Real-time Rescue Target Detection Based on UAV Imagery for Flood Emergency Response

Timely acquisition of rescue target information is critical for emergency response after a flood disaster.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)equipped with remote sensing capabilities offer distinct advantages,including high-resolution imagery and exceptional mobility,making them well suited for monitoring flood extent and identifying rescue targets during floods.However,there are some challenges in interpreting rescue information in real time from flood images captured by UAVs,such as the complexity of the scenarios of UAV images,the lack of flood rescue target detection datasets and the limited real-time processing capabilities of the airborne on-board platform.Thus,we propose a real-time rescue target detection method for UAVs that is capable of efficiently delineating flood extent and identifying rescue targets(i.e.,pedestrians and vehicles trapped by floods).The proposed method achieves real-time rescue information extraction for UAV platforms by lightweight processing and fusion of flood extent extraction model and target detection model.The flood inundation range is extracted by the proposed method in real time and detects targets such as people and vehicles to be rescued based on this layer.Our experimental results demonstrate that the Intersection over Union(IoU)for flood water extraction reaches an impressive 80%,and the IoU for real-time flood water extraction stands at a commendable 76.4%.The information on flood stricken targets extracted by this method in real time can be used for flood emergency rescue.

A CNN-Based Single-Stage Occlusion Real-Time Target Detection Method

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of traditional target detection methods for target detection in endoscopes in substation environments, a CNN-based real-time detection method for masked targets is proposed. The method adopts the overall design of backbone network, detection network and algorithmic parameter optimisation method, completes the model training on the self-constructed occlusion target dataset, and adopts the multi-scale perception method for target detection. The HNM algorithm is used to screen positive and negative samples during the training process, and the NMS algorithm is used to post-process the prediction results during the detection process to improve the detection efficiency. After experimental validation, the obtained model has the multi-class average predicted value (mAP) of the dataset. It has general advantages over traditional target detection methods. The detection time of a single target on FDDB dataset is 39 ms, which can meet the need of real-time target detection. In addition, the project team has successfully deployed the method into substations and put it into use in many places in Beijing, which is important for achieving the anomaly of occlusion target detection.

基于Real-time PCR法检测乳粉中牛源性成分定量研究

基于Real-timePCR建立了乳粉中牛源性成分相对定量检测方法,并对牛的特异性引物与探针进行了特异性、灵敏度和稳定性测试。通过模拟不同浓度牛乳粉与马乳粉混合样本,根据其△Ct值的函数关系进行线性拟合进而绘制标准曲线,建立乳粉中牛源性成分的相对定量检测。结果显示,该方法的最低检测限为0.00001 mg/mL,回收率为91.11%~119.2%,组间变异系数≤0.58%、组内变异系数≤1.44%。说明该方法在特异性与稳定性上适用于乳粉中牛源性成分及含量的掺假检测。

一种基于real-time PCR技术的TTV检测方法的建立及应用

目的:本研究旨在开发一种具有更高灵敏度和特异性的TTV检测技术,为揭示TTV在多种疾病过程中的作用提供重要的技术支持。方法:为了更精确、灵敏的检测TTV,本研究分析了目前公布的所有亚型的TTV基因序列,在此基础上建立了一种基于UTR区域的real-time PCR检测方法,并与文献报道应用较为广泛的PCR检测方法进行了对比。结果:本研究建立的方法在1×10^(7)~1×10^(1) copies/μL标准品浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为1.000,斜率为-3.446,检测下限为1×10^(1) copies/μL。重复性试验结果显示,组内变异系数为7.22%,表明本方法重复性、稳定性较强。针对30份临床样本,使用本研究建立的real-time PCR检测方法及目前被多个研究所使用的4套引物进行对比。结果表明,本研究所建立的方法灵敏度显著高于文献中报道的4种方法(P<0.01);Sanger测序结果表明,本方法检测出的30份阳性样本均为TTV,检测特异性为100%。结论:本研究采用基于TaqMan探针的real-time PCR检测方法,检测灵敏性高、覆盖基因型范围广,尤其对于TTV病毒载量较低的情况下能够进行定量检测,对于TTV病毒的致病性及作为免疫标志物的应用提供重要的技术支持。

Cyber Resilience through Real-Time Threat Analysis in Information Security

This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].

