High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the ex...High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.展开更多
Background:Individuals with dyslexia present with a variety of reading related deficits including text comprehension,reading speed and word encoding.While previous literature addresses individual components of group d...Background:Individuals with dyslexia present with a variety of reading related deficits including text comprehension,reading speed and word encoding.While previous literature addresses individual components of group differences,the present study compares individuals with dyslexia and normal readers on a variety of eye tracking components,as well as behavioural reading measures.The applied nature of this research allows for a comprehensive understanding of how individuals with dyslexia perceptually encode and process written texts.Using type font(i.e.,Times New Roman vs.OpenDyslexic;a font created to elevate visually specific characteristics of dyslexia)as a mediator,we investigated the group differences in eye movement patterns,text comprehension and reading speed between normal readers and individuals with dyslexia when reading standardized and validated texts designed for a grade six reading comprehension level.Methods:Our 73 participants included 38 normal reading controls and 35 individuals with dyslexia.Participants were administered the symbol search and coding subtests of The Wechsler Adult Scale of Intelligence.Participants then read ten texts from the International Reading Speed Texts:five texts in Times New Roman and five in OpenDyslexic,while binocular eye movements were recorded using a SR Research Eyelink 1000.Results:We found that irrespective of font type,when compared to controls,individuals with dyslexia demonstrated increased re-reading of texts[i.e.,regressions:CI(−0.99,−0.66),Hedges’s gs=−0.83]and number of saccades per trial[CI(−1.42,−1.08),gs=−1.25]as well as increased median fixation duration[CI(−1.15,−0.82),gs=−0.98].The control group had increased reading speed[words per minute:CI(1.48,1.84),gs=1.65],visited less interest areas[CI(−1.48,−1.13),gs=−1.31],and had fewer directional deviations from the horizontal-axis[CI(−0.49,−0.18),gs=−0.33].We found an interaction between text comprehension and font type,with both groups having improved performance with OpenDyslexic.However,results did not show a main effect of group with respect to text comprehension.Conclusions:The lack of group differences in text comprehension illustrates that high-functioning individuals with dyslexia are able to comprehend these elementary level texts,irrespective of font type.However,the erratic nature of their eye movements combined with a slow reading speed suggest that individuals with dyslexia read texts in a different manner;achieving the same understanding as normal readers.Our results suggest that reading speed differences act as compensatory methods in our sample of individuals with dyslexia.展开更多
A quadrature mixer with a shared transconductor stage is analyzed,including voltage conversion gain, linearity, noise figure, and image rejection. The analysis indicates it has better performance than a conventional G...A quadrature mixer with a shared transconductor stage is analyzed,including voltage conversion gain, linearity, noise figure, and image rejection. The analysis indicates it has better performance than a conventional Gilbert mixer pair in commutating mode. A quadrature down-conversion mixer based on this topology is designed and optimized for an ultra high frequency RFID reader. Operating in the 915MHz ISM band, the presented quadrature mixer measures a conversion gain of 12.5dB,an IIP3 of 10dBm, an IIP2 of 58dBm, and an SSB noise figure of 17.6riB. The chip was fabricated in a 0. 18μm 1P6M RF CMOS process and consumes only 3mA of current from a 1.8V power supply.展开更多
AIM： To determine the performance of novice readers （4^th year medical students） for detecting capsule endoscopy findings. METHODS： Ten capsule endoscopy cases of small bowel lesions were administered to the reade...AIM： To determine the performance of novice readers （4^th year medical students） for detecting capsule endoscopy findings. METHODS： Ten capsule endoscopy cases of small bowel lesions were administered to the readers. Gold standard findings were pre-defined by gastroenterologists. Ten gold standard ＂targets＂ were identified among the 10 cases. Readers were given a 30-min overview of Rapid Reader software and instructed to mark any potential areas of abnormalities. A software program was developed using SAS to analyze the thumbnailed findings. RESULTS： The overall sensitivity for detecting the gold standard findings was 80%. As a group, at least 5 out of 10 readers detected each gold standard finding per recording. All the gold standard targets were identified when the readers＇ results were combined. Incidental finding/false positive rate ranged between 8.2-59.8 per reader. CONCLUSION： A panel of medical students with minimal endoscopic experience can achieve high sensitivity in detecting lesions on capsule endoscopy. A group of novice readers can pre-screen recordings to thumbnail potential areas of small bowel lesions for further review. These thumbnails must be reviewed to determine the clinical relevance. Further studies are ongoing to assess other cohorts.展开更多
