Transient Analysis of a Reactor Coolant Pump Rotor Seizure Nuclear Accident

The reactor coolant pump(RCP)rotor seizure accident is defined as a short-time seizure of the RCP rotor.This event typically leads to an abrupt flow decrease in the corresponding loop and an ensuing reactor and turbine trip.The significant reduction of core coolant flow while the reactor is being operated at full load can have very negative consequences.This potentially dangerous event is typically characterized by a complex transient behavior in terms of flow conditions and energy transformation,which need to be analyzed and understood.This study constructed transient flow and rotational speed mathematical models under various degrees of rotor seizure using the test data collected from a dedicated transient rotor seizure test system.Then,bidirectional fluid-solid coupling simulations were conducted to investigate the flow evolution mechanism.It is found that the influence of the impeller structure size and transient braking acceleration on the unsteady head(Hu)is dominant in rotor seizure accident events.Moreover,the present results also show that the rotational acceleration additional head(Hu1)is much higher than the instantaneous head(Hu2).

Verification of VVER-1200 NPP Simulator in Normal Operation and Reactor Coolant Pump Coast-Down Transient

Verification of operation parameters of VVER-1200 NPP Simulator installed at Nuclear Training Center, VINATOM has been performed. This simulator has been supplied for Vietnam in the framework of IAEA TC Project VIE2010 on Developing Nuclear Power Infrastructure—Phase II hosted by the Vietnam Atomic Energy Agency (VAEA). The comparison of the main parameters in nominal power operation with design data given in safety analysis report of VVER-1200/V392M as well as Ninh Thuan FSSAR is presented. In this study, the reactor coolant coast-down transient is investigated using the VVER-1200 NPP simulator. The simulated results performed in the simulator through switching off one reactor coolant pump in comparisons with experiment results performed in VVER-1000 reactor are given. The similarity between the measured and simulated results shows that the thermal hydraulic characteristics and the control protection systems are modeled in a reasonable way. A good agreement in operating parameters was found between the VVER-1200 NPP simulator and VVER-1200/V392M’s PSAR.

Influence of the Impeller/Guide Vane Clearance Ratio on the Performances of a Nuclear Reactor Coolant Pump

An AP1000 nuclear reactor coolant pump is considered to assess the influence of the Impeller/Guide vane clearance on the performances of this type of pumps.Experiments and numerical simulations relying on an unidirectional fluid-solid coupling approach are used to investigate the problem(stress,strain and mode of the rotor).The results reveal the relationship existing between the hydraulic performance of the nuclear reactor coolant pump and the clearance ratio.The effect of clearance ratio on the maximum equivalent stress on the back surface of the impeller blade is greater than that on the working surface(the maximum equivalent stress on the back surface of impeller blade is about three times that on the working surface).The clearance ratio has a scarce effect on the first six natural frequencies of the rotor of the nuclear reactor coolant pump.The related vibrational modes have different waveforms.

Casting process design and practice for coolant pump impeller in AP1000 nuclear power station

The coolant pump impeller casting is the only rotating component in the nuclear island of an AP1000 nuclear power station, and is required to have a 60-year service time, which requires advanced materials and processing technologies to guarantee. In this paper, the casting process was studied, designed and modified by means of numerical simulation. The gating system was distributed symmetrically and the runner diameter was a little bigger for avoiding sand wash and turbulence;the feeding system focused on the solution of blades feeding, as some parts of which should reach Severity Level 1 radioactive testing standard. Therefore, upper and lower plates cooperating with chillers acted as feeding method besides additional 2-3 times thickness;in addition, lowering sand core strength, decreasing pouring temperature and increasing dimension allowance would be adopted to avoid crack defects. Finally, the pilot impeller was cast. The results show that the casting process design is reasonable, as the liquid rises very smoothly when pouring, and no volume defects are found by means of 100% radioactive testing. Based on this casting process, 16 coolant pump impellers have been successfully produced and delivered to customers.

