Ecological toxicity of reactive X-3B red dye and cadmium acting on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Ecological toxicity of reactive X\|3B red dye and cadmium in both their single form and their combined form on wheat was studied using the experimental method of seed and root exposure. The single factor exposure indicated that the inhibitory rate of wheat root elongation was significantly increased with the increase in the concentration of the dye in the cultural solution, although seed germination of wheat was not sensitive to the dye. The toxicity of cadmium was greatly higher than that of the dye, but low concentration cadmium (<40 mg/L) could promote the germination of wheat seed. Interactive effects of the dye and cadmium on wheat were complicated. There was no significant correlation between the inhibitory rate of seed germination and the concentrations of the dye and cadmium. Low concentration cadmium could strengthen the toxicity of the dye acting on root elongation. On the contrary, high concentration cadmium could weaken the toxicity of the dye acting on root elongation.

电解法处理C.I. Reactive Red 241、C.I. Disperse Blue 56模拟染料废水的研究

以C.I.Reactive Red 241、C.I.Disperse Blue 56模拟染料废水为对象,研究了电解法处理该类染料废水的优化条件。考察了起始电压、电解时间、溶液初始p H对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在p H=7,U=14V、I=3.2A、t=30min的条件下,C.I.Reactive Red241模拟染料废水的脱色率可达到86%以上;在p H=7,U=14V、I=3.2A、t=25min的条件下,C.I.Disperse Blue 56模拟染料废水的脱色率可达到79以上%。

Burial Records of Reactive Iron in Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds from Southern Tibet

One of the new directions in the field of Cretaceous research is to elucidate the mechanism of the sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to oceanic red beds. A chemical sequential extraction method was applied to these two types of rocks from southern Tibet to investigate the burial records of reactive iron. Results indicate that carbonate-associated iron and pyrite are relatively enriched in the black shales, but depleted or absent in red beds. The main feature of the reactive iron in the red beds is relative enrichment of iron oxides （largely hematite）, which occurred during syn-depostion or early diagenesis. The ratio between iron oxides and the total iron indicates an oxygen-enriched environment for red bed deposition. A comparison between the reactive iron burial records and proxies of paleo-productivity suggests that paleo-productivity decreases when the ratio between iron oxides and the total iron increases in the red beds. This phenomenon could imply that the relationship between marine redox and productivity might be one of the reasons for the sedimentary transition from Cretaceous black shale to oceanic red bed deposition.

Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon （ZVI/AC）, microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite （MDEL/NaCIO） and the combination of ZVI/AC- MDEL/NaCIO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaCIO had much higher degradation efficiency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The effects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic effect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaCIO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaCIO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDLfNaCIO degraded the aromatic amine products effectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation efficiency.

Response of Reactive Phosphorus Burial to the Sedimentary Transition from Cretaceous Black Shales to Oceanic Red Beds in Southern Tibet

The mechanism of sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to the oceanic red beds is a new and important direction of Cretaceous research. Chemical sequential extraction is applied to study the burial records of reactive phosphorus in the black shale of the Gyabula Formation and oceanic red beds of the Chuangde Formation, Southern Tibet. Results indicate that the principal reactive phosphorus species is the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） in the Gyabula Formation and iron oxides-associated phosphorus （FeP） in the Chuangde Formation which accounts for more than half of their own total phosphorus content. While the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） is almost equal in the two Formations; the iron oxidesassociated phosphorus is about 1.6 times higher in the Chuangde Formation than that in the Gyabula Formation resulting in a higher content of the total phosphorus in the Chuangde Formation. According to the observations on the marine phosphorus cyde in Modern Ocean, it is found that preferential burial and regeneration of reactive phosphorus corresponds to highly oxic and reducing conditions, respectively, leading to the different distribution of phosphorus in these two distinct type of marine sediments. It is the redox-sensitive behavior of phosphorus cycle to the different redox conditions in the ocean and the controlling effects of phosphorus to the marine production that stimulate the local sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shale to the oceanic red beds.