Reading is a very essential skill in the process of knowledge aqusition,while,effective reading ability is the outcome of the good combination of both time and skills.The differences between good readers and poor read...Reading is a very essential skill in the process of knowledge aqusition,while,effective reading ability is the outcome of the good combination of both time and skills.The differences between good readers and poor reader will be studied in terms of comparisons towards their reading speed,efficiency and reasons behind in the domain of psychological perspectives.展开更多
Among the sundry studies in China on John Donne's The Flea,there has been none done from the perspective of Reader-Oriented Theory to probe into the readers' roles in the construction of meaning.The present ar...Among the sundry studies in China on John Donne's The Flea,there has been none done from the perspective of Reader-Oriented Theory to probe into the readers' roles in the construction of meaning.The present article under Wolfgang Iser's theories,in a further pursuit of the expansion of the gestalt of such studies on the poem,aims at exploring the readers' active roles in complementing,completing and recreating the textual meaning,and differentiating the implied reader and the actual reader through the poem as well as attempting to fulfill the construction of the reading cognitive model through the interpretation of the conceit the flea.展开更多
This letter proposes updating the World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG) with several new items and subsections and seeks the readers' input for these suggested changes. In order to further enhance the scope of th...This letter proposes updating the World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG) with several new items and subsections and seeks the readers' input for these suggested changes. In order to further enhance the scope of the WJG, to make it more interactive, and to accommodate our readers' interest, the editors ask the readers for their input regarding potential new proposed changes and new subsections listed below:(1) new subsection-selected highlights from other related Baishideng Publishing Group world series journals;(2) new subsection-challenging images of the week-a quiz with an answer and references on another page;(3) to re-introduce or restore for some issues the cover page on which selected illustration;(4) new subsection-new hypotheses, new concepts and revisiting old concepts in a short, commentary format;(5) preview of the forthcoming issue articles(title and authors);(6) suggestions submitted by the readers-new topics and initiatives; and(7) additional topic area-molecular basis of gastric/liver diseases as an additional area for articles submitted to the journal.展开更多
Since the emergence of newspaper,the headline has been the necessity of a news report.The Newspaper headline which takes the crucial part in a news report has been given the responsibility to capture readers,especiall...Since the emergence of newspaper,the headline has been the necessity of a news report.The Newspaper headline which takes the crucial part in a news report has been given the responsibility to capture readers,especially in the environment of highly intense competition of this industry.Even with the application of high technology in the news industry,the significance of the headline is enormously strengthened rather than weakened.On the one hand,the mission of the headline determines its significance.And on the other,its characteristics help to achieve the responsibility.Therefore the particular language adopted in the headline,namely "headlinese",must contain certain features which could appeal readers' attention.This paper will focus on the characteristics of the English newspaper headline and find out how it captures readers.展开更多
Aims and Scope World Journal of Emergency Medicine(ISSN 1920-8642,CN 33-1408/R),a quarterly journal,publishes peer-reviewed original research articles,review articles including systematic review and meta-analysis,edit...Aims and Scope World Journal of Emergency Medicine(ISSN 1920-8642,CN 33-1408/R),a quarterly journal,publishes peer-reviewed original research articles,review articles including systematic review and meta-analysis,editorials,commentaries,etc in different fields of emergency medicine.The content of articles could be varied in medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and pharmaceutical aspects of the subject areas.The journal also deals with basic sciences and experimental work.展开更多
