REAL EFFECTS & DIVERSITY TO BE STRESSED IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

In recent years, the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry under the CAS has freed itself from the stereotyped rut of conventional forms in its external intercourse while still sticking fast to upholding its strategic goal of disciplinary development. Our stress in this aspect has shifted to the pursuit of real effects and diversified forms in international S&T exchange. Our exploration features the following four characteristics:

Capital flows, economic growth and the real effective exchange rate: Evidence from China

This paper examines the Granger causal relationship between capital flows and economic growth in China over the period 1998Q1–2019Q2,allowing for real effective exchange rate(REER)effects.As parameter instability tests indicate structural changes,we use bootstrap rolling window causality tests,which suggest that the causal nexus between capital flows and GDP growth is time-varying.We find that the causal links between foreign direct investments(FDIs)and GDP growth are hardly affected by the REER,whereas the REER plays a more important role in affecting the causal connections between portfolio investments and other investments and GDP growth.Our results suggest that cumulative portfolio inflows and cumulative other investment inflows harm GDP growth,whereas cumulative portfolio outflows and cumula-tive other investment outflows positively affect GDP growth.

Real Effective Exchange Rate and Regional Economic Growth in China： Evidence from Provincial Data

Using data for the period 2000-2011, we construct province-level real effective exchange rate （REER） indices for China and test the effect of REER depreciation on regional economic growth in a generalized method of moments regression framework. Our results show that REER depreciation, in general, promotes regional economic growth, through increasing net exports and lowering FDI costs. After dividing the full sample into coastal and inland subsamples, we find that REER depreciation influences economic growth in inland areas but not in coastal areas. This is due to the fact that the inland areas have more surplus labor or other resources to expand their production capacity when REER depreciation leads to increased worm demand. Furthermore, compared to inland areas, processing-and-assembly trade comprises a larger share of trade in the coastal areas, where traders import more raw materials and intermediate goods to process and assemble goods. When the exchange rate depreciates, the costs of imported materials and immediate goods increase. In this case, the benefits from REER depreciation in coastal areas are offset to some extent and are thus lower than in inland areas.

Industry-specific Real Effective Exchange Rate for China:2000-2009

This paper measures the industry-specific real effective exchange rate （REER） for China by matching domestic and foreign industry-level price and trade data series. We find that after 2005 the REER appreciates more in the ＂chemical, plastics, rubber and fuels industry＂ and the ＂＇machinery and equipment industry,＂ but remains roughly constant or even depreciates in other industries. The nominal exchange rate generally accounts for over 50 percent of the aggregate real effective exchange rate JTuetuations, but this conclusion does not apply to three of nine industries. We apply the industry-specific REER to re-examine the relationship between the exchange rate and trade, and find that the industry-specific REER index performs better than the traditional aggregate REER index. We recommend that the Chinese Government officially adopt industry-specific exchange rates instead of using the aggregate effective exchange rates to evaluate the competitiveness of Chinese industries in the international market.

Real Gas Effects on Charging and Discharging Processes of High Pressure Pneumatics

The high pressure pneumatic system has been applied to special industries. It may cause errors when we analyze high pressure pneumatics under ideal gas assumption. However, the real gas effect on the performances of high pressure pneumatics is seldom investigated. In this paper, the real gas effects on air enthalpy and internal energy are estimated firstly to study the real gas effect on the energy conversion. Under ideal gas assumption, enthalpy and internal energy are solely related to air temperature. The estimation result indicates that the pressure enthalpy and pressure internal energy of real pneumatic air obviously decrease the values of enthalpy and internal energy for high pressure pneumatics, and the values of pressure enthalpy and pressure internal energy are close. Based on the relationship among pressure, enthalpy and internal energy, the real gas effects on charging and discharging processes of high pressure pneumatics are estimated, which indicates that the real gas effect accelerates the temperature and pressure decreasing rates during discharging process, and decelerates their increasing rates during charging process. According to the above analysis, and for the inconvenience in building the simulation model for real gas and the difficulty of measuring the detail thermal capacities of pneumatics, a method to compensate the real gas effect under ideal gas assumption is proposed by modulating the thermal capacity of the pneumatic container in simulation. The experiments of switching expansion reduction （SER） for high pressure pneumatics are used to verify this compensating method. SER includes the discharging process of supply tanks and the charging process of expansion tank. The simulated and experimental results of SER are highly consistent. The proposed compensation method provides a convenient way to obtain more realistic simulation results for high pressure pneumatics.