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Almost all the studies both domestic and international using white rot fungus for dye wastewater treatment are performed under sterile conditions. However, it is obviously unpractical that wastewater with dyes is treated under sterile conditions. A feasible study was made for using white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade reactive brilliant red K-2BP dye under non-sterile conditions. The results showed that there was no decolorizing effect under non-sterile condition if white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile condition, and the decolorization was always near to 0% during decolorizing test for 3 d; in the meantime, a lot of yeast funguses were found in liquid medium when white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile conditions; however, if white rot fungus was incubated under sterile condition firstly, its decolorization was above 90% under non-sterile condition, which was similar to that of sterile condition. So we point out that the treating process for wastewater with dyes should be divided into two stages. The first stage is that white rot fungus should be incubated under sterile conditions, and the second stage is that reactive brilliant red K-2BP is decolorized under non-sterile conditions. The method not only save the operation cost which decolorizing reactive brilliant red K-2BP under sterile condition, but also provide the feasibility for using white rot fungus to degrade wastewater with dyes under non-sterile conditions.

Effects of adsorption interferents on removal of Reactive Red 195 dye in wastewater by chitosan

Reactive Red 195, which is an azoic anionic dye characterized by the presence of five sulfonic groups and one azoic group, is efficiently removed using chitosan. The increasing chitosan dose had a dramatic positive impact on the achieved color removal, there was approximately a linear relationship between chitosan dose and color removal of dye before color removal reach maximum. Also, the increase of dye concentration led to the increase of chitosan dosage in order to get the same color remova l.92 mg/L of chitosan dosage was sufficient to achieve complete remove of dye at initial concentration of dye at 200 mg/L. For the higher concentrations of dye, high dosages were necessary to reach complete color removal. On the other hand, the use of adsorption interferents（Fe^2＋ , Na^＋ , HCO3^- and others） can be interesting, addition of ions had effect on the color removal of Reactive Red 195. Comparing with blank, addition of chemical species approximately decreased the color removal except Na^＋ and combination of Fe^2＋ ＋ HCO3^- . However, comparing with Fe^2＋ alone and HCO3^- alone, combination of Fe^2＋ ＋ HCO3^- increased the color removal.

Variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous membrane bioreactor for Reactive Brilliant Red X3-B treatment

The influence of a Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B （RBR X-3B） dye on the peroxidase isoenzyme ofPhanerochaete chrysosporium was determined, and the biofilm structure in a white rot fungal continuous membrane bioreactor （MBR） was also investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate in the continuous MBR were evaluated. The results showed that the 100 mg/L RBR X-3B could stimulate the production of the peroxidase isoenzyme in the shaking-flask culture. In addition, two new peroxidase isoenzyme bands with relative mobility （Rf） value of 0.27 and 0.28 appeared, but the activity was lower than the blank control of 11 d. In the continuous MBR, the system worked stably during the first 60 d, the main peroxidase isoenzyme bands existed and three new bands with Rf value of 0.10, 0.27, and 0.28 appeared. Meanwhile, the biofilm grew well and the average decolorization rate could reach 90.6%. But the bands of peroxidase isoenzyme decreased rapidly at day 65, only two bands with Rf value 0.24 and 0.26 existed, and the decolorization rate decreased to 78.3%. Therefore, 5 bottles of P. chrysosporium mycelial pellet were added into the MBR, and then the activity of the peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate had a slight recovery. Finally, the decolorization rate finally decreased to 75.2%. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm in continuous MBR by white rot fungi.

Sorption of wastewater containing reactive red X-3B on inorgano-organo pillared bentonite

Bentonite is a kind of natural clay with good exchanging ability. By exchanging its interlamellar cations with various soluble cations, such as quaternary ammonium cations and inorganic metal ions, the properties of natural bentonite can be greatly improved. In this study, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA), CaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3 were used as organic and inorganic pillared materials respectively to produce several kinds of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, Al-organo pillared bentonites. Sorption of reactive red X-3B on them was studied to determine their potential application as sorbents in wastewater treatment. The results showed that these pillared bentonites had much improved sorption properties, and that the dye solutions’ pH value had some effect on the performance of these inorgano-organo pillared bentonites. Isotherms of reactive X-3B on these pillared bentonites sug-gested a Langmuir-type sorption mechanism.