Hydrodynamic Instability Analysis of the Axial Flow Pump in an Ethylene Polymerization Loop Reactor

The hydrodynamic instability of the axial flow pump in a loop reactor has long been a troubling issue to be solved in the polyethylene industry due to the lack of a better mechanismic understanding.Generally,the instability of an axial flow pump can be reflected by the fluctuation of the pump head.In this study,the transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation is adopted to study the hydrodynamic instability of the axial flow pump used in an ethylene polymerization loop reactor.The results show that the pump head under single liquid phase nearly remains constant while the pump head under slurry phase fluctuates due to the variation of solid volume fraction distribution in the pump.Besides,under the combined effect of the maximum solid volume fraction difference in the pump and the turbulence intensity of the liquid phase,the fluctuation of the pump head under slurry phase increases when the solid volume fraction in the loop reactor increases from 0.10 to 0.29,and the fluctuation decreases,when the solid volume fraction increases from 0.29 to 0.35.Furthermore,there is a negative correlation between the pump head and the solid volume fraction in the pump;with the increase of solid volume fraction in the loop reactor,and the correlation coefficient increases as well.Moreover,a‘spiral particulate band’phenomenon is formed in the ascending leg caused by three mechanisms,viz.:the segregation of particles in all bends,the dispersion of particles by the secondary flow in the ascending leg,and the rotational movement of particles in the pump.

Main coolant pump resistance influence on single phase water reverse flow in the inverted U-tubes under natural circulation

Based on nuclear power plant(NPP) best-estimate transient analysis with RELAP5 / MOD3 code,the reactor point kinetics model in RELAP5 / MOD3 code is replaced by the two-group,3-D space and time dependent neutron kinetic model,and two-fluid model is replaced by drift flux model.A coupled three-dimensional physics and thermal-hydrodynamics model is used to develop its corresponding computing code,thus simulating natural circulation of single-phase flow for the PWR.In this paper,we report the forward and reverse flow distribution in the inverted U-tubes of the steam generator(SG) under some typical operating conditions in the natural circulation case, and analyze the influence of main coolant pump resistance on the forward and reverse flow distribution.The calculation results show that,the pressure drop between SG inlet and outlet plenum decreases,and the SG inlet and outlet mass flow decrease with an increased main coolant pump resistance,but net mass flux of reverse flow in inverted U-tubes,and the ratio of mass flow in all reverse flow tubes to that of main coolant pipeline increase, meanwhile,the secondary steam load is invariable in this process.

Application of the Modified nverse Design Method in the Optimization of the Runner Blade of a Mixed-Flow Pump

To improve the design speed and reduce the design cost for the previous blade design method, a modified inverse design method is presented. In the new method, after a series of physical and mathematical simplifications, a sail?like constrained area is proposed, which can be used to configure di erent runner blade shapes. Then, the new method is applied to redesign and optimize the runner blade of the scale core component of the 1400?MW canned nuclear coolant pump in an established multi?optimization system compromising the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) analysis, the Response Surface Methodology(RSM) and the Non?dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm?II(NSGA?II). After the execution of the optimization procedure, three optimal samples were ultimately obtained. Then, through comparative analysis using the target runner blade, it was found that the maximum e ciency improvement reached 1.6%, while the head improvement was about 10%. Overall, a promising runner blade inverse design method which will benefit the hydraulic design of the mixed?flow pump has been proposed.

Analysis of Rotor-Seizure-Induced Pressure Rise in a Nuclear Reactor Primary Cooling Loop

Most of existing methods for the safety assessment of the primary cooling loop of nuclear reactors in conditions of reactor coolant pump(RCP)failure(rotor seizure accident)essentially rely on the combination of one-dimensional theory and experience.This study introduces a novel three-dimensional model of the‘Hualong-1’(HPR1000)primary loop and uses the method of matching the resistance characteristics of the tube to ensure that the main pump operates at the rated operating condition.In particular,the three-dimensional unsteady numerical calculation of the RCP behavior in the rotor-seizure accident condition is carried out in the framework of the RNG k-εturbulence model.The related transient pressure surge law and hydraulic load response are obtained accordingly.