Real world effectiveness of PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins versus statins-based therapy among patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China(RWE-PCSK study)

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK-9) inhibitors were confirmed by several clinical trials, but its effectiveness in routine clinical practice in China has not been evaluated. This study aims to describe the real world effectiveness of PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins compared with statins-based therapy among patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD).METHODS This is a multi-center observational study, enrolled patients from 32 hospitals who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) from January to June in 2019. There are 453 patients treated with PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 2,610 patients treated with statins-based lipid lowering therapies in statins-based group. The lipid control rate and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) over six months were compared between two groups.A propensity score-matched(PSM) analysis was used to balance two groups on confounding factors. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods was applied for MACE.RESULTS In a total of 3,063 patients, 89.91% of patients had received moderate or high-intensity statins-based therapy before PCI, but only 9.47% of patients had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels below 1.4 mmol/L at baseline. In the PSM selected patients, LDL-C level was reduced by 42.57% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 30.81%(P < 0.001) in statins-based group after six months. The proportion of LDL-C ≤ 1.0 mmol/L increased from 5.29% to 29.26% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 0.23% to 6.11% in statins-based group, and the proportion of LDL-C ≤ 1.4 mmol/L increased from 10.36% to 47.69% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 2.99% to 18.43% in statins-based group(P < 0.001 for both). There was no significant difference between PCSK-9 inhibitor and statins-based treatment in reducing the risk of MACE(hazard ratio = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.49-12.97, P = 0.250).CONCLUSIONS In the real world, PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins could significantly reduce LDL-C levels among patients with very high risk of ASCVD in China. The long-term clinical benefits for patients received PCSK-9 inhibitor to reduce the risk of MACE is still unclear and requires further study.

Simulation and experimental study of high pressure switching expansion reduction considering real gas effect

Switching expansion reduction(SER)uses a switch valve instead of the throttle valve to realize electronically controlled pressure reduction for high pressure pneumatics.A comprehensive and interactive pneumatic simulation model according to the experimental setup of SER has been built.The mathematical model considers heat exchanges,source air pressure and temperature,environmental temperatures and heat transfer coefficients variations.In addition,the compensation for real gas effect is used in the model building.The comparison between experiments and simulations of SER indicates that,to compensate the real gas effect in high pressure discharging process,the thermal capacity of air supply container in simulation should be less than the actual value.The higher the pressure range,the greater the deviation.Simulated and experimental results are highly consistent within pressure reduction ratios ranging from 1.4 to 20 and output air mass flow rates ranging from 3.5 to 132 g/s,which verifies the high adaptability of SER and the validity of the mathematic model and the compensation method.

Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis Effective Potential for Quark Propagator in Real-Time Thermal Field Theory and Landau Gauge

We complete the derivation of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential for quark propagator at finite temperature and finite quark chemical potential in the real-time formalism of thermal field theory and in Landau gauge. In the approximation that the function A(p2) in inverse quark propagator is replaced by unity, by means of the running gauge coupling and the quark mass function invariant under the renormalization group in zero temperature Quantum Chromadynamics (QCD), we obtain a calculable expression for the thermal effective potential, which will be a useful means to research chiral phase transition in QCD in the real-time formalism.

数字金融创新有助于促进实体经济高质量发展吗?——基于金融服务效率的机制分析与空间计量

中央金融工作会议强调,坚持把金融服务实体经济作为根本宗旨。数字金融作为数字技术与金融业态融合创新的产物,对提升金融服务效率,支持实体经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2011-2021年中国31个省级行政区的平衡面板数据,通过构建实体经济高质量发展指标体系和嵌套空间权重矩阵,运用空间计量模型、动态杜宾模型和中介效应检验方法,实证研究数字金融创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、溢出效应和作用机制,得出:数字金融创新不仅能直接促进本地区实体经济的高质量发展,而且具有正向空间溢出效应,对邻近地区实体经济高质量发展呈现渐进、动态的长期影响。中介效应检验结果表明,提升金融服务效率是数字金融创新促进实体经济高质量发展的主要作用机制。在金融科技创新监管试点地区,数字金融创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、溢出效应和中介效应均明显高于非试点地区。因此,要稳步推进金融科技创新监管试点,优化数字金融业态空间布局,畅通数字金融促进实体经济高质量发展的传导机制。