Intrusion Detection System for PS-Poll DoS Attack in 802.11 Networks Using Real Time Discrete Event System

Wi-Fi devices have limited battery life because of which conserving battery life is imperative. The 802.11 Wi-Fi standard provides power management feature that allows stations(STAs) to enter into sleep state to preserve energy without any frame losses. After the STA wakes up, it sends a null data or PS-Poll frame to retrieve frame(s) buffered by the access point(AP), if any during its sleep period. An attacker can launch a power save denial of service(PS-DoS) attack on the sleeping STA(s) by transmitting a spoofed null data or PS-Poll frame(s) to retrieve the buffered frame(s) of the sleeping STA(s) from the AP causing frame losses for the targeted STA(s). Current approaches to prevent or detect the PS-DoS attack require encryption,change in protocol or installation of proprietary hardware. These solutions suffer from expensive setup, maintenance, scalability and deployment issues. The PS-DoS attack does not differ in semantics or statistics under normal and attack circumstances.So signature and anomaly based intrusion detection system(IDS) are unfit to detect the PS-DoS attack. In this paper we propose a timed IDS based on real time discrete event system(RTDES) for detecting PS-DoS attack. The proposed DES based IDS overcomes the drawbacks of existing systems and detects the PS-DoS attack with high accuracy and detection rate. The correctness of the RTDES based IDS is proved by experimenting all possible attack scenarios.

Detection of the Pandemic H1N1/2009 Influenza A Virus by a Highly Sensitive Quantitative Real-time Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

A quantitative real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） assay with specific primers recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO） has been widely used successfully for detection and monitoring of the pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus. In this study, we report the design and characterization of a novel set of primers to be used in a qRT-PCR assay for detecting the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus. The newly designed primers target three regions that are highly conserved among the hemagglutinin （HA） genes of the pandemic HlN1/2009 viruses and are different from those targeted by the WHO-recommended primers. The qRT-PCR assays with the newly designed primers are highly specific, and as specific as the WHO-recommended primers for detecting pandemic H1N1/2009 viruses and other influenza viruses including influenza B viruses and influenza A viruses of human, swine, and raccoon dog origin. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR assays with the newly designed primers appeared to be at least 10-fold more sensitive than those with the WHO-recommended primers as the detection limits of the assays with our primers and the WHO-recommended primers were 2.5 and 25 copies of target RNA per reaction, respectively. When tested with 83 clinical samples, 32 were detected to be positive using the qRT-PCR assays with our designed primers, while only 25 were positive by the assays with the WHO-recommended primers. These results suggest that the qRT-PCR system with the newly designed primers represent a highly sensitive assay for diagnosis of the pandemic HIN1/2009 virus infection.

A fast and adaptive method for automatic weld defect detection in various real-time X-ray imaging systems

A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of median filter is used to estimate the weld background. After the weld background is subtracted from the original image, an adaptite threshold segmentation algorithm is proposed to obtain the binary image, and then the morphological close and open operation, labeling algorithm and fids＇e alarm eliminating algorithm are applied to pracess the binary image to obtain the defect, ct detection result. At last, a fast realization procedure jbr proposed method is developed. The proposed method is tested in real-time X-ray image,s obtairted in different X-ray imaging sutems. Experiment results show that the proposed method is effective to detect low contrast weld dejects with few .false alarms and is adaptive to various types of real-time X-ray imaging systems.

