Fishing Production and Fishing Changes in Hong Kong after the Ground Trawl Ban of 31st December 2012:A Geospatial Evaluation

From data published by the Hong Kong SAR(HKSAR)government in their two sole fisheries surveys of 2006 and 2016/2017,the current authors produced regional maps using spatial interpolation to more accurately describe and estimate the geographic coverage of changes in fishing production in Hong Kong waters since the ground trawl ban of 2012 December 31st.These suggest the fishing industry has adapted to smaller craft,and that fishing production increased in several areas in the period after the ground trawl ban came into effect.In addition,the maps enable a smoother assessment to be made of the geospatial changes in fishing production which have occurred since the ground trawl ban and suggest a‘workaround’by fishermen.In particular,small fishing craft known as sampans are able to take advantage by being more suitable vessels for areas such as narrower or shallower bays.Marine plastics pollution is also a proxy indicator of these activities,as evidenced by discarded fishing gear that includes plastic nets,floats,and other fishing boat equipment.

Genetic Toxic Effects of Rare-earth Waste and Its Products on Peacock Fish

The micro-nuclei and abnormal nuclei rates of peacock fish are tested,genetic toxic effects of rare-earth waste and its products(cement,plastic) on peacock in water are investigated.Results show that the leachate of rare-earth waste can lead to micronuclei and abnormal nuclei rates of peacock fish an obvious increase(P<0.01). Products made of the waste cause the micronuclei rate to be increased because of its low radio active action,but the change in abnormal nuclei rate can't reach a remarkable level.It shows that rare-earth waste has a certain effect of causing mutation on aquatic organism.Harmfulness of products made from this waste is decreased largely,and resources can be effectively saved.

Constructing the Ontology for Modeling the Fish Production in Pearl River Basin

This paper puts forward a construction method based on ontology for the Pearl River Basin fish production, to facilitate the domain knowledge analysis and information retrieval. By converting the concepts and terms in domain ordinally, the fish production ontology was constructed with the definition of classes, properties, instances, and relationships. The developed ontology model of the fish production knowledge is proposed and applied in the system of fish diseases diagnosis primarily. The research lays the semantic foundation for the further efficient knowledge management and practical application.

Formulation development and preparation of fish oil liposome by using high pressure homogenizer for food supplement product

It is known that “Fish Oil” is the raw material that has lot of benefits for health, because fish oil consists of several necessary unsaturated fatty acids, particularly Omega-3 and Docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 can decrease triglyceride level, and then it can increase HDL cholesterol level. In addition, DHA can support brain cell synthesis and also nervous system for human.

The study of productivity in the Bohai Sea-Ⅱ. Primary productivity and estimation of potential fish catch

-On the basis of the data obtained from the surveys in the Bohai Sea during 1982-1983, this paper analysed and discussed the distribution and seasonal variation of primary productivity in the Bohai Sea, and the correlations between the primary productivity and environmental factors. The organic carbon production and prospect of fishery production in the waters of this sea are estimated. It is shown that, there exists production patential in the Bohai Sea, the primary production is 112 gC/ (m2 ?a)the production of organic carbon being 10 million ton per year, the fishery yields 1 million ton and the maximum catch of sea products 0. 5 million ton. The results of the investigation can serve as the basic data for the exploitation, utilization and management of the fishery resources in the Bohai Sea.

Quality Changes and Safety Evaluation of Ready-to-Eat Roasted Antarctic Krill(Euphausia superba)During Storage at Room Temperature(25℃)

The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes and shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill,either untreated(CT)or treated with sodium diacetate(SD)or sodium diacetate and a deoxidizer(SDD),during storage at room temperature(25℃)by using sensory,physiochemical,and microbial assessment.Additionally,fluoride accumulation in this food product was used to evaluate its safety.Analysis showed that the addition of SD and SDD resulted in better sensory scores compared of that of CT samples(P<0.05).Accordingly,microorganism growth and total basic nitrogen(TVB-N)were maintained at a low level for the duration of storage with SD and SDD treatments.The total viable counts of SD and SDD reached(4.58±0.08)log(CFU g^(−1))and(4.20±0.11)log(CFUg^(−1)),respectively.The mold was found after 6 and 18 days for SD and SDD treatment,and the numbers reached 5.2×10^(6) and 8.5×10^(4) respectively at the end of shelf life.The TVB-N values from CT continuously increased during the whole storage.While TVB-N values from SD and SDD remained significantly less change(P<0.05)during the early 20 days of the storage,and the values reached(12.11±0.07)mg(100 g)^(−1) and(10.88±0.15)mg(100 g)^(−1) on day 33 and day 70,respectively.Importantly,SDD treatment effectively minimized the oxidation values and retained the color of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill.Our results showed that the shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill treated with SDD was extended by up to 52 days.Additionally,rats fed ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill showed accumulation of fluoride exclusively in the thighbone.The accumulation of fluoride residues in the thighbone showed concentration-dependent.The concentrations of fluoride residues in rats were(1760.03±38.21),(2371.52±42.15)mgkg^(−1) and(3615.44±30.53)mgkg^(−1),which were less than sodium fluoride feeding group(4621.01±28.67)mgkg^(−1).The results suggested that the SD and SDD treatments led to better quality and shelf life extension of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill during storage at room temperature(25℃).Therefore,the ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill can be of great interest to the seafood industry.

