A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were generated by six 2.9 GWth nuclear reactors and detected by eight a...A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were generated by six 2.9 GWth nuclear reactors and detected by eight antineutrino detectors deployed in two near（560 m and 600 m flux-weighted baselines） and one far（1640 m flux-weighted baseline） underground experimental halls. With 621 days of data, more than 1.2 million inverse beta decay（IBD） candidates were detected. The IBD yield in the eight detectors was measured, and the ratio of measured to predicted flux was found to be 0.946±0.020（0.992±0.021） for the Huber＋Mueller（ILL＋Vogel） model. A 2.9σ deviation was found in the measured IBD positron energy spectrum compared to the predictions. In particular, an excess of events in the region of 4–6 MeV was found in the measured spectrum, with a local significance of 4.4σ. A reactor antineutrino spectrum weighted by the IBD cross section is extracted for model-independent predictions.展开更多
The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by ...The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment,in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor,is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes.This information can be used to produce a precise,data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay.The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method.Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods.A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated.Given the reactor fission fractions,the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2%precision.In addition,we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method.展开更多
The neutrinos of the early universe evolved from a relativistic phase at very early times to a massive particle behavior at later times.First,the kinetic energy of neutrinos is relativistic,and as a result,neutrinos c...The neutrinos of the early universe evolved from a relativistic phase at very early times to a massive particle behavior at later times.First,the kinetic energy of neutrinos is relativistic,and as a result,neutrinos can be described as massless particles.As the Universe expands,the temperature drops and the kinetic energy decreases,and the neutrinos turn into a non-relativistic phase with a non-negligible mass.In this paper,we first put constraints on the total mass of neutrinos.Then we investigate the effect of neutrinos on the CMB power spectrum,P(k),in the case of massless and massive neutrinos using the publicly available Boltzmann code CAMB and we prove that when neutrino coupled to scalar field the CMB power spectrum has a little shift,which means that the power spectrum of CMB is greatly affected by the background energy density and the accelerated expansion of the Universe.Furthermore,we investigate the effect of perturbed quintessence on this spectrum and find that the highest peaks of this spectrum are shifted to smaller scales.Also,we estimate the Deceleration-Acceleration(DA)redshift transition(z_(da))using the coupling canonical scalar field with neutrinos.For Pantheon data we obtain z_(da)=0.7±0.05 and for CC data z_(da)=0.68±0.03.In the presence of neutrinos the DA redshift transition is z_(da)=0.42±0.03 for Pantheon data and z_(da)=0.49±0.05 for CC data.These results indicate that neutrinos can affect this phase transition.The results obtained in this article show that when the mass of neutrinos increases,the value of the background energy density increases,resulting in a higher power spectrum peak.Also,by examining the effect of coupling neutrinos to dark energy,we find that the transition occurs at lower redshift.展开更多
热管冷却反应堆采用非能动传热技术,热响应速度快,可避免堆芯单点失效,具有功率密度大、寿命长、环境适应性强、工作性能稳定等特点,是目前空间核反应堆研究的热点。基于清华大学开发的反应堆蒙特卡洛中子输运程序RMC(reactor Monte Car...热管冷却反应堆采用非能动传热技术,热响应速度快,可避免堆芯单点失效,具有功率密度大、寿命长、环境适应性强、工作性能稳定等特点,是目前空间核反应堆研究的热点。基于清华大学开发的反应堆蒙特卡洛中子输运程序RMC(reactor Monte Carlo code),以美国爱荷华国家实验室(Idaho National Laboratory,INL)设计的热管冷却反应堆INL Design A为研究对象,选取3种热管工质开展热管冷却反应堆堆芯物理计算。计算结果表明:锂热管工质不仅拥有很好的热物性参数,并且使用锂热管工质的热管冷却反应堆缓发中子有效份额最大、中子能谱较硬、燃耗反应性损失最小、增殖性能最佳,有利于热管冷却反应堆堆芯小型化与长寿命。因此,推荐锂为热管冷却反应堆的热管工质。展开更多
基于最新发布的评价核数据库ENDF/B-VII.1,简要介绍了利用标准程序NJOY加工固态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF)中子能谱测量所需温度下多群截面库的过程。详细分析了两个典型的核素加工所得核反应道...基于最新发布的评价核数据库ENDF/B-VII.1,简要介绍了利用标准程序NJOY加工固态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF)中子能谱测量所需温度下多群截面库的过程。详细分析了两个典型的核素加工所得核反应道的多群截面与温度的关系,并将不同温度下的截面库用于中子能谱测量,分析了中子能谱测量结果的误差与温度所引起截面库变化的关系。结果表明,不同类型核反应道的截面所受温度影响不同,特别是核素对超热中子的截面存在共振峰问题受温度影响最大,这是由于多普勒效应影响,所以中子能谱测量结果受核反应道选择的影响符合物理规律,加工所得873 K下的核截面库可用于TMSR-SF相关中子能谱测量。展开更多
熔盐堆作为第四代先进核能系统,具有在线处理和利用钍燃料等各种优势。我们主要参考法国国家科学研究院(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,CNRS)的相关研究,该单位对熔盐堆堆芯结构进行优化,提高其钍铀转换率。利用SCALE(S...熔盐堆作为第四代先进核能系统,具有在线处理和利用钍燃料等各种优势。我们主要参考法国国家科学研究院(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,CNRS)的相关研究,该单位对熔盐堆堆芯结构进行优化,提高其钍铀转换率。利用SCALE(Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation)大型蒙特卡洛程序针对超热中子谱熔盐堆进行堆芯结构优化。从计算数据分析,Blanket增殖区在堆芯的不同位置可以提高Blanket中的钍铀增殖率,但是并不能提高整个堆芯的钍铀增殖率。对于超热谱的熔盐堆,单熔盐石墨孔道可以提供CNRS设计几乎相当的钍铀增殖率,同时可以极大地降低慢化剂石墨内的中子通量水平,延长更换堆芯石墨周期,提高整个熔盐堆的运行经济性。展开更多