Implementation strategies for high accuracy grinding of hydrodynamic seal ring with wavy face for reactor coolant pumps

Large size mechanical seals are one of the most important components used in reactor coolant pumps.However,the hydrodynamic seal rings with wavy face are difficult to machine due to their high hardness and high form accuracy demand.In order to solve this difficult problem,a novel four-axis linkage grinding method using a cup wheel to process the hydrodynamic seal rings by line contact was proposed.A preliminary study indicates that the form error of the ground seal ring surface is extremely sensitive to different linkage relations of the four axes.By taking the center height of the cup wheel and the laws of motion along the X-axis,Z-axis,B-axis and C-axis as control variables,their effects on the principle form error of the ground surface are evaluated.Six implementation strategies are proposed to reach lower principle form errors.It is found that the minimal principle form error is only 9.64 nm and hence its influence on the ground seal ring shape can be neglected in designing an ultra-precision grinding machine.In addition,the results indicate that the position accuracy of the X-axis at the microscale is acceptable no matter which implementation strategy is selected.This study is expected to serve as a theoretical basis for design and development of the four-axis ultra-precision grinding machine.

三代压水堆核主泵关键部件制造及工艺研究进展

核主泵作为反应堆冷却剂系统中唯一高速旋转的设备,其正常运行对于整个核电站的安全至关重要.长期以来,核主泵制造的安全性与可靠性一直是中国核电技术发展的“卡脖子”难题.近年来,得益于国家对核电技术基础研究的大力投入,以及依托重大课题项目的推进,中国三代压水堆核主泵国产化进程在各个方面都取得了重大成果.文中从核主泵制造及工艺的角度,深入剖析叶轮、泵壳、定子、转子、屏蔽套、密封、轴承等关键部件的发展历程,并针对各部件的材料选择、加工、装配工艺、检测方法及技术体系等进行详细分析,总结了中国核主泵的制造进度及难点.最后,结合当前核主泵制造的现状,提出中国核主泵制造发展的相关建议,这对中国核电事业的国产化进程具有重要意义.

Variants of Nuclear Power Plants of Small and Medium Power with Heavy Liquid-Metal Coolants

New design solutions have been proposed for a BRS-GPG type reactor circuit, which are different from transport and stationary low and medium-powered reactor installations cooled with heavy liquid-metal coolants, and which correspond to the evolutionary development of such installations. While developing these solutions, the available experience in creating and operating Soviet pilot and commercial power plants cooled with lead-bismuth coolants was used, including investigations, primarily experimental ones, carried out by team of authors in justification of a capacity range (50 - 250 MW) of low and medium-powered reactor plants with horizontal steam generators (BRS- GPG) proposed and elaborated at the NNSTU.

CAP1400核主泵叶轮动应力计算及疲劳寿命预测

为实现核主泵叶轮疲劳寿命预测,考虑叶轮高温高压的恶劣运行工况建立流-热-固耦合计算模型,应用ANSYS CFX软件对核主泵叶轮内部流动的压力载荷和温度载荷进行非定常数值计算,在ANSYS Workbench中实现载荷向结构的传递,并对叶轮动力响应疲劳载荷开展研究.利用雨流计数法对叶片危险部位的载荷数据进行统计分析,进一步结合Palmgren-Miner理论对核主泵叶轮的最小疲劳寿命周期进行预测.研究结果表明:叶轮在旋转过程中承受周期性交变应力的作用;叶轮叶片进、出口边与前、后盖板交接处容易发生内部应力集中,最大应力出现在叶片出口边与前盖板交接处,为142.57 MPa;叶片各危险部位承受应力波峰和波谷的时间基本一致;叶轮产生的疲劳为应力疲劳,疲劳破坏首先发生在叶片进口边与后盖板交接处;计算得到叶轮的疲劳寿命为277.94 a.研究结果可为叶轮的动态强度优化和疲劳设计提供一定参考.