A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.

Integration of Fish and Poultry Farming into Cropping Systems to Improve Production Yields

This study aims to evaluate and compare the fertilizing effects of fish-breeding water and river water combined or not with composted poultry manure on the growth and production of okra and lettuce crops. Thus, a sample of 2000 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry and a sample of 100 Cobb 500 strain chicks were reared and monitored for six months and fifteen days. Poultry manure and fish-breeding water were then collected and used to fertilize and water okra and lettuce crops. Two systems were used for the crops (okra and lettuce) tested in an elementary plot design with replicates for each treatment (T1: fish-breeding water alone;T2: river water alone;T3: fish-breeding water combined with manure;T4: river water combined with manure). Morphometric parameters and phenological traits of okra and lettuce crops as well as the total harvest weight and production yield were evaluated and compared between treatments. The results reveal better growth and higher yields (0.67 kg/m2 vs. 0.45 kg/m2) of okra crops that received treatment T1 compared to T2. The best growth and yields of lettuce were obtained with treatments T3 (3.34 kg/m2) and T1 (1.89 kg/m2) compared to T4 (1.23 kg/m2) and T2 (1.20 kg/m2). These results show that fish-breeding water combined with poultry manure can boost okra and lettuce production and would be a real asset to stimulate local agricultural development. Thus, the adoption of such an agro-ecological approach integrating fish farming and animal husbandry could increase local production and provide food of good nutritional quality.

Fish Gelatin-Based Film Containing Maillard Reaction Products:Properties and Its Use as Bag for Packing Chicken Skin Oil

Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction and its products(MRPs)have been proven to possess antioxidant properties.This research aimed to produce a fish gelatin-based packaging incorporated with MRPs to retard lipid oxidation in chicken skin oil(CSO)during storage at ambient temperature(28℃–30℃).MRPs produced from fish gelatin and fructose(1:1,90℃,pH 11)showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to those prepared under other conditions.Different glycerol/MRPs ratios(30:0,25:5,20:10,15:15,10:20,5:25,0:30)were incorporated into the film and resulting films were characterized.Glycerol/MRPs at 10:20 ratio was chosen to add into the film prior to bag preparation via heat sealing method.CSO packed in the bag was monitored for lipid hydrolysis and oxidation during 15 days of storage(30℃±0.5℃,RH 52%±5%).After 15 days,quality deterioration was lower in CSO packed in the prepared gelatin bag as evidenced by lower FFA,TBARS,and volatile compounds in comparison with CSO packed in LDPE bag.Fish gelatin film added with MRPs possessed an excellent water vapor barrier property(WV-BP).This finding indicated that MRPs could be used to substitute glycerol and simultaneously could serve as antioxidants for the developed active bag.The novel packaging can be a potential alternative packaging for retarding lipid oxidation of lipid or fatty foods.

江苏省渔港监督管理助力渔业安全生产的思考

渔业是高风险行业,渔业安全生产工作关系到渔民生命财产安全、渔业可持续发展和渔区稳定,受到广大渔民和社会各界深切关注。随着国家、社会对渔业安全生产的重视加强,渔港监督管理在渔业安全生产中的重要性大幅提升,逐渐成为渔船安全风险管控的重要手段。为更好适应渔港监督管理工作面临的新形势、新要求,助力江苏省渔港监督管理适应新环境、面对新挑战,分析了渔港监督工作在安全管理方面的优势;梳理了江苏省海洋渔业渔船、船员、渔港和管理机构现状,阐明了存在渔港基础设施不完善、执法人员不足等难点问题;提出了规范渔船停泊行为、加强执法站点建设、完善监督法律法规、搭建信息管理平台等针对性的对策和建议。