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International Copyright 2016,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.comAims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases Internat...Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International Copyright 2016,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.comAims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,展开更多
Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers, reviews (meta-analysis, systematic review) and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in ...Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers, reviews (meta-analysis, systematic review) and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Papers cover the medical展开更多
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International(HBPD INT)Copyright 2008,Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Dis...Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International(HBPD INT)Copyright 2008,Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the展开更多
基金supported by a grant of the M.D.-Ph.D./Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(to HK)+3 种基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSITMinistry of Science and ICT)(NRF2019R1A5A2026045 and NRF-2021R1F1A1061819)a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HR21C1003)New Faculty Research Fund of Ajou University School of Medicine(to JYC)。
文摘High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
文摘Background:Individuals with dyslexia present with a variety of reading related deficits including text comprehension,reading speed and word encoding.While previous literature addresses individual components of group differences,the present study compares individuals with dyslexia and normal readers on a variety of eye tracking components,as well as behavioural reading measures.The applied nature of this research allows for a comprehensive understanding of how individuals with dyslexia perceptually encode and process written texts.Using type font(i.e.,Times New Roman vs.OpenDyslexic;a font created to elevate visually specific characteristics of dyslexia)as a mediator,we investigated the group differences in eye movement patterns,text comprehension and reading speed between normal readers and individuals with dyslexia when reading standardized and validated texts designed for a grade six reading comprehension level.Methods:Our 73 participants included 38 normal reading controls and 35 individuals with dyslexia.Participants were administered the symbol search and coding subtests of The Wechsler Adult Scale of Intelligence.Participants then read ten texts from the International Reading Speed Texts:five texts in Times New Roman and five in OpenDyslexic,while binocular eye movements were recorded using a SR Research Eyelink 1000.Results:We found that irrespective of font type,when compared to controls,individuals with dyslexia demonstrated increased re-reading of texts[i.e.,regressions:CI(−0.99,−0.66),Hedges’s gs=−0.83]and number of saccades per trial[CI(−1.42,−1.08),gs=−1.25]as well as increased median fixation duration[CI(−1.15,−0.82),gs=−0.98].The control group had increased reading speed[words per minute:CI(1.48,1.84),gs=1.65],visited less interest areas[CI(−1.48,−1.13),gs=−1.31],and had fewer directional deviations from the horizontal-axis[CI(−0.49,−0.18),gs=−0.33].We found an interaction between text comprehension and font type,with both groups having improved performance with OpenDyslexic.However,results did not show a main effect of group with respect to text comprehension.Conclusions:The lack of group differences in text comprehension illustrates that high-functioning individuals with dyslexia are able to comprehend these elementary level texts,irrespective of font type.However,the erratic nature of their eye movements combined with a slow reading speed suggest that individuals with dyslexia read texts in a different manner;achieving the same understanding as normal readers.Our results suggest that reading speed differences act as compensatory methods in our sample of individuals with dyslexia.
文摘A quadrature mixer with a shared transconductor stage is analyzed,including voltage conversion gain, linearity, noise figure, and image rejection. The analysis indicates it has better performance than a conventional Gilbert mixer pair in commutating mode. A quadrature down-conversion mixer based on this topology is designed and optimized for an ultra high frequency RFID reader. Operating in the 915MHz ISM band, the presented quadrature mixer measures a conversion gain of 12.5dB,an IIP3 of 10dBm, an IIP2 of 58dBm, and an SSB noise figure of 17.6riB. The chip was fabricated in a 0. 18μm 1P6M RF CMOS process and consumes only 3mA of current from a 1.8V power supply.