压水堆主泵及液态金属泵转子动力学研究进展

核主泵是核电站的关键设备之一,也是反应堆冷却系统的唯一旋转机械设备,其稳定运转对整个反应堆的正常工作至关重要,因此,针对核反应堆主泵开展转子动力学研究,探究主泵转子部件的模态振型、固有频率和支撑系统的刚度阻尼、液膜厚度十分必要。以国内外有关压水堆主泵及液态金属泵的转子动力学研究为重点,围绕压水堆主泵、钠冷快堆主泵、熔盐堆主泵、铅冷快堆主泵4种核主泵类型,从核主泵及其转子部件的结构特点出发,对现阶段主泵导轴承润滑性能和主泵转子结构固有频率、模态分析、临界转速等转子动力学特性的研究进展进行综述和展望,以期对有关核主泵转子动力学特性的计算分析起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。

核主泵水力优化技术与水力稳定性研究进展

随着人们对能源安全、环境保护和可持续发展的关注不断增加,核能作为一种清洁、高效的能源形式备受瞩目。核主泵作为核电站的重要组成部分,其水力性能的好坏关系到整个核电站是否能够长期安全稳定高效的运行。本文针对核主泵水力优化技术与水力稳定性的研究进展开展论述,介绍了核主泵水力性能的影响因素及其研究方法。以水力优化设计与压力脉动特性等方面为切入点深入探讨了核主泵水力优化技术与水力稳定性的研究现状,并简要介绍了核主泵压力脉动的形成原因;总结了已有的研究成果,并根据现有的研究基础展望了核主泵未来的技术发展趋势。

核热推进系统分析程序模型与计算方法初步研究

核热推进(NTP)系统具有高比冲、大推力和工作时间长等特点,在深空探测和轨道机动等方面具有明显的优势。系统性能分析是NTP系统研发与设计的重要内容。结合对国际历史上已开发程序的分析以及现阶段的研发需求,将系统性能分析划分为稳态设计点性能分析与优化、稳态非设计点性能分析以及瞬态性能分析3个主要环节。在清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院自主开发的核动力发动机系统分析程序PANES基础上,提出了基于“流网-热网”的系统分析程序框架,并建立了反应堆中子动力学与涡轮泵动态特性等数学模型,提出了对应的计算分析方法,拓展了原程序的功能。该工作为NTP系统设计方法的进一步研究和应用提供了重要基础。

核主泵电动机屏蔽套磁-热联合仿真

为探究核主泵屏蔽电动机屏蔽套材料及厚度对涡流损耗的影响,以某功率为5.5 MW的AP1000屏蔽感应电动机为研究对象,应用低频电磁仿真软件Maxwell建立二维电磁仿真模型,对比3种材料(Hastelloy-C,Inconel,SUS316L)在不同尺寸下的屏蔽套涡流损耗.基于电磁仿真结果,运用磁-热联合方法,将涡流损耗值作为热源输入到核主泵电动机屏蔽套冷却模型中,通过ANSYS Fluent软件进行温度场和流场仿真.结果表明:相同屏蔽套尺寸下,材料Hastelloy-C的涡流损耗最小;相同材料下,屏蔽套厚度越小,涡流损耗越低;屏蔽套间隙流冷却系统入口到屏蔽套间隙温度变化剧烈,定子屏蔽套温度整体高于转子屏蔽套温度,两者温差约为20℃;屏蔽套上的压力分布不均匀,且沿轴向来流方向压力逐渐降低,降幅约为16.0 kPa.研究结果可为核主泵电动机屏蔽套的材料及厚度选择提供一定参考.