水产资源刑法保护的实践面向与规范适用研究

我国行政法和刑法对水产资源双重保护的法律体系已经形成。水产资源行政保护规范的专门化设置和刑法保护规范的精细化调整对司法实践的理性化规制提出了新要求。水产资源刑法保护司法实践呈现出违法性判断中实质性解释欠缺、罪量要素违法评价机能缺位以及共同责任与上下游责任界定模糊的特征,需要从罪质、罪量和关联责任方面进行完善。水产资源刑法保护的罪质厘定,应在厘清水产资源犯罪双重违法性的评判立场与认定路径的前提下,对水产资源犯罪危害行为的时空要素和手段要素进行实质解释。水产资源犯罪“情节严重”的罪量标准呈现出“以侵害方式为主、犯罪数额为辅”的二元评价模式,宜准确把握犯罪数额要素的多维嬗变,对侵害方式要素进行有限化出罪,明确兜底性规定的一般判断规则和特殊情形中的规范借力。水产资源共同犯罪责任的划定以二元审查机制为基础,具体要依照共同犯罪的组织方式和行为特点进行类型化分析,对水产资源上下游犯罪责任判别的关键词要精准解释。

产教融合背景下“鱼稻共生”大米包装设计研究

产教融合是现代职业教育的特色,通过企业与学校的紧密合作,可以共同培养人才,推动企业战略发展。这种模式下,可以实现教育与产业的互动,使学生在校期间就能接触实际工作环境,提高职业技能和就业竞争力。本文以“鱼稻共生”大米包装设计为例,在保护生态环境的基础上,通过校企合作,服务乡村振兴,突出鱼稻共生主题。方案包括品牌视觉形象设计和元素提炼运用两部分,旨在确保设计的实用性和主题性。

我国发酵鱼制品菌群组成与风味代谢相关性研究进展

发酵是一种传统的鱼类贮藏方式,在发酵过程中,原料或环境中携带的微生物通过自身代谢能够促进碳水化合物、蛋白质及脂肪的分解利用,从而生成丰富的风味物质。不同地区的人们通过添加不同的原辅料以及控制盐含量、发酵温度、发酵时间等条件,得到风味、形态均大不相同的发酵鱼制品,同时各类发酵鱼制品中微生物组成的差异性导致其特征性风味物质的组成也各不相同,因此研究不同发酵鱼制品中的菌群组成,探究微生物代谢与特征性风味物质形成的相关性成为当前研究的热点之一。本文针对国内不同类型发酵鱼制品,对其发酵工艺、菌群组成、特征性风味物质及产生机制的相关研究进行整理和讨论,分析发酵条件对菌群组成、进一步对风味形成的影响;同时对比不同微生物与风味物质相关性研究方法的特点,为今后探索发酵鱼风味形成机制及对发酵鱼风味进行精准调控提供参考方向。

辽宁5座水源地水库底栖动物群落结构特征比较

为探究辽宁省5座水源地水库—观音阁、白石、柴河、清河和汤河水库底栖动物的群落结构特征,并根据底栖动物的现存量估算鱼产潜力,为这5座水库保水渔业的放养捕捞提供科学依据,于2019-2020年开展季节性调查,共检出底栖动物67种,其中,节肢动物52种,以摇蚊幼虫为主,有39种;寡毛类12种,主要为颤蚓和仙女虫;软体动物3种,分别为观音阁和汤河水库检出的椭圆萝卜螺,以及观音阁和白石水库的梨形环棱螺和褶纹冠蚌。检出种类以汤河水库最多,39种,其次为观音阁水库34种,白石水库最少,仅23种。密度以白石水库最高,1546.89 ind/m^(2),其次为观音阁水库658.33 ind/m^(2),汤河水库最低,481.92 ind/m^(2)。生物量以白石水库最高,7.76 g/m^(2),其次为汤河水库5.68 g/m^(2),清河水库最低,2.49 g/m^(2)。5座水库密度在春、夏、秋季均可出现峰值,但最低值皆出现在夏季;生物量则以春、冬季较高,夏、秋季较低。各库密度和生物量总体表现为静水区最高,仅观音阁水库密度和生物量、白石水库生物量峰值出现在过渡区。观音阁和柴河水库河流区至坝前密度和生物量总体以寡毛类为主,而入水口以摇蚊幼虫占比最高;清河水库和汤河水库入水口至静水区密度和生物量总体以摇蚊幼虫为主,而坝前均以寡毛类占比最高;白石水库入水口至过渡区主要为摇蚊幼虫,坝前静水区以寡毛类为主。群落聚类与MDS排序结果显示,观音阁、柴河和清河水库群落较为相似,而白石水库和汤河水库群落相似性较低,且与观音阁、柴河和清河水库差异明显。CCA结果显示,水深、总氮、氨氮、DOC、叶绿素a含量是5座水库影响底栖动物密度的关键因子。底栖动物种类组成受总氮、氨氮影响明显,汤河水库总氮、氨氮含量最低,表现为种类最多,摇蚊幼虫优势地位高;白石水库中总氮、氨氮含量最高,表现为种类最少,水丝蚓优势地位高。基于底栖动物估算的鱼产潜力白石水库最高,汤河水库次之,清河水库最低。与以往调查数据相比,5座水库种类数均增加,主要是检测出的摇蚊幼虫种类增加;而密度和生物量表现有所不同,观音阁水库密度和生物量均降低,而清河和汤河水库均增加,白石水库则密度增加而生物量降低,柴河水库则密度降低而生物量增加。以上结果表明,应根据这5座水源地水库底栖动物群落结构特征,针对性地管理底栖动物食性鱼类的放养和捕捞。