基金Supported by NIH Clinical Associate Physician(CAP)Award(Dr.Jutabha),American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Award(Dr.Jutabha),American College of Gastroenterology Capsule Endoscopy Research Award(Dr.Jutabha),NIH General Clinical Research
文摘AIM： To determine the performance of novice readers （4^th year medical students） for detecting capsule endoscopy findings. METHODS： Ten capsule endoscopy cases of small bowel lesions were administered to the readers. Gold standard findings were pre-defined by gastroenterologists. Ten gold standard ＂targets＂ were identified among the 10 cases. Readers were given a 30-min overview of Rapid Reader software and instructed to mark any potential areas of abnormalities. A software program was developed using SAS to analyze the thumbnailed findings. RESULTS： The overall sensitivity for detecting the gold standard findings was 80%. As a group, at least 5 out of 10 readers detected each gold standard finding per recording. All the gold standard targets were identified when the readers＇ results were combined. Incidental finding/false positive rate ranged between 8.2-59.8 per reader. CONCLUSION： A panel of medical students with minimal endoscopic experience can achieve high sensitivity in detecting lesions on capsule endoscopy. A group of novice readers can pre-screen recordings to thumbnail potential areas of small bowel lesions for further review. These thumbnails must be reviewed to determine the clinical relevance. Further studies are ongoing to assess other cohorts.
文摘Reading is a very essential skill in the process of knowledge aqusition,while,effective reading ability is the outcome of the good combination of both time and skills.The differences between good readers and poor reader will be studied in terms of comparisons towards their reading speed,efficiency and reasons behind in the domain of psychological perspectives.
文摘Among the sundry studies in China on John Donne's The Flea,there has been none done from the perspective of Reader-Oriented Theory to probe into the readers' roles in the construction of meaning.The present article under Wolfgang Iser's theories,in a further pursuit of the expansion of the gestalt of such studies on the poem,aims at exploring the readers' active roles in complementing,completing and recreating the textual meaning,and differentiating the implied reader and the actual reader through the poem as well as attempting to fulfill the construction of the reading cognitive model through the interpretation of the conceit the flea.
文摘This letter proposes updating the World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG) with several new items and subsections and seeks the readers' input for these suggested changes. In order to further enhance the scope of the WJG, to make it more interactive, and to accommodate our readers' interest, the editors ask the readers for their input regarding potential new proposed changes and new subsections listed below:(1) new subsection-selected highlights from other related Baishideng Publishing Group world series journals;(2) new subsection-challenging images of the week-a quiz with an answer and references on another page;(3) to re-introduce or restore for some issues the cover page on which selected illustration;(4) new subsection-new hypotheses, new concepts and revisiting old concepts in a short, commentary format;(5) preview of the forthcoming issue articles(title and authors);(6) suggestions submitted by the readers-new topics and initiatives; and(7) additional topic area-molecular basis of gastric/liver diseases as an additional area for articles submitted to the journal.
文摘Since the emergence of newspaper,the headline has been the necessity of a news report.The Newspaper headline which takes the crucial part in a news report has been given the responsibility to capture readers,especially in the environment of highly intense competition of this industry.Even with the application of high technology in the news industry,the significance of the headline is enormously strengthened rather than weakened.On the one hand,the mission of the headline determines its significance.And on the other,its characteristics help to achieve the responsibility.Therefore the particular language adopted in the headline,namely "headlinese",must contain certain features which could appeal readers' attention.This paper will focus on the characteristics of the English newspaper headline and find out how it captures readers.
文摘Aims and Scope World Journal of Emergency Medicine(ISSN 1920-8642,CN 33-1408/R),a quarterly journal,publishes peer-reviewed original research articles,review articles including systematic review and meta-analysis,editorials,commentaries,etc in different fields of emergency medicine.The content of articles could be varied in medical,surgical,radiological,pathological,biochemical,physiological and pharmaceutical aspects of the subject areas.The journal also deals with basic sciences and experimental work.
文摘Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International Copyright 2016,Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.comAims and Scope Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews(meta-analysis,systematic review)and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.Papers cover the medical,surgical,
文摘Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers, reviews (meta-analysis, systematic review) and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Papers cover the medical
文摘Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International(HBPD INT)Copyright 2008,Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International.All rights reserved.www.hbpdint.com Aims and Scope Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International publishes peer-reviewed original papers,reviews and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the