Kinetics, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Reactive Red 239 Dye from Aqueous Solution by Chitosan 8B

The adsorption of reactive red 239 (RR239) dye onto chitosan 8B was studied in aqueous solution at various pHs, initial dye concentrations, ionic strengths and temperatures, respectively. The adsorption of dye onto chitosan 8B was confirmed by diffuse reflectance electronic absorption spectra. The adsorption of RR239 onto chitosan 8B was greatly influenced by solution pHs, initial dye concentrations, ionic strengths and temperatures. The kinetics and mechanism of dye adsorption process were analyzed by pseudo first-, second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The adsorption kinetics of RR239 dye followed a pseudo second-order model very well. The surface sorption and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms were involved in the actual sorption process. The equilibrium isotherm data were fitted well with the Langmuir model rather than the Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The maximum dye adsorption onto chitosan 8B was estimated to be 163.93 μmol/g at 45°C. The activation energy (Ea) was obtained to be 23.30 kJ/mol. The computed thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH, ΔS, ΔG, ΔH and ΔS confirmed that the adsorption of RR239 dye onto chitosan 8B was a spontaneous endothermic physisorption process. Desorption test was carried out in NaOH solution (pH 12.5) and the chitosan flakes could be reused.

Removal of Reactive Red 198 from aqueous solution by combined method multi-walled carbon nanotubes and zero-valent iron:Equilibrium,kinetics,and thermodynamic

Dyes often include toxic,carcinogenic compounds and are harmful to humans' health.Therefore,removal of dyes from textile industry wastewater is essential.The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the combination of zero valent iron(ZVI) powder and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) in the removal of Reactive Red 198(RR198) dye from aqueous solution.This applied research was performed in a batch system in the laboratory scale.This study investigated the effect of various factors influencing dye removal,including contact time,p H,adsorbent dose,iron powder dose,initial dye concentration,and temperature.The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using three common adsorption models:Langmuir,Freundlich and Temkin.Besides,kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were used to establish the adsorption mechanism.The results showed,in pH =3,contact time = 100 min,ZVI dose = 5000 mg·L^(-1),and MWCNTs dose = 600 mg·L^(-1)in 100 mg·L^(-1)dye concentration,the adsorption efficiency increased to 99.16%.Also,adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model.Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm(R2= 0.99).The negative values of ΔG0and the positive value of ΔH0(91.76) indicate that the RR198 adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.According to the results,the combination of MWCNTs and ZVI was highly efficient in the removal of azo dyes.

活性赤泥-聚吡咯复合材料对活性黄-145染料的吸附研究

染料是一种结构复杂、具有剧毒的有机化合物,对人体毒害作用大。本研究制备了一种基于活性赤泥(activated red mud,ARM)和聚合吡咯(polypyrrole,PPy)的吸附剂,并应用于水溶液中染料的吸附脱除。通过吸附实验研究了溶液pH、吸附剂种类、吸附时间、添加量和染料初始浓度对吸附过程的影响,并对ARM-PPy复合材料进行分析表征,阐明了活性黄染料-145(RYD-145)的吸附作用机制。RYD-145在ARM-PPy上的吸附过程与三种吸附等温线关联极好(R2>0.99),其中Langmuir吸附最合适。根据Langmuir吸附模型的拟合结果,RYD-145的最大吸附量是442.5 mg/g。热力学研究表明,RYD-145分子在ARM-PPy的吸附过程中,焓变(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)均增加,这表明该过程为吸热过程,且表面RYD-145分子排列具有随机性。研究表明,ARM-PPy具有高效处理阴离子和阳离子染料污染废水的能力,且具有较好的成本效益。

