平均高于对照组、七氟烷组,GSH水平低于对照组、七氟烷组,且七氟烷预处理+PD组脑组织MDA水平低于PD组,GSH水平高于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七氟烷预处理对MPTP诱导的急性PD模型小鼠具有保护作用,可改善运动功能,其作用机制可能与七氟烷预处理的抗炎、抗氧化应激相关。

血清miR-29b miR-320表达水平与烧伤患者增生性瘢痕组织炎性反应和氧化应激反应的关系

目的探讨血清miR-29b、miR-320表达水平与烧伤患者增生性瘢痕组织炎性反应和氧化应激反应的关系。方法选取94例烧伤患者设为研究组,另选取同期42名健康体检者设为对照组。检测并比较两组受试者血清mi R-29b、miR-320表达水平,炎性反应指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)]和氧化应激反应指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)],采用Pearson法分析研究组患者血清mi R-29b、miR-320表达水平与炎性反应和氧化应激反应指标关系。结果研究组患者血清miR-29b、miR-320、SOD表达水平均低于对照组(P<0.01),血清TNF-α、IL-6、MDA表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组患者血清miR-29b、miR-320表达水平分别与TNF-α、IL-6、MDA表达水平呈负相关,与SOD表达水平呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论烧伤患者血清miR-29b、miR-320呈低表达水平,且其表达水平与增生性瘢痕组织炎性反应和氧化应激反应具有相关性,mi R-29b、miR-320可能通过调控应激反应和炎性反应指标因子参与烧伤患者增生性瘢痕组织发生与进展。

采用miR-148a低表达人绒毛膜滋养细胞构建的子痫前期模型细胞活力、焦亡、炎性和氧化应激反应观察

目的观察采用微小RNA-148a(miR-148a)低表达人绒毛膜滋养细胞系HTR-8/SVneo构建的子痫前期(Preeclampsia,PE)模型细胞的细胞活力、焦亡、炎症和氧化应激反应。方法取对数生长期人绒毛膜滋养细胞系HTR-8/SVneo,分为甲、乙、丙、丁组:甲组细胞用抑制miR-148a表达的miR-148a inhibitor转染24 h,加入100 ng/L的LPS培养24 h(建立PE模型);乙组细胞用空白对照NC-inhibitor转染24 h,加入100 ng/L的LPS培养24 h;丙组加入100 ng/L的LPS培养24 h;丁组不做任何处理。培养48 h时,采用qRT-PCR法检测各组细胞miR-148a,采用CCK8法检测各组细胞活力,采用TUNEL法测算各组细胞焦亡率,采用Western Blotting法检测各组细胞焦亡相关蛋白Caspase-1、GSDMD,采用ELISA法检测各组上清液炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6]及氧化应激指标[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]。结果与丁组相比,丙组细胞miR-148a相对表达量高,培养24、48、72 h时OD值低,细胞焦亡率高,细胞Caspase-1、GSDMD蛋白相对表达量高(P均<0.05);与乙组相比,甲组细胞miR-148a相对表达量低,培养24、48、72 h时OD值高,细胞焦亡率低,细胞Caspase-1、GSDMD和NLRP3蛋白相对表达量低(P均<0.05)。与丁组相比,丙组细胞上清液TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平高,细胞GSH和SOD表达降低、MDA表达升高(P均<0.05);与乙组相比,甲组细胞上清液TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平低,细胞GSH和SOD表达升高、MDA表达降低(P均<0.05)。结论miR-148a低表达HTR-8/SVneo细胞构建的PE模型细胞活力高,细胞焦亡程度、炎性反应及氧化应激反应低。miR-148a可能是PE的治疗靶点之一。

血府逐瘀汤联合胸腔镜手术治疗创伤性血气胸的临床疗效及对应激反应和凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨血府逐瘀汤联合胸腔镜手术治疗创伤性血气胸的临床疗效及对应激反应和凝血功能的影响。方法:将72例创伤性血气胸患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各36例。对照组采用胸腔镜进行手术并给予机械通气,观察组在对照组基础上联合血府逐瘀汤进行治疗。比较两组临床治疗总有效率、气滞血瘀症状评分、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、肺活量(VC)、最大通气量(MVV)、用力肺活量(FVC)]、应激反应指标[皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、胰岛素(Ins)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)]、凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和D-二聚体(D-D)],以及术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组患者临床治疗总有效率为97.22%,高于对照组的83.33%,有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,对照组及观察组患者气滞血瘀症状评分、Cor、NE、Ins、AT-Ⅱ、FIB水平均降低,FEV1、VC、MVV、FVC、PT、APTT、TT和D-D均升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者气滞血瘀症状评分、Cor、NE、Ins、AT-Ⅱ、FIB水平均降低,FEV1、VC、MVV和FVC显著升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤联合胸腔镜手术治疗创伤性血气胸效果理想,可显著改善患者肺功能和凝血功能,减少应激反应。

