Effects of galactooligosaccharide glycation on the functional properties of soy protein isolate and its application in noodles

Soybean protein has high nutritional value, but its functional properties are easily affected by external factors,which limits its application in food industry. In the study, soybean protein isolate(SPI) was modified by dry heat glycation of galactooligosaccharides(GOS). The gel properties, antioxidant properties and structural changes of SPI-GOS conjugates were investigated. The application of SPI-GOS conjugates in noodles was also explored. The results observed that the glycation degree of SPI increased with the increasing reaction time. SDS-PAGE and spectral analysis showed the changes of spatial conformation of SPI after glycation. The antioxidant activity of SPI increased after glycation and DPPH radical scavenging activity of SPI-GOS peaked at 48 h of reaction. The hardness, elasticity and resilience of soybean protein gel reached their relative maximum at 48 h, 48 h and 12 h of glycation reaction, respectively. Moreover, the appropriate addition of glycated SPI improved the quality of noodles. The noodles with 4% addition of SPI-GOS had higher hardness, elasticity and tensile properties. This study will provide an effective method to modify soybean protein and expand the use of soybean protein in food industry.

Sterilization Effect of Cooking Process for Guilin Rice Noodles Based on Heat Conduction Model

Guilin rice noodles, a unique cuisine from Guilin, Guangxi, is renowned both domestically and internationally as one of the top ten “Guilin Classics”. Utilizing a heat conduction model, this study explores the effectiveness of the cooking process in sterilizing Guilin rice noodles before consumption. The model assumes that a large pot is filled with boiling water which is maintained at a constant high temperature heat resource through continuous gentle heating. And the room temperature is set as the initial temperature for the preheating process and the final temperature for the cooling process. The objective is to assess whether the cooking process achieves satisfactory sterilization results. The temperature distribution function of rice noodle with time is analytically obtained using the separation of variables method in the three-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. Meanwhile, the thermal diffusion coefficient of Guilin rice noodles is obtained in terms of Riedel’ theory. By analyzing the elimination characteristics of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans, this study obtains the optimal time required for effective sterilization at the core of Guilin rice noodles. The results show that the potential Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans will be completely eliminated through continuously preheating more than 31 seconds during the cooking process before consumption. This study provides a valuable reference of food safety standards in the cooking process of Guilin rice noodles, particularly in ensuring the complete inactivation of potentially harmful strains such as Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans.

Effect of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with different particle size on the texture properties, protein secondary structure, and microstructure of noodles

This study was conducted to explore how the insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)of wheat bran with different particle size affects the texture properties,water distribution,protein secondary structure and microstructure of noodles.The results suggested that IDF addition increased the cooking loss and decreased the sensory evaluation because of the damage on dough structure,while as the IDF particle size decreased,the sensory score increased from 78.8 to 82.3 and cooking loss decreased from 8.65%to 7.65%,which could be attributed to that small particle-sized IDF limited the damage on protein network structure,decreased the T22 and t-structure,and increased the β1-structure.Moreover,IDF particle size had a significant correlation with protein secondary structures,texture properties and evaluation score of noodles.In conclusion,adding appropriate particle sizewould be an effectiveway of enhancing the nutritional and textural properties of noodles.

Development of Whole Potato Flour Fish Noodles

[Objectives] This study was conducted to prepare a kind of traditional aquatic food―fish noodles in Hubei Province by replacing some wheat flour with whole potato flour. [Methods] With whole potato flour, wheat flour and minced fish as main raw materials, the effects of the ratio of whole potato flour to minced fish and the addition amounts of sodium alginate, egg white, salt and ginger juice on the quality of whole potato flour fish noodles were studied. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to confirm the optimal technical formula of the whole potato flour fish noodles. [Results] The best formula of the whole potato flour fish noodles was whole potato flour 30 g, wheat flour 20 g, minced fish(grass carp) 50 g, salt 2.00 g, egg white 4.00 g, sodium alginate 2.00 g, and ginger juice 5.00 g. [Conclusions] The whole potato flour fish noodles prepared according to this formula are not only nutritious and taste good, but also have the advantages of easy and convenient eating and storage. This kind of fish noodle has good development prospects.

Screening and identification of purine degrading Lactobacillus fermentum9-4 from Chinese fermented rice-flour noodles

The aim of this study was to isolate a new purine-degrading potential probiotic strain from Chinese fermented rice-flour noodles and investigate its potential application in purine-degrading food development for promising anti-gout therapy.A new lactic acid bacteria strain designated as Lactobacillus fermentum 9-4 was screened out from 10 Shengzhamifen samples by a comprehensive method integrating agar plate selection,in vitro purine-metabolizing enzymatic activities of xanthine oxidase and urate oxidase,16 S rRNA gene sequencing and identification.The resting cells of L.fermentum 9-4 showed the maximum degradation rates of inosine and guanosine by respective 2.13×10^(-3) and 2.78×10^(-3) g/(L·min),and the highest assimilation ratio of guanosine by(55.93±3.12)%,which are improvements over LAB strains characterized previously.Yogurt fermented by L.fermentum 9-4 also efficiently assimilated the inosine and guanosine,with respective degradation rates of 98.10%and 98.56%higher than those of the commercial ones.The L.fermentum 9-4 showed excellent survival(>80%)under the conditions of pH 2.5 and 0.1%bile salt.The results suggest that L.fermentum 9-4 may be a promising candidate as a probiotic for developing low-purine foods.