棉织物活性艳红X-3B泡沫法给碱-湿蒸印花

为降低活性染料印花的水耗能耗和电解质与氨氮排放,借助泡沫法给湿过程对印花棉织物施加碱剂,随后直接湿蒸固色。探讨了所制备泡沫的耐碱稳定性,研究汽蒸时间和碱剂用量对活性艳红X-3B泡沫法给碱-湿蒸印花的影响,并分析综合印花效果。结果表明:含4g/L APG10、12g/L CMC-Na的发泡原液在pH值为12.92时,泡沫的初见液时间和破裂半衰期仍分别高达16.8min和67.5min;质量分数为3%的活性艳红X-3B采用泡沫法给碱-湿蒸印花的适宜条件为碳酸钠40g/L、102℃汽蒸4min;所得织物具有良好的颜色递深性、花型轮廓清晰度和图案颜色均匀性,干、湿摩分别在4~5级和3级及以上。

生长抑素联合低分子肝素对高脂血症性AP患者血液高凝状态、PCT、CRP及RAAS的调节作用

目的探讨生长抑素联合低分子肝素对高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(HLAP)患者血液高凝状态、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响。方法以平顶山市第二人民医院宝丰分院2020年1月至2023年1月收治的66例HLAP患者为研究对象,根据治疗方案将患者分为参照组(33例)和联合组(33例)。参照组采用生长抑素治疗,联合组采用生长抑素联合低分子肝素治疗。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状改善时间、治疗前后血液流变学指标(红细胞聚集指数、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度)、血清RAAS指标[血管紧张素-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)、肾素(E)、醛固酮(ALD)]、血清PCT、CRP、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、热休克蛋白27(HSP27)水平。结果联合组临床总有效率(96.97%)高于参照组(75.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组肠道功能恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、腹膜炎体征及腹痛消失时间短于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后联合组红细胞聚集指数、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度及血浆黏度降低幅度大于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后联合组血清E、Ang-Ⅱ、ALD水平低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,各组治疗后血清PCT、CRP、HSP70、HSP27水平明显降低,其中联合组降低幅度更为显著,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生长抑素联合低分子肝素治疗HLAP疗效显著,能够改善血液高凝状态,减轻炎症反应,有利于患者病情恢复。

Red Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Methanolic Extract Increases Extracellular Nucleotide Hydrolysis in Rat Serum

Ectonucleotidases are enzymes involved in nucleotides metabolism. The amount of circulating nucleotides may modulate distinct pathophysiological processes in the vasculature, including platelet aggregation and vascular tone. Onion (Allium cepa L.) phenolic compounds modulate enzymatic activity. The present study evaluated the total phenolic content of red onion methanolic extract, its antioxidant capacity, and its ability to interfere in nucleotides hydrolyses in rat serum. Total phenolic content was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent using gallic acid as a standard, while total flavonoid content was obtained through the aluminum chloride colorimetric method with quercetin as a standard. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated from the ability of the extract to scavenge ABTS·+ and DPPH· radicals. ATP, ADP, AMP, and p-Nph-5'-TMP hydrolyses were colorimetrically determined in response to different onion extract concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500, or 1000 μg/mL). Phenolic content of the extract was 54.35 mg GAE 100 g-1 sample, while flavonoid content was 7.22 mg quercetin g-1 sample. The IC50 value for ABTS·+ was 374.13 ± 7.52 μg/mL, while it was 440.29 ± 15.17 μg/mL for DPPH·. Red onion extract increased ADP and p-Nph-5'-TMP hydrolysis. The results confirmed that red onion contains high content of antioxidant, mainly flavonoids, and high antioxidant capacity. Additionally, biochemical studies suggest that the increased ADP breakdown may be important to regulate vascular processes. As it occurs for other enzymes, the antioxidant capacity of onion extract may neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and favor ectonucleotidase activity and the hydrolysis of ADP, a major platelet agonist.

早期营养管理对急性胰腺炎患者预后及TBIL、CRP、RDW的影响

目的 探究早期营养管理对急性胰腺炎患者预后及总胆红素(TBIL)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)的影响。方法 选取2021年8月至2022年3月北京积水潭医院的急性胰腺炎患者129例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=64)与观察组(n=65),对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础上予以早期营养管理,两组均护理至出院日。记录两组肠功能恢复时间,比较两组干预前后Ranson评分、TBIL、CRP、RDW及预后情况。结果 观察组肠鸣音消失时间、排气和腹胀恢复所需时间均短于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(t=10.866、2.834、5.759,P<0.05)。干预前,两组Ranson评分、TBIL、CRP、RDW水平比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.974、0.305、0.808、0.212,P>0.05);干预后,两组Ranson评分、TBIL、CRP、RDW水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(t=3.819、2.069、9.170、2.094,P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率6.15%(4/65)显著高于对照组18.75%(12/64),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.709,P<0.05)。结论 早期营养管理可缩短急性胰腺炎患者肠功能恢复时间,改善TBIL、CRP、RDW水平及预后。