数字经济对长江经济带实体经济发展的影响研究——基于环境规制和经济发展的调节效应

发展数字经济是促进长江经济带高质量发展的重要路径,通过建立面板双向固定效应模型,实证分析长江经济带内数字经济发展对实体经济的影响程度,利用模型分析并探讨了环境规制和经济发展的调节效应。研究发现:虽然该区域内数字经济可以显著提升实体经济的发展水平,但已出现了“倒U型”关系;科技进步、产业结构、绿色金融是重要的传导机制;同时,长江经济带内部的环境规制强度和经济发展会弱化数字经济发展对实体经济的提升作用。本研究不仅为数字经济赋能长江经济带实体经济发展提供一定的经验证据,还有助于明晰数字经济对实体经济的支撑作用关系。

人民币汇率变动与企业创新的“质”与“量”——基于产业链溢出效应

本文利用2000~2014年的中国工业企业数据库、海关贸易数据库、企业专利数据库以及2007年中国投入产出表,基于产业链视角验证了人民币升值对制造业企业创新的影响。研究结果表明,人民币升值能显著提高企业创新能力,并且产业链在其中发挥着异质性效果:企业会因其所处产业链位置表现出创新“量”与“质”的差异。人民币升值对上游企业创新质量的促进作用更强,而对创新数量的影响并不明显。机制分析发现:人民币升值带来的进口中间品增加会在产业链中形成行业间技术溢出效应以及行业内竞争效应,均对企业创新模式产生重要影响;上游企业在全产业链中表现出“质量引领效应”。本研究为企业在“双循环”发展格局下利用行业生产网络效应提高自身创新提供建设性方向。

数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济发展:作用机理及路径选择

[目的/意义]数据要素作为新型生产要素,已成为推动经济社会高质量发展的关键动力。发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济发展,对于促进我国数字经济健康发展、增强实体经济发展新动能至关重要。[方法/过程]从促进数据要素价值稳步释放、推动产业转型升级、赋能实体经济发展3个方面明晰发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济发展的现实基础,并阐释数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济从“协同”到“复用”到“融合”的3种作用机理。[结果/结论]以“支撑数据要素供给—深化数据应用场景—完善数据治理制度”三位一体思路,深入探索发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济高质量发展的实践路径。

数字金融、创业效应与实体经济高质量发展

基于2011—2021年中国省域面板数据,从五个维度对实体经济高质量发展指标体系进行构建,利用空间杜宾模型检验数字金融对实体经济高质量发展的影响。结果显示:第一,数字金融能显著促进实体经济高质量发展且存在正向空间溢出效应,发展数字金融对本省份和邻近省份实体经济高质量发展均有推动作用。第二,创业效应在数字金融助力实体经济高质量发展的过程中存在显著的传导作用,提升创业效应水平是数字金融赋能实体经济高质量发展的重要机制。第三,门槛模型检验发现,数字金融对实体经济高质量发展的积极影响呈现“边际效应递增”的非线性特点,且创业效应在其中发挥调节作用,能够增强数字金融对实体经济高质量发展的影响效果。据此提出全面建设中国数字金融体系,加强数字金融对企业创业创新活动的引导扶持,充分重视并利用数字金融的空间外溢效应,深度赋能实体经济高质量发展等政策建议。

数字经济、实体经济与绿色福利效应

提高绿色全要素生产率、逐步释放绿色福利效应是实现经济高质量发展的关键路径和必然选择。随着全球数字技术的广泛应用,数字经济和实体经济协同发展成为变革经济发展方式、增强经济发展韧性的核心驱动力。本文基于2011~2020年城市面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型实证探究数字经济、实体经济及其交互作用对绿色福利效应的直接及空间溢出影响。研究发现:数字经济、数字经济与实体经济的交互作用促进了本地及邻近地区绿色福利效应,而实体经济抑制了本地及邻近地区绿色福利效应;在异质性方面,数字经济和实体经济的交互作用显著促进了中等规模城市、非资源型城市绿色福利效应并产生了正向空间溢出。本文研究结果为推动数字经济和实体经济协同发展以释放绿色福利效应提供参考。