轴流式核主泵内部流动特性数值计算与试验

以轴流式核主泵为研究对象,采用数值模拟和试验验证相结合的方法,计算模型为SST k-ω湍流模型,重点选取了0.9Q,1.0Q与1.1Q工况,对轴流式核主泵内部流动特性进行分析,结合性能试验台完成试验验证.在分析计算结果时,重点考察了泵出口中心截面的速度流线图和速度分布云图,以此来深入探讨泵在不同流量条件下内部流动模式的差异及其演变趋势;提取叶轮与导叶叶片通道回转面的压力速度云图、叶轮叶片与导叶叶片的压力载荷曲线,对比分析不同流量下泵内部流动结构及其变化规律,进一步揭示叶轮和导叶内的流动分布及能量转换机制.通过试验对数值计算开展了对比验证,计算结果与试验结果基本吻合,扬程模拟值比试验值低3.87%,效率模拟值比试验值低1.94%.本研究深入揭示了轴流式核主泵内部流动特性,对充分认识核主泵水力结构与内部流动关联性至关重要,为轴流式核主泵的设计和性能优化提供参考依据.

核主泵口环密封动力学特性数值研究

为了研究口环密封对核主泵转子动力学特性的影响,本文以“华龙一号”核主泵密封口环为研究对象,应用转子动力学理论,建立小扰动模型下的涡动转子动力学方程,基于CFD准稳态方法,对密封间隙域内部流场进行数值模拟,探究转速、压差及口环结构对转子动力学特性以其稳定性的影响。结果表明:转速和压差越大,涡动比对密封力的影响效果越显著,刚度系数、阻尼系数的绝对值呈增大趋势,转速对交叉刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数影响显著,平面密封和迷宫密封交叉刚度系数分别增加了6.92倍和4.13倍,交叉阻尼系数分别增加了15.4倍和6.25倍;压差对直接刚度系数影响明显,平面密封与迷宫密封直接刚度系数分别增加了6.2倍和9.1倍。同时迷宫密封对应的涡动系数Ω_(f)小于平面密封,稳定性优于平面密封结构。

小型压水堆屏蔽泵的屏蔽套涡损计算方法及应用

屏蔽泵是小型压水堆一回路的核心设备,对整个反应堆的安全性与经济性有重要影响。屏蔽泵解决了轴封泵的泄漏问题,但屏蔽套使屏蔽泵的电涡流损耗更大,且热量难以带出,因此计算屏蔽套的电涡流损耗对屏蔽泵的设计和分析十分重要。常用屏蔽泵屏蔽套涡流损耗计算经验公式是基于两极千瓦级屏蔽泵提出和修正的,对于百千瓦级小型压水堆屏蔽泵计算偏差较大,有必要对其开展研究。文章首先针对常用屏蔽泵电机屏蔽套的电涡流损耗开展有限元计算,与实验结果对比,验证了有限元计算方法的精确性;其次,在考虑小型压水堆屏蔽泵特殊设计结构对屏蔽套电涡流损耗影响的基础上,修正了经验公式,使其适用于百千瓦级小型压水堆屏蔽泵;最后,基于修正后的经验公式提出了半有限元-经验公式结合算法的初步设计算法,应用于某小型压水堆屏蔽泵的结构设计。该方法使屏蔽电机的初步设计更加便捷。

小型堆核主泵内部流动特性数值计算

为研究不同工况下小型堆核主泵内部流动情况,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟与试验相结合的方法,选取4种工况(0.6 Q d,0.8 Q d,1.0 Q d与1.2 Q d)进行内部流动特性分析,并选取具有典型意义的出口中心截面,以三维速度流线、速度分布云图、涡量分布云图等形式,对比考察了不同流量工况条件下泵内部流动规律及其变化趋势.通过分析叶轮与导叶之间的通道回转面压力、速度分布云图以及叶轮叶片与导叶叶片的叶片压力载荷曲线,解析了叶轮和导叶内部的流动分布和能量转换机制,从而为小型堆核主泵的水力优化设计提供直观认识.研究结果表明:在设计流量工况1.0 Q d下,小型堆核主泵内部流线平顺稳定,叶片工作面与背面压力载荷较稳定;在小流量工况0.6 Q d和0.8 Q d下,叶轮叶片上高压区增大;在大流量工况1.2 Q d运行时,泵内压力分布变化较大;试验结果与数值计算结果的一致性进一步验证了计算模型的准确性.研究结果不仅阐释了小型堆核主泵内部的流动特性,而且为小型堆核主泵的设计提供了一定的理论依据和应用指导.