Auricularia polytricha noodles prevent hyperlipemia and modulate gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice

Auricularia polytricha possesses hypolipidemic effects and decreases lipid accumulation,leading to potential food additives for functional food processing.In this research,we explored the potential effects of A.polytricha noodles on hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis,and elucidated their possible regulatory mechanisms on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet(HFD)mice.A.polytricha n oodles treatment signifi cantly(P<0.05)reduced body weight gain,hyperlipidemia and liver fat accumulation.Meanwhile,A.polytricha noodles decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),total triglyceride(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)compared with the HFD group.Furthermore,A.polytricha noodles could enrich the diversity of gut microbiota by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes as well as the relative abundance of Deferribacteres and increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia,which might contribute to the prevention of hyperlipidemia.This study indicated that A.polytricha noodles could modulate the gut microbiota and prevent hyperlipidemia and liver fat accumulation induced by HFD.

Genetic dissection of the sensory and textural properties of Chinese white noodles using a specific RIL population

To dissect the genetic control of the sensory and textural quality traits of Chinese white noodles, a population of recom- binant inbred lines （RILs）, derived from the cross of waxy wheat Nuomai 1 （NM1） and Gaocheng 8901 （Gc8901）, was used. The RILs were tested in three different environments to determine the role of environmental effects on quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis. A total of 45 QTLs with additive effects for 17 noodle sensory and textural properties under three environments were mapped on 15 chromosomes. These QTLs showed 4.23-42.68% of the phenotypic variance explained （PVE）. Nineteen major QTLs were distributed on chromosomes 1 B, 1 D, 2A, 3B, 3D, 4A, and 6A, explaining more than 10% of the phenotypic variance （PV）. Clusters were detected on chromosomes 2B （3 QTLs）, 3B （11 QTLs） and 4A （5 QTLs）. The cluster detected on chromosome 4A was close to the Wx-B1 marker. Five co-located QTLs with additive effects were identified on chromosomes 2B, 3D, 4A, 6A, and 7B. The two major QTLs, Qadh.sdau-3B. 1 and Qspr.sdau-3B. 1, in cluster wPt666008-wPt5870 on chromosome 3B were detected in three different environments, which perhaps can be directly applied to improve the textural properties of noodles. These findings could offer evidence for the selection or development of new wheat varieties with noodle quality using molecular marker-assisted selection （MAS）.

Effects of Annealing and Removal of the Water-Soluble Fraction of Dry-Milled Rice Flour on the Texture of Cooked Rice Noodles

Rice noodles were prepared using dry-milled rice flours, which were treated by annealing and removing the water-soluble fraction to improve the quality of noodles without using chemical additives. The combined treatment (TC) with annealing and water-soluble fraction removal decreased the cooking losses for Goamibyeo but not for Chenmaai and Milyang260, which had soft kernels and contained less damaged starch than the hard kernel rice after milling. TC significantly reduced the hardness and adhesiveness of cooked noodles, and increased the cohesiveness according to the texture profile analysis. A sensory evaluation detected an increase in mouth feel firmness and elasticity of cooked TC noodles. These results indicate that annealing at room temperature for 3 h followed by the removal of the water-soluble fraction is effective for reducing the cooking losses and improving the textural properties of noodles made from rice flour with high starch damage.

Quality Changes and Safety Evaluation of Ready-to-Eat Roasted Antarctic Krill(Euphausia superba)During Storage at Room Temperature(25℃)