实体企业金融化的环境绩效:内在机制与经验证据

基于2011—2020年沪深A股实体上市公司数据,考察了实体企业金融化的环境绩效与形成机制,并进一步分析了企业家相关才能的调节效应。研究发现:(1)实体企业金融化对环境绩效呈现先促进后抑制的倒U型关系,这一结论在使用多种方法进行稳健性检验后依然成立;(2)实体企业金融化在东部地区和非国有企业中具有显著环境绩效,制造业企业金融化则更易产生消极的环境绩效;(3)实体企业金融化初期的转型效应带来了积极的环境绩效,而随着金融化进程加深,其对创新的挤出效应产生了消极的环境绩效;(4)进一步分析发现,随着实体企业金融化不断推进,企业家相关才能具有显著正向调节效应。

小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离研究

针对现有小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截及开舱距离模拟中,无法体现开舱后子弹云团与目标的动态交会过程,并忽略了定距空爆引信实际启动规律,导致毁伤效能评估不准确的问题,开展小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离进行研究。通过建立多束定向预制破片战斗部、弹目交会及以巡航导弹为拦截目标的等效目标数值模型,搭建小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟平台。基于实时模拟平台,引入武器系统误差与定距空爆引信实测启动规律,分析炮弹在不同射击距离下开舱距离与毁伤效能的关系,并对小口径定距空爆弹引信技术发展方向进行展望。研究结果表明,引信实际启动规律使得最优毁伤效能随射击距离的增加而减少的幅度增大,在射击远距离目标时,0~20 m的开舱距离内都存在着较高的完全脱靶率。

金融科技创新如何促进实体经济高质量发展——基于金融服务效率的机制分析与空间计量

金融科技创新对于提升金融服务效率,服务实体经济具有重要意义。基于2011—2021年我国31个省份的平衡面板数据,运用空间计量模型和中介效应检验,研究金融科技创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、间接效应和作用机制。研究发现:金融科技创新不仅能直接促进本地区实体经济高质量发展,而且具有正向空间溢出,对邻近地区实体经济高质量发展呈现渐进、动态的长期影响。中介效应和异质性检验表明,提升金融服务效率是金融科技创新促进实体经济高质量发展的主要机制。在金融科技创新监管试点地区,金融科技对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、间接效应和中介效应均明显高于非试点地区。因此,要优化金融科技业态空间布局,提升金融服务效率,深化金融科技创新监管试点,以更好地服务实体经济高质量发展。

超临界二氧化碳超声速喷管设计与性能分析

超临界二氧化碳由于其独特的物理性质而受到广泛应用。同时超临界二氧化碳真实气体效应显著,其流动机理和理想气体差别较大,因此需要设计相应的喷管。采用特征线法设计超临界二氧化碳超声速喷管,其中二氧化碳的热力学参数基于S-W方程获得。通过CFD粘性仿真进行边界层修正。分析了改变喷管入口总压、总温对喷管内流场的影响。结果显示,设计工况下喷管出口质量平均马赫数与设计值相差0.033%,喷管内流场品质较好;非设计工况下,由于温度变化会显著改变CO_(2)的热物性参数,入口总温对喷管流场的影响比总压更大,当入口总压和总温分别降低83.33%,52.94%时,出口马赫数分别降低1.16%、提高3.23%。设计工况下喷管流场满足设计要求,非设计工况下喷管出口马赫数与设计值偏差较小。喷管具有较宽的工作域。

论动产抵押权的追及效力——解读《民法典》第406条

《中华人民共和国民法典》第406条规定了抵押人可以任意转让抵押财产,不需要经过抵押权人的事先同意,并可通过设立抵押权追及效力来保障抵押权人的利益。这种制度设计较好地平衡了抵押人、抵押权人和受让人的利益。但是,动产抵押有别于不动产抵押的特殊性,导致了实践中动产抵押权追及效力的实现困境,影响抵押权人的利益。动产抵押如何在实现物尽其用、促进交易的基础上,更好地平衡各方利益、保障抵押权追及效力的实现,是一个亟需解决的现实问题。在立法和司法实践中,应当继续探索及完善动产抵押的相关法律制度。