鱼油ω-3 PUFAs的功能特性研究进展

由各种水产副产物精制提取的鱼油可广泛应用于食品、药品以及动物饲料的加工。鱼油中的二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFAs)的主要功能活性成分,食品鱼油具有健康促进作用。该文结合国内外研究进展,重点综述近年来鱼油ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的主要功能特性,并针对鱼油主要功能特性的不足进行分析,以期为鱼油功能活性成分在医药和食品领域的深度开发提供参考。

养殖鱼类的动物福利与产品品质

以提高我国养殖鱼类产品品质的动物福利策略为目标,对国内外从动物福利到鱼福利的发展历程进行了归纳分析并提出展望。首先,基于对陆生脊椎动物福利的五项自由原则和三大范畴的系统回顾,对比动物福利在家畜家禽业的研究发展历程,对鱼类福利的发展历程与现状进行了脉络梳理;然后,针对鱼类福利的量化评估问题,从生理应激、行为应激以及心理应激三大应激响应机制,对鱼类福利评价体系相关的研究进展进行了回顾,重点针对评价指标及评价方法进行了归纳总结;接下来,针对养殖鱼类产业,重点对养殖过程、离水捕捞以及致死处置三个主要环节的鱼类福利特点及研究利用现状进行了分析讨论。最后,分析指出我国渔后动物福利存在盲区,提出了品质易逝期动物福利方案的设计思路,和基于品质易逝期动物福利原则以实现锁鲜调控的展望。

开化清水鱼品质提升与标准化实施路径分析

2021年3月,农业农村部办公厅印发《农业生产“三品一标”提升行动实施方案》,正式提出了农业生产“三品一标”的基本概念。文章通过开化清水鱼标准化养殖技术的阐述,开化清水鱼与普通草鱼之间品质的差异性比较,提出开化清水鱼的品质提升、品牌打造以及标准化实施路径的建议。

炸制过程中棕榈油和高油酸菜籽油氧化程度对鱼饼中AGEs生成的影响

以冷冻鱼糜为原料制作鱼饼,用棕榈油和高油酸菜籽油对鱼饼进行炸制,在炸制鱼饼的过程中,鱼饼的理化性质会发生一系列的变化。该实验的目的是探究在炸制过程中鱼饼中晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)的生成与鱼饼的理化指标以及油脂氧化程度之间的关系。研究发现,两种油炸制鱼饼后,红度值和黄度值均升高,并且两种油炸制的鱼饼的水分含量都是外层低于内层,而脂肪含量都是外层高于内层,鱼饼的丙二醛含量都是外层高于内层。两种油炸制的鱼饼中荧光和非荧光AGEs含量在炸制的第9 h较高,且棕榈油>高油酸菜籽油,表明炸制鱼饼中AGEs含量并不随油脂不饱和度的增加而增加。

基于互补仓的轴辐式网络下生鲜农产品配送研究

轴辐式网络因高灵活性和快速反应能力在现代快递行业中已被普遍使用,而其中各枢纽节点也是降低物流供应链环节相关成本的重心所在。当前生鲜农产品因易腐败性和新鲜度极度依赖冷链运输,每次配送不可避免地会造成部分商品损毁而无法销售食用。文中着重研究将轴辐式网络与生鲜农产品的配送相结合,并在中途节点间设立互补仓,利用鱼群算法确定各互补仓的最佳选址地点,从而尽可能降低货损率以及物流成本,以期为生鲜农产品的配送提供新的解决方案。