冬凌草甲素调节HMGB1/TLR4信号通路对急性牙髓炎大鼠的改善作用

目的探讨冬凌草甲素调节高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路对急性牙髓炎大鼠的改善作用。方法将SD大鼠分为冬凌草甲素高剂量组(20 mg/kg)、冬凌草甲素低剂量组(10 mg/kg)、冬凌草甲素高剂量+rHMGB1组(20 mg/kg冬凌草甲素+8μg/kg rHMGB1)、模型组、对照组,每组10只。记录大鼠面部梳理时间以评估疼痛行为学变化;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-8、IL-10、趋化因子(CX3CL1)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)水平;检测牙髓组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠牙髓组织病理学改变;RT-qPCR检测HMGB1 mRNA和TLR4 mRNA表达;Western blotting检测HMGB1、TLR4、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、p-NF-κB、B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)蛋白水平。结果与模型组相比,冬凌草甲素低、高剂量组大鼠面部梳理时间、血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-8、CX3CL1、HO-1水平、牙髓组织MDA含量、HMGB1 mRNA和TLR4 mRNA表达、HMGB1、TLR4、p-NF-κB/NF-κB、Bax蛋白表达降低,血清IL-10水平、牙髓组织SOD活性、Bcl-2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);重组蛋白rHMGB1可部分逆转冬凌草甲素对急性牙髓炎大鼠的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论冬凌草甲素可能通过抑制HMGB1/TLR4信号通路降低急性牙髓炎大鼠炎症反应、氧化应激,抑制组织细胞凋亡,减轻牙髓组织损伤,缓解牙髓炎。

玄参提取物对脑缺血再灌注损伤小鼠氧化应激及炎症反应的影响

目的探讨玄参提取物对脑缺血再灌注损伤(CRI)小鼠氧化应激及炎症反应的影响。方法将60只SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组、正常组、阳性对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,每组各12只。模型组、阳性对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组建立小鼠CRI模型。建模前,低、高剂量组小鼠术前分别给予5、20 mL/kg玄参提取物灌胃;阳性对照组给予20 mL/kg辛伐他汀灌胃;模型组和正常组术前分别给予等量0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,均1次/d,连续5 d。采用Bederson评分法和Longa评分法评价小鼠神经功能;采用Morris水迷宫实验测定小鼠找到平台的时间(潜伏期)和穿越平台次数;采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)水平,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)水平;采用ELISA法测定血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平;测量小鼠脑梗死体积百分比。结果与正常组比较,其他各组Bederson评分、Longa评分、MDA水平、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平、脑梗死体积百分比均明显增高,而SOD水平明显降低(均P<0.05);与模型组比较,阳性对照组、低剂量组与高剂量组Bederson评分、Longa评分、MDA水平、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平、脑梗死体积百分比均明显降低,而SOD水平明显增高(均P<0.05);与阳性对照组和低剂量组比较,高剂量组Bederson评分、Longa评分、脑梗死体积百分比、MDA水平、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明显降低,而SOD水平明显增高(均P<0.05)。其他各组第1、2、3、4天潜伏期均长于正常组(均P<0.05);阳性对照组、低剂量组与高剂量组第1、2、3、4天潜伏期均短于模型组(均P<0.05);高剂量组第1、2、3、4天潜伏期均短于阳性对照组和低剂量组(均P<0.05)。结论玄参提取物对脑缺血再灌注损伤小鼠有较好的保护作用,可显著改善小鼠神经功能,明显缩小小鼠脑梗死体积,其机制可能与改善氧化应激及减轻炎症反应有关。

加味黄芪桂枝五物汤口服联合当归四逆汤熏洗佐治糖尿病周围神经病变临床评价

目的探讨加味黄芪桂枝五物汤口服联合当归四逆汤熏洗佐治糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的临床疗效。方法选取医院2022年7月至2023年11月收诊的DPN患者86例,根据治疗方法的不同分为对照组(41例)和观察组(45例)。两组患者均常规控制血糖、增强免疫及营养神经,观察组患者在此基础上加用加味黄芪桂枝五物汤口服联合当归四逆汤熏洗。两组均以14 d为1疗程,治疗3个疗程。结果观察组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组的78.05%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的中医证候主症评分、次症评分及总评分均显著降低(P<0.05);多伦多临床评分系统评分均显著降低(P<0.05);腓总神经与正中神经的感觉神经传导速率和运动神经传导速率均显著加快(P<0.05);血清基质金属蛋白酶9、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3炎性小体水平均显著降低,血清超氧化物歧化酶水平均显著升高(P<0.05);血清丙二醛水平均显著降低(P<0.05);且观察组各指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率相当(11.11%比7.32%,P>0.05)。结论加味黄芪桂枝五物汤口服联合当归四逆汤熏洗佐治DPN,可改善患者临床症状,提高神经传导速率,减轻炎性反应与氧化应激反应。