Detection and Identification of Six Foodborne Bacteria by Two-tube Multiplex Real Time PCR and Melting Curve Analysis

Objective This study is aimed to develop a two-tube melting curve-based multiplex real time PCR assay （MCMRT-PCR） for the simultaneous detection of six common foodborne pathogenic bacteria （diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and 5higella in tube 1, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Listeria monocytogenes in tube 2）. Methods A two-tube MCMRT-PCR assay was performed on 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System {Applied Biosystems, USA）. Amplification by PCR was optimized to obtain high efficiency. The sensitivity and specificity of assays were investigated. Results The detection limit of optimized MCMRT-PCR assay was 3.9x102 CFU/mLfor S. aureus, 4.4x102 CFU/mL for L. monocytogenes, 3.0x102 CFU/mL for Salmonella, 2.5x102 CFU/mL for Shigella, 2.1x102 CFU/mL for V. parahaemolyticus, and 1.2x102 CFU/mL for E. coll. The feasibility of MCMRT-PCR was further evaluated using artificially contaminated milk, the sensitivity was at the level of 10s CFU/mL. Conclusion A two-tube MCMRT-PCR assay using six primer sets was developed for detection of multiple pathogens. Our findings demonstrates that the proposed two-tube assay is reliable, useful and rapid for simultaneous detection of six foodborne pathogenic bacteria with an intended application in provincial Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention （CDC）.

Real-time Fluorescence PCR Method for Detection of Burkholderia glumae from Rice

Burkholderia glumae causing seedling rot and grain rot of rice was listed as a plant quarantine disease of China in 2007. It＇s quite necessary to set up effective detection methods for the pathogen to manage further dispersal of this disease. The present study combined the real-time PCR method with classical PCR to increase the detecting efficiency, and to develop an accurate, rapid and sensitive method to detect the pathogen in the seed quarantine for effective management of the disease. The results showed that all the tested strains of B. glumae produced about 139 bp specific fragments by the real-time PCR and the general PCR methods, while others showed negative PCR result. The bacteria could be detected at the concentrations of 1×10^4 CFU/mL by general PCR method and at the concentrations below 100 CFU/mL by real-time fluorescence PCR method. B. glumae could be detected when the inoculated and healthy seeds were mixed with a proportion of 1：100.

Development and validation of a TaqMan^(TM) fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR assay for the rapid detection of Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most important emerging pathogens in tile global aquaculture industries. As such, an accurate diagnosis and quantitative analytical methods are urgently needed for this bacterium. In this study, primers and a TaqMan probe specific to the conservative sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of E. tarda were designed. The concentration of primers and TaqMan probe were optimized to 200 nmol/L and 120 nmol/L, respectively. The detection sensitivity of the FQ- PCR assay was determined to be as low as five copies of the target sequence per reaction using the pGEM-16S rDNA recombinant plasmid as a template, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. A standard curve by plotting the threshold cycle values （y） against the common logarithmic copies （logl0n~ as x; n~ is copy number） of pGEM-16S rDNA was generated. The results of intra- and inter-assay variability tests demonstrate that the established FQ-PCR method was highly reproducible. The assay was specific for E. tarda as it showed that there was no cross-reactivity to eight additional bacterial pathogen strains in aquaculture. Thus, the FQ-PCR assay has the potential for diagnostic purposes and for other applications, especially for the rapid detection and quantification of low-grade E. tarda infections.

Development of Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Vibrio vulnificus Based on Hemolysin (vvhA) Coding System