The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes and shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill,either untreated(CT)or treated with sodium diacetate(SD)or sodium diacetate and a deoxidizer(SDD),during storage at room temperature(25℃)by using sensory,physiochemical,and microbial assessment.Additionally,fluoride accumulation in this food product was used to evaluate its safety.Analysis showed that the addition of SD and SDD resulted in better sensory scores compared of that of CT samples(P<0.05).Accordingly,microorganism growth and total basic nitrogen(TVB-N)were maintained at a low level for the duration of storage with SD and SDD treatments.The total viable counts of SD and SDD reached(4.58±0.08)log(CFU g^(−1))and(4.20±0.11)log(CFUg^(−1)),respectively.The mold was found after 6 and 18 days for SD and SDD treatment,and the numbers reached 5.2×10^(6) and 8.5×10^(4) respectively at the end of shelf life.The TVB-N values from CT continuously increased during the whole storage.While TVB-N values from SD and SDD remained significantly less change(P<0.05)during the early 20 days of the storage,and the values reached(12.11±0.07)mg(100 g)^(−1) and(10.88±0.15)mg(100 g)^(−1) on day 33 and day 70,respectively.Importantly,SDD treatment effectively minimized the oxidation values and retained the color of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill.Our results showed that the shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill treated with SDD was extended by up to 52 days.Additionally,rats fed ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill showed accumulation of fluoride exclusively in the thighbone.The accumulation of fluoride residues in the thighbone showed concentration-dependent.The concentrations of fluoride residues in rats were(1760.03±38.21),(2371.52±42.15)mgkg^(−1) and(3615.44±30.53)mgkg^(−1),which were less than sodium fluoride feeding group(4621.01±28.67)mgkg^(−1).The results suggested that the SD and SDD treatments led to better quality and shelf life extension of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill during storage at room temperature(25℃).Therefore,the ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill can be of great interest to the seafood industry.

Quality Assessment of Common Instant Noodles Sold in Nigeria Markets

Proximate and heavy metal analysis of five instant noodles samples was carried out using standard analytical methods. The proximate analysis showed the presence of moisture content (3.65% - 7.80%), ash content (1.11% - 5.50%), fat content (13.64% - 18.69%), crude protein content (0.167% - 0.202%), crude fibre content (1.00% - 9.25%) and carbohydrate content (63.68% - 79.72%). All essential elements (Fe and Zn) investigated in the noodle samples occurred within the threshold limit of WHO, (2003) standard (10.00 - 50.00 mg/kg and 5.000 - 22.000 mg/kg) while the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pd) in some samples occurred at levels relatively above the minimum tolerable limit of WHO, (2003). Hence, caution should be taken in the successive consumption of these noodles to avoid diseases associated with the over time accumulation of these heavy metals especially in samples where they appeared in relatively high amount.

Formula and Quality Study of Multigrain Noodles

Multigrain noodles were made by corn and wheat flour as the main ingredients and with small ratios of oat flour, soybean flour and millet flour through extrusion process. Simplex centroid design was used to analyze gelatinization characteristics of the mixed flour, rheological characteristics of the doughs, cooking qualities and sensory qualities of noodles. A proper formula for multigrain noodles obtained as outcome: 45% corn flour, 40% wheat flour, 4% oat flour, 11% millet flour. Compared to the wheat noodles, the multigrain noodles had higher content in fat, dietary fiber and total resistant starch, but it did content less proteins than wheat noodles.

RADIONUCLIDES IN NOODLES AND BREAD CONSUMED IN HONG KONG

Most of the natural occurring radionuclides in both noodles and bread are found to have specific activities below the detectable limit of the high purity germanium (n-type) spectrometer system of the EG&G Ortec Company. For dried bread, 40K,137Cs and 60Co are found to be 44.45￣84.52, < 0.012 ￣0.052, < 0.018 ￣0.054 Bq/kg;for noodles, to be 29.55￣64.54, < 0.01 ￣0.069 and < 9.8× 10-3 ￣ 0.074 Bq/kg,respectively. The weighted committed dose equivalents due to the ingestion of 137Csfrom noodles and bread for a male and female adults have been estimated to be 0.5and 0.6μSv, respectively, being less than the values recommended by ICRP.

“Noodles”vs.“Pasta”

The words we say date us.For instance.I’m from thegroup just before the baby boom:the one that listened torock ‘n’ roll—not rock music.Not long ago,I told the salesman in a store that I needed aneedle for my record player.“Oh,”he replied,“what kindof stylus do you want for your turntable?”And with the ad-vent of the “compact disk,or CD,soon no one under 21 willhave heard of a turntable.

Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of C/PLA 3D Printing Composites Based on Waste Rice Noodles

Spherical carbon particles were prepared by using waste Guilin rice noodles as raw materials.By blending the rice noodles based carbon(RC)powders with polylactic acid(PLA),A series of black RC/PLA 3D printing composites were synthesized and characterized.The mechanical testing result shows that the RC/PLA 3D printing composites display better mechanical properties than that of pure PLA.Moreover,the composite with carbon treated with high temperature carbonization has better impact strength.