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe United States Department of Energy,the Chinese Academy of Sciences+11 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physicsthe National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Guangdong provincial governmentthe Shenzhen municipal governmentthe China General Nuclear Power Groupthe Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of Chinathe MOST and MOE in Taiwanthe U.S.National Science Foundationthe Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republicthe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna,Russiathe NSFC-RFBR joint research programthe National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research of Chile
文摘A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were generated by six 2.9 GWth nuclear reactors and detected by eight antineutrino detectors deployed in two near（560 m and 600 m flux-weighted baselines） and one far（1640 m flux-weighted baseline） underground experimental halls. With 621 days of data, more than 1.2 million inverse beta decay（IBD） candidates were detected. The IBD yield in the eight detectors was measured, and the ratio of measured to predicted flux was found to be 0.946±0.020（0.992±0.021） for the Huber＋Mueller（ILL＋Vogel） model. A 2.9σ deviation was found in the measured IBD positron energy spectrum compared to the predictions. In particular, an excess of events in the region of 4–6 MeV was found in the measured spectrum, with a local significance of 4.4σ. A reactor antineutrino spectrum weighted by the IBD cross section is extracted for model-independent predictions.
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe U.S.Department of Energy,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金the Guangdong provincial governmentthe Shenzhen municipal government,the China General Nuclear Power Group,the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,the Ministry of Education in TWthe U.S.National Science Foundation,the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic,the Charles University Research Centre UNCE,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna,Russiathe National Commission of Scientific and Technological Research of Chile。
文摘The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment,in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor,is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes.This information can be used to produce a precise,data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay.The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method.Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods.A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated.Given the reactor fission fractions,the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2%precision.In addition,we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method.
文摘The neutrinos of the early universe evolved from a relativistic phase at very early times to a massive particle behavior at later times.First,the kinetic energy of neutrinos is relativistic,and as a result,neutrinos can be described as massless particles.As the Universe expands,the temperature drops and the kinetic energy decreases,and the neutrinos turn into a non-relativistic phase with a non-negligible mass.In this paper,we first put constraints on the total mass of neutrinos.Then we investigate the effect of neutrinos on the CMB power spectrum,P(k),in the case of massless and massive neutrinos using the publicly available Boltzmann code CAMB and we prove that when neutrino coupled to scalar field the CMB power spectrum has a little shift,which means that the power spectrum of CMB is greatly affected by the background energy density and the accelerated expansion of the Universe.Furthermore,we investigate the effect of perturbed quintessence on this spectrum and find that the highest peaks of this spectrum are shifted to smaller scales.Also,we estimate the Deceleration-Acceleration(DA)redshift transition(z_(da))using the coupling canonical scalar field with neutrinos.For Pantheon data we obtain z_(da)=0.7±0.05 and for CC data z_(da)=0.68±0.03.In the presence of neutrinos the DA redshift transition is z_(da)=0.42±0.03 for Pantheon data and z_(da)=0.49±0.05 for CC data.These results indicate that neutrinos can affect this phase transition.The results obtained in this article show that when the mass of neutrinos increases,the value of the background energy density increases,resulting in a higher power spectrum peak.Also,by examining the effect of coupling neutrinos to dark energy,we find that the transition occurs at lower redshift.
文摘热管冷却反应堆采用非能动传热技术,热响应速度快,可避免堆芯单点失效,具有功率密度大、寿命长、环境适应性强、工作性能稳定等特点,是目前空间核反应堆研究的热点。基于清华大学开发的反应堆蒙特卡洛中子输运程序RMC(reactor Monte Carlo code),以美国爱荷华国家实验室(Idaho National Laboratory,INL)设计的热管冷却反应堆INL Design A为研究对象,选取3种热管工质开展热管冷却反应堆堆芯物理计算。计算结果表明:锂热管工质不仅拥有很好的热物性参数,并且使用锂热管工质的热管冷却反应堆缓发中子有效份额最大、中子能谱较硬、燃耗反应性损失最小、增殖性能最佳,有利于热管冷却反应堆堆芯小型化与长寿命。因此,推荐锂为热管冷却反应堆的热管工质。
文摘熔盐堆作为第四代先进核能系统,具有在线处理和利用钍燃料等各种优势。我们主要参考法国国家科学研究院(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,CNRS)的相关研究,该单位对熔盐堆堆芯结构进行优化,提高其钍铀转换率。利用SCALE(Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation)大型蒙特卡洛程序针对超热中子谱熔盐堆进行堆芯结构优化。从计算数据分析,Blanket增殖区在堆芯的不同位置可以提高Blanket中的钍铀增殖率,但是并不能提高整个堆芯的钍铀增殖率。对于超热谱的熔盐堆,单熔盐石墨孔道可以提供CNRS设计几乎相当的钍铀增殖率,同时可以极大地降低慢化剂石墨内的中子通量水平,延长更换堆芯石墨周期,提高整个熔盐堆的运行经济性。