Objective To establish a TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect Vibrio vulnificus based on the hemolysin gene （vvhA） coding cytolysin. Methods Primers and probes in the conserved region of the vvhA gene sequence were designed for the TaqMan real-time PCR to detect 100 bp amplicon from V. vulnificus DNA. Recombinant plasmid pMD19-vvhA100 was constructed and used as a positive control during the detection. Minimal amplification cycles （Ct value） and fluorescence intensity enhancement （ARn value） were used as observing indexes to optimize the reaction conditions of TaqMan real-time PCR. The TaqMan assay for the detection of Vbirio vulnificus was evaluated in pure culture, mice tissue which artificially contaminated Vibrio vulnificus and clinical samples. Results The established TaqMan real-time PCR showed positive results only for Vibrio vulnificus DNA and pMD19-vvhA100. The standard curve was plotted and the minimum level of the vvhA target from the recombinant plasmid DNA was 103 copies with a Ct value of 37.94±0.19, as the equivalent of 0.01 ng purified genomic DNA of Vibrio vulnificus. The results detected by TaqMan PCR were positive for the 16 clinical samples and all the specimens of peripheral blood and subcutaneous tissue of mice which were infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Conclusion TaqMan real-time PCR is a rapid, effective, and quantitative tool to detect Vibro vulnificus, and can be used in clinical laboratory diagnosis of septicemia and wound infection caused by Vibrio vulnificus.

Established and Emerging Optical Technologies for the Real-Time Detection of Cervical Neoplasia: A Review

Cervical cancer remains a critically important problem for women, especially those women in the developing world where the case-fatality rate is high. There are an estimated 528,000 cases and 266,000 deaths worldwide. Established screening and detection programs in the developed world have lowered the mortality from 40/100,000 to 2/100,000 over the last 60 years. The standard of care has been and continues to be: a screening Papanicolaou smear with or without Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing;followed by colposcopy and biopsies and if the smear is abnormal;and followed by treatment if the biopsies show high grade disease (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 and Carcinoma-in-situ). Low grade lesions (Pap smears with Atypical Cells of Uncertain Significance (ASCUS), Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LGSIL), biopsies showing HPV changes or showing CIN 1);are usually followed for two years and then treated if persistent. Treatment can be performed with loop excision, LASER, or cryotherapy. Loop excision yields a specimen which can be reviewed to establish the diagnosis more accurately. LASER vaporizes the lesion and cryotherapy leads to tissue destruction. Under long term study;loop excision, LASER, and cryotherapy have the same rate of cure. The standard of care is expensive and takes 6 - 12 weeks for the individual patient. During the last twenty years, new technologies that can view the cervix and even image the cervix with cellular resolution have been developed. These technologies could lead to a new paradigm in which diagnosis and treatment occurs at a single visit. These technologies include fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy (probe or wide-field, whole cervix scanning approaches) and fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy or high resolution micro-endoscopy. Both technologies have received Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and have been commercialized. Research trials continue to show their remarkable performance. These technologies are reviewed and clinical trials are summarized. Emerging technologies are coming along that may compete with those already approved and include optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography with autofluorescence, diffuse optical microscopy, and dual mode micro-endoscopy. These technologies are also reviewed and where available, clinical data is reported. Optical technologies are ready to diffuse into clinical practice because they will save money and 3 or 4 visits in the developed world and offer the same standard of care to the developing world where more cervical cancer exists.

Application of Dual-Energy X-Ray Image Detection of Dangerous Goods Based on YOLOv7

X-ray security equipment is currently a more commonly used dangerous goods detection tool, due to the increasing security work tasks, the use of target detection technology to assist security personnel to carry out work has become an inevitable trend. With the development of deep learning, object detection technology is becoming more and more mature, and object detection framework based on convolutional neural networks has been widely used in industrial, medical and military fields. In order to improve the efficiency of security staff, reduce the risk of dangerous goods missed detection. Based on the data collected in X-ray security equipment, this paper uses a method of inserting dangerous goods into an empty package to balance all kinds of dangerous goods data and expand the data set. The high-low energy images are combined using the high-low energy feature fusion method. Finally, the dangerous goods target detection technology based on the YOLOv7 model is used for model training. After the introduction of the above method, the detection accuracy is improved by 6% compared with the direct use of the original data set for detection, and the speed is 93FPS, which can meet the requirements of the online security system, greatly improve the work efficiency of security personnel, and eliminate the security risks caused by missed detection.