芦笋粉添加对面团和面条特性的影响

为了实现芦笋及其副产物的全质化利用,将芦笋通过干燥制备成芦笋粉并用于面条的制备。系统地研究了芦笋粉添加量(0~10%)对混合粉溶剂保持力,面团的吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度、回生值,面条蒸煮时间、吸水率、断条率、损失率、剪切力、拉伸强度,及蛋白质二级结构和淀粉消化特性的影响。研究发现随着芦笋粉添加量的增加混合粉的溶剂保持力增加,蒸馏水、蔗糖、碳酸钠和乳酸SRC在芦笋粉添加量为10%时分别为79.30%、111.92%、99.07%和94.34%;面团的弱化度C1-C2值随芦笋粉添加量的增加而增加,在添加量10%最大,为799.33 mN·m,而回生值C5-C4随芦笋粉添加量的增加而减小,在添加量10%最小,为1060.33 mN·m。随着芦笋粉添加量的增加面条的蒸煮断条率、吸水率和损失率之间无显著差异(P>0.05),而蒸煮时间、拉伸强度、拉伸距离和剪切力都呈下降的趋势。随着芦笋粉添加量的增加面条中巯基含量逐渐增加,二硫键逐渐降低,在添加量10%时分别为8.37和0.59μmol/g。在芦笋粉添加量8%~10%时血糖生成指数显著降低(P<0.05),但还属于高GI食品。综合芦笋添加对面团特性,面条蒸煮特性、质构特性和淀粉消化特性的影响,芦笋粉添加量6%时挂面的品质可以接受。该研究将为芦笋副产物全质化利用提供重要的理论的依据,也为高纤、高活性物质营养面条的开发提供了思路。

添加抗性淀粉对红薯粉条理化性能及结构的影响

为了探究在粉条中加入玉米抗性淀粉和红薯抗性淀粉对其理化性能及结构品质的影响,测定抗性淀粉添加量分别在5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5、15.0 g/100 g下所制备粉条的质构特性、断条率、感官品质、微观结构、体外消化性能等指标的变化情况。结果显示:在抗性淀粉添加量相同时,玉米抗性淀粉粉条硬度和咀嚼性均高于红薯抗性淀粉粉条;随抗性淀粉添加量的增多,两种抗性淀粉粉条硬度和咀嚼性都呈下降趋势;红薯抗性淀粉添加量的升高对粉条内聚性的升高具有显著(P<0.05)影响,对弹性的影响不大;玉米抗性淀粉添加量的升高对粉条内聚性和弹性影响较小;两种抗性淀粉粉条结晶度和断条率均随抗性淀粉添加量增加而升高,且两种抗性淀粉在粉条中的适宜添加量均为5.0 g/100 g;经体外消化2 h后,红薯抗性淀粉粉条和玉米抗性淀粉粉条消化率分别为20.2%和23.3%,而空白组消化率为27.8%,表明两种抗性淀粉均具备良好的抗消化性能。

添加武夷岩茶对米粉丝品质、体外消化特性和抗氧化活性的影响

为开发具有抗消化性和抗氧化活性的功能米粉制品,研究添加武夷岩茶对米粉丝品质、体外消化特性和抗氧化活性的影响。采用质构仪和感官评价法测定米粉丝的质构和感官品质,采用GC-MS法检测风味成分,采用FRAP法、DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除法测定抗氧化活性,采用体外模拟消化法检测米粉丝的体外消化特性。结果表明,与未添加武夷岩茶的米粉丝(对照组)相比,添加2.9%~7.0%武夷岩茶的米粉丝断条率无明显变化(P>0.05),添加8.3%武夷岩茶的米粉丝断条率显著增加(P<0.05);添加2.9%~8.3%武夷岩茶的米粉丝硬度、粘聚性、胶着性、咀嚼性和回复性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而气味和食味分值显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加5.7%武夷岩茶的米粉丝保留了岩茶的主要香气物质(香叶醇、2-苯乙醇、苯乙醛、(E)-2-己烯醛),且其米粉丝弹性显著高于对照组和其余岩茶组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加5.7%武夷岩茶的米粉丝中快消化淀粉(RDS)比例下降8.69%,抗性淀粉(RS)比例增加14.34%,对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除能力显著增强(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力是对照组的7.48倍。在米粉丝中添加武夷岩茶能够赋予米粉丝独特风味,显著增强米粉丝的抗消化性和抗氧化活性,提高了米粉丝的营养保健价值。

杂粮、糯小麦与普通小麦配粉对面团特性和面条品质的影响

杂粮面条具有很好的特色风味及营养保健功能,为拓宽糯小麦的应用范围,提高面条营养价值,利用两种杂粮粉(紫薯粉和苦荞粉)、两种筋力类型糯小麦粉与特一粉配粉,分析杂粮粉和糯小麦粉对面粉的理化特性及面条品质的影响。结果表明:糯小麦杂粮配粉及面条制作中,添加紫薯粉比添加苦荞粉总淀粉含量、稳定时间低,直链淀粉含量、吸水率和面条评分高;糯小麦比例提高,总淀粉含量升高,直链淀粉含量、面粉峰值粘度和回升值下降,面条评分增加;强筋糯小麦配粉更有利于杂粮面条品质改良,以30%扬糯麦2号和15%紫薯粉配粉,面条综合评分最高。