N-Co/C@CF阴极材料制备及在电芬顿脱色中的应用

文章采用混合热解法合成了金属有机骨架(MOFs)衍生的N掺杂多孔碳阴极材料N-Co/C,利用SEM、FT-IR、XPS等表征技术及电化学表征手段探究了碳材料的几何形貌、物化性质及电化学性能,构建了N-Co/C@CF为阴极的电芬顿体系,用以降解活性红195染料废水。根据实验结果,N掺杂碳材料为无定形结构,比表面积大,且材料中产生了有利于两电子氧还原反应的石墨型氮和吡啶型氮。N掺杂后,N-Co/C@CF电极材料导电性能、对氧气的吸附能力及还原能力均明显提高,以600℃下煅烧所得N-Co/C-600@CF电极材料性能最佳。采用N-Co/C-600@CF为阴极降解活性红195,在电压3 V、Fe^(2+)浓度20 mg/L,pH=3及O_(2)流量为60 mL/min下,90 min染料脱色率达到99.66%,COD去除率可达72.87%。电极循环使用6次,脱色率仍可达到93.54%,表明电极具有良好的稳定性。

UV/K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)体系降解活性红3BS响应曲面法优化研究

以活性红3BS染料为研究对象,采用光活化过硫酸钾技术(UV/K_(2)S_(2)O_(8))对活性红3BS进行降解可行性研究,结果表明活性红3BS在UV/K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)体系下具有较好的降解效果.采用单因素变量法和响应曲面法探究底物初始浓度、pH值和K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)质量浓度对降解动力学的影响,得出活性红3BS染料的降解最佳反应条件是底物浓度为162.50μmol·L^(-1),pH值为3.0,K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)质量浓度为1.75 g·L^(-1),反应时间60 min,其降解率为95.5%,COD去除率为37.4%.

类风湿性关节炎中红细胞体积分布宽度及相关炎性因子的相关性分析

目的:在排除贫血和重大疾病等因素后,探讨类风湿性关节炎患者红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与其它炎性指标的关联性。方法:收集中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院2015年1月至2019年10月共118例类风湿性关节炎住院患者病例,分为高炎症组和低炎症组,比较两组间RDW水平。同时比较组内RDW、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),类风湿因子(RF)和其他炎性指标的相关性。结果:高炎症组RDW比低炎症组显著升高(P<0.05)。低炎症组RDW与hs-CRP呈正相关(P<0.05),ESR与免疫球蛋白M(IgM)呈正相关(P<0.05),hs-CRP与RF呈正相关(P<0.05);在高炎症组中,hs-CRP分别与RF、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、IgM水平呈明显正相关(P均<0.05),ESR分别与RF、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgE、IgM水平呈正相关(P均<0.05),RF与IgM呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:排除贫血和其他疾病等因素后,RDW仍然具有一定的炎症提示意义。

ZnO-CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)三元复合催化剂的制备及其对活性红195的光催化降解性能

采用热聚合法和水热法制备了ZnO-CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)三元复合催化剂,并以活性红195为目标污染物进行了光催化降解实验。表征结果显示,CeO_(2)和ZnO被成功负载到g-C_(3)N_(4)表面。实验结果表明:当Ce(NO_(3))_(3)·6H_(2)O投加量为0.11 g时制备的催化剂光催化性能最佳,紫外光下反应60 min活性红195的去除率可达91.7%,优于CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4);酸性条件有利于活性红195的降解,最佳溶液pH为3.0。ZnO-CeO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)三元复合材料中任意两种组分之间带隙错开,形成了Ⅱ型异质结构,增强了光生电子-空穴的分离效率,可诱导更多的活性物质参与光降解过程。