Real-Time Method for Detecting Harmonic and Reactive Currents of Single-Phase Circuits

According to the characteristics of single-phase circuits and demand of using active filter for real-time detecting harmonic and reactive currents, a detecting method based on Fryze＇s power definition is proposed. The results of theoretical analysis and simula- tion show that the proposed method is effective in realtime detecting of instantaneous harmonic and reactive currents in single-phase circuits. When only detecting the total reactive currents, this method does not need a phase-locked loop circuit, and it also can be used in some special applications to provide different compensations on the ground of different requirements of electric network. Compared with the other methods based on the theory of instantaneous reactive power, this method is simple and easy to realize.

Real Time Collision Detection Using Depth Texturing Spheres

In this paper,we present a novel collision detection algorithm to real time detect the collisions of objects.We gen- erate sphere textures of objects,and use programmable graphics hardware to mapping texture and check the depth of different ob- jects to detect the collision.We have implemented the algorithm and compared it with CULLIDE.The result shows that our algo- rithm is more effective than CULLIDE and has fixed executive time to suit for real-time applications.

Synchronously Detecting Allergenic Ingredients of Peanut and Sesame in Food by Real-time Fluorescent PCR

Peanut,sesame and other raw materials of food are allergens for special populations.In this study,specific primers and TaqMan probes labeled by different fluorescences were designed targeting Ara h 2 gene of peanut and Ses i 1 gene of sesame.After the optimization of reaction conditions,a real-time fluorescent PCR method was established for simultaneous detection of allergenic ingredients of peanut and sesame in food.Genomic DNA samples of peanut,sesame,rice,wheat,barley,soybean,celery,maize,potato,tomato,walnut,groundnut in shell,cashew nut,sunflower seed,almond,apple,pear and strawberry,pork,beef,mutton and fish were used as templates for PCR amplification with deionized water as negative control template.Results indicated that the established real-time fluorescent PCR method could specifically identify allergenic ingredients of peanut and sesame simultaneously.Sensitivity test showed that the minimum detection limit of this method was 0.01%.Therefore,the established real-time fluorescent PCR method is a specific,sensitive and effective assay for simultaneously detecting allergenic ingredients of peanut and sesame in food.

Development and Preliminary Application of SYBR Green I Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Method for Detecting Porcine Parvovirus Virus

According to VP2 gene sequence of the porcine parvovirus virus strain NADL-2 （NC001718） available in GenBank （NC_001718）, a pair of specific primer was designed, and the target fragment of 431 bp was obtained by PCR amplification. The products were ligated with pMD18- T vector and then transformed into bacteria DH5α for recombinant plasmid extraction. After PCR identification and sequencing, recombinant plasmid was used as a standard template to establish the standard curve of SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR. Sensitivity test, specificity test and repeatability test were also determined. The results indicated that there was a good linear relationship between threshold cycle of the standard curve and template concentration, R2 =0.997 6. Tm ranged from 82.3 to 82.9 ℃, while the sensitivity was 72.1 copies/μl with good specificity and repeatability. The developed SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR method to detect PPV VP2 gene laid the basis for further studies on patho- oenesis, early clinical diaonosis of this virus and quantitative analysis of PPV infection.

Energy Detector with Baseband Sampling for Cognitive Radio: Real-Time Implementation

Cognitive radio (CR) is a technology that provides a promising new way to improve the efficiency of the use of the electromagnetic spectrum that available. Spectrum sensing helps in the detection of spectrum holes (unused channels of the band), and instantly move into vacant channels while avoiding occupied ones. An energy detector with baseband sampling for CR is presented with mathematical analyses for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. A brief overview of the energy detection based spectrum sensing for CR technology is introduced. Practical implementation issues on Texas Instruments TMS320C6713 floating point DSP board are presented. Novelties of this work came from a derivation of probability of detection and probability of false alarm for the baseband energy detector without including the sampling theorems and the